Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi

Hodgson, Chris, Gamper, Heather, Bogo, Amauri & Watson, Gillian, 2007, A taxonomic review of the Margarodoid genus Stigmacoccus Hempel (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stigmacoccidae), with some details on their biology, Zootaxa 1507, pp. 1-55 : 43-46

Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi

(Fig. 15)

Material studied. MEXICO, Veracruz, Chiconquiaco, on Quercus sp., 18.iv.2002, H. Gamper (Gullan coll.): 2/2adɗɗ (in fair to good condition, one significantly larger than other).

Unmounted material. "Male de coloration noirâtre avec des ailes brunâtre, enfumée et bien dévelopées." ( Foldi, 1999).

Mounted material. As in generic description, plus: 3.5–4.0 mm long; 0.76–8.0 mm wide across prealare. Body setae short and sparse, hs mostly 25–35 ųm long; hrs 15–42 ųm; hs broader and less flagellate than hrs. Loculate pores (lp) each 5–7 ųm wide, mainly with 3–5 loculi, present on prothorax and abdomen.

HEAD. Diamond-shaped in dorsal view, length 550–575 ųm; width across compound eyes about 620– 645 ųm. Dorsally: postoccipital suture (pos) broad but apparently not heavily sclerotised; medially with an area of lesser sclerotisation; presence of setae on pos unknown. Median crest (mc) covered in many setae plus about 3 lp on each side. Lateral areas of dorsal epicranium (dmep) membranous, with 0 or 1 hs. Laterally: compound eyes (ce) each bulging over dorsal (dmep) and ventral epicrania (vmep); each ce about 290–310 ųm long, with only about 15–18 round to slightly oval ommatidia, each very variable in size, ranging from 28–85 ųm wide. Each ocular sclerite (ocs) with a single ocellus (o) about 28–30 ųm wide; with an indistinct postocular ridge (pocr) along postero-dorsal margin of ocs and apparently extending ventrally. Ve n tr al ly: ventral part of epicranium (vmep) with only a lightly sclerotised ventral midcranial ridge (vmcr) but with a more heavily sclerotised pair of preocular ridges (procr) which fuse with preoral ridge (pror) posteriorly. Vmep otherwise mainly membranous; setal distribution as follows: mid-cranial ridge area (vmcr) with many hs + 0- 3 lp on each side; area posterior to preoral ridges with 10–20 hs. Ventral sclerite (vs) present posterior to each compound eye.

Antennae. Nine segmented, length 2.2–2.7 mm (ratio of total-body length to antennal length 1:0.65); segments II (pedicel) to VIII each with a long finger-like lateral extension. Scape (sc) 165–178 ųm long, 128–135 ųm wide, sclerotised, with many setae, those basally short, about 13–16 ųm long, increasing to about 60–70 ųm distally. Pedicel (pd) 186–212 ųm long, finger-like extension 350–375 ųm; short fleshy setae each about 40–52 ųm long; no campaniform sensilla detected on pd. Fleshy setae (fs) on more distal segments similar to those on pedicel. Lengths of segments III–VIII (ųm): III: 202–235, extension 415–560; IV: 220–270, extension 550–620; V: 225–277, extension 535–620; VI: 225–280, extension 490–620; VII: 250–300, extension 435–560; VIII: 240–310, extension 310–430, and IX 592–810, without an extension. Apical segment with 8– 12 antennal bristles (ab) and several coeloconic sensilla.

THORAX: Prothorax. Dorsally: post-tergites (pt) large and diagonal, each with a broad anterior apex; each 290–375 ųm long. Ven t ra ll y: pleural ridge (plr1) about 125 ųm long. Prosternum (stn1): median ridge well sclerotised, about 330–435 ųm long, broadening posteriorly. Membranous areas covered in short setae (each hs 33–50 ųm long, each hrs 20–40 ųm long), distributed as in generic description but with large groups of prosternal setae (stn1s) and pores laterad to prosternum. Antemesospiracular setae possibly absent.

Mesothorax. Dorsally: prescutum (prsc) large, length 320–400 ųm, width 380–445 ųm; each diagonal, oval membranous area along posterior margin of prescutum about 285 ųm long and 45 ųm wide; prescutum with about 6 or 7 small hs prescutal setae (pscrs) postero-medially on each side. Scutum (sct) very short medially, distance between prescutum and scutellum about 20–25 ųm; scutum with an elongate group of short hs scutal setae (scts) on each side of antero-lateral margins of scutellum (no lp noted). Scutellum (scl) 280 ųm long medially, 515–570 ųm wide posteriorly; without scutellar setae (scls). Laterally: structure rather unclear; each anterior membranous area with a group of about 20–25 hs tegular setae (tegs). Exact structure around FIGURE 15. Adult male Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi. See caption for Fig. 14. Where: ads = dorsal abdominal setae; als = alar setae; amss = anterior metasternal setae; aps = abdominal pleural setae; astn1s = anteprosternal setae; avs = ventral abdominal setae; camp = campaniform sensilla; dss = dorsospiracular setae (Fig. 14); eps3s = postmetaspiracular setae ( Fig. 16 ); fs = fleshy seta (Fig. 14); hs = hair-like seta (Fig. 14); lp = loculate pore; lps = lateral pronotal setae; mpns = median pronotal setae; mts = metasternal setae; pas = postalare setae; pl1s = propleural setae; pl3s = metapleural setae; pm2s = postmesospiracular setae; pmss = posterior metasternal setae; ppcr2s = postmesoprecoxal ridge setae ( Fig. 16 ); pscrs = prescutal setae; psp = penial sheath pores; pss = penial sheath setae; scls = scutellar setae; scts = scutal setae; sens = alar sensoria; stn1s = prosternal setae; stn2s = basisternal setae; tegs = tegular setae, and tibs = tibial spurs.

episternum (eps2) and lateral margin of scutum uncertain – on both slides there appears to be another ridge, but position and homology unclear (not shown in Fig.). Postero-ventral sclerite of mesepisternum (eps2) with a few short setae. Ven t ra ll y: basisternum (stn2) large, length 520–575 ųm, width 890 ųm; with a distinct sclerotised median ridge (mdr), which fades at both ends; with a band of short basisternal setae (stn2s) along median ridge and with a few setae on lateral margins; furca (f) broad basally. Postmesospiracular setae (pm2s) and lp: with a large group posterior to each anterior spiracle but absent medially. Mesothoracic spiracles (sp2) hard to detect and width of peritreme uncertain.

Metathorax. Dorsally: metapostnotum (pn3) possibly absent; with many hs metatergal setae (mts) + about 35 lp in a dense group extending across median part of segment. Dorsospiracular setae (dss) absent. Laterally: precoxal ridge (pcr3) extending medio-ventrally about 280–330 ųm. Metepisternum (eps3) lightly sclerotised, with a group of hs postmetaspiracular seta (eps3s) + lp. Postalare setae (pas) and lp present. Ve nt ra l: postmesoprecoxal ridge setae (ppcr2s) absent (but with setae actually on lateral margins of precoxal ridge (pcr2)); anterior metasternal setae (amss) and lp abundant in a wide transverse group; posterior metasternal setae (pmss): about 10 hs in a small group. Posterior spiracles (sp3) unclear, possibly with peritreme about 60 ųm wide.

Wings. Each 4.0– 4.5 mm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide (ratio of total-body length to wing length 1:1.1); with a distinct group of 100+ circular sensoria (sens) just posterior to base of subcostal ridge, plus 1 or 2 further sens and hs alar setae (als) just laterad to group of sensoria; also with about 25–30 alar setae (als) + 25 sensoria (sens) more laterally along radius vein (rad). Hamulohalteres (h): length 500–540 ųm, width 130 ųm; each with 3 or 4 very hooked hamuli (ham).

Legs. Coxae (cx): I 355–415; II 350–400; III 355–400 ųm; distal setae clearly longer than more proximal setae, longest perhaps 85 ųm. Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm): I 825–895; II 765–845; III 860–960; femur without sclerotised rings similar to those on antennae; with many shortish setae, each 25–30 ųm long, but some along ventral and lateral surfaces up to 90 ųm. Tibia (ti): I 925–1070; II 1025 –1165; III 1175 –1370; each with 4–6 campaniform sensilla (camp) about half way along length; tibial spurs (tibs): longest about 33–55 ųm long. Tarsus (ta): length of ta1 + ta2: I 365–440; II 430–485; III 420–515 ųm. Claw (c): III about 88–100 ųm long, with two fine digitules (cdgt), each 18–26 ųm long.

ABDOMEN. Details additional to generic description: dorsal abdominal setae (ads) hs only, few and shorter than avs (30–50 ųm long), with blunt, almost capitate, apices; ventral abdominal setae (avs) about 50:50 hrs and hs, hs 50–70 ųm long, hrs 20–35 ųm long; hs slightly more frequent and generally longer than on dorsum; length of pleural setae (aps) similar to those on venter. Loculate pores (lp) few medially on dorsum and venter but more abundant on pleural areas. Large tubular pores (tpo) on dorsum of segments VI and VII each about 33–40 ųm long and 15–18 ųm wide; funnel-shaped opening with about 45–50 smaller satellite pores (slp), each about 6–7 ųm wide; with 10 tpo on segment VI and 7 on segment VII; each tpo plus satellite pores surrounded by about 18 long, strong setae, each up to about 40 ųm long. Frequency of abdominal setae as follows: ads (total across segment): I 17 hs, 3 hrs + 4 lp; II–V 6–10 hs, 0 hrs + 0 or 1 lp per side; VI and VII about 14–18 hs + 0–3 lp per side; VIII 22 hs + 12 lp; avs (totals) II many hrs + lp across segment; III–V 15–24 hs, 40–60 hrs + many lp laterally; VI 15–18 hs, 35–40 hrs + many lp laterally; VII 17 hs, 11 hrs + a few lp laterally; VIII a line of setae along sclerotised bar; with small groups of setae laterally on segments IV and V (dorsal pleural setae), but also with large, distinct groups laterad near margin on segments IV–VII, each with hs, hrs and lp (ventral pleural setae?). Abdominal spiracles (asp): 8 pairs, all with extremely indistinct membranous openings present between abdominal segments; pair on segment VIII most obvious, each about 10 ųm wide.

Genital segment. Penial sheath (ps) about 300–350 ųm long, 220–240 ųm wide anteriorly, narrowing to a blunt apex posteriorly; with a group of very short setae (pss) (each 5–7 ųm long) on ventral surface and some rather longer setae dorsally (each up to 15–18 ųm long); also with a small group of small sensoria (psp) at apex. Aedeagus (aed) about 227–235 ųm long, 105–115 ųm wide towards apex; emerging from a ventral groove in penial sheath; setiferous eversible endophallus (eph) perhaps 1.0- 1.1 mm long.

Comment. The adult male of S. garmilleri differs from the other two species in having: (i) much longer antennae (ratio of total body-length to antennal length 1:0.65 rather than 1:0.4 as on S. asper and S. paranaensis ), (ii) hairs on the venter of the abdomen; (iii) abundant prosternal setae, and (iv) in having a proportionately much broader penial sheath.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Adult male Stigmacoccus paranaensis Foldi. For lettering, see Figs 14 & 15.