Stigmella hamata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000

Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Karsholt, Ole & Torres, Nixon Cumbicus, 2017, Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia), Zootaxa 4257 (1), pp. 1-70 : 20

5. Stigmella hamata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000

( Figs 2 , 9 , 29–32 )

Stigmella hamata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 30 .

Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), PERU: Dept. Cuzco, 40 km NW Sicuani, 5 km E of Laguna Pomacanchi, 13°58'52"S, 71°29'20"W, 3240 m, 24.iii.1987, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide no. Diškus 199 ( ZMUC) ; 1 ♂ (paratype), PERU, Dept. Puno, 15 km E of Ayaviri, Laguna Asnacocha , 14°49'44"S, 70°22'34"W, ca. 3940 m, 26–27.iii.1987, O Karsholt, genitalia slide no. Diškus 198 ( ZMUC) ; 1 ♂ (not type-series), PERU, Dept. Puno, 5 km E Limbani , 14°07'23"S, 69°40'23"W, elevation ca. 3000 m, 28.iii.1987, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 558♂ ( ZMUC) ; 2 ♂ (not type-series), BOLIVIA, Dept. Cochabamba, 35 km SE Punata, 8 km SW Vacas, Rodeo , 17°36'10"S, 65°37'26"W, elevation ca. 3500 m, 15–16.iv.1987, P. Arctander, genitalia slide nos RA 557♂, AD 673♂ ( ZMUC) .

Diagnosis. The combination of very glossy forewing and two cornuti in the male genitalia make S. hamata similar to the Stigmella schoorli group. However, the combination of two distinctive wide hook-shaped apical processes of valva, very short transtilla without sublateral processes, uncus with four caudal papillae, and rather asymmetrical horn-like cornuti (rate: 1:8; the longer cornutus twice exceeds the width of phallus) distinguishes S. hamata from all other known Stigmella species, including the species belonging to the S. schoorli group.

Male ( Fig. 32 ). Described in Puplesis & Robinson 2000: 30. Wingspan: 6.8–7.0 mm.

Female. Unknown.

Male genitalia. Illustrated in Puplesis & Robinson 2000: figs 108–112.

Bionomics. Adults fly in March–April. Otherwise biology unknown.

Distribution ( Figs 9 , 29–31 ). This species occurs in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes ( Fig. 30 ) at altitudes between 3000–4000 m (new distribution data are provided in fig. 30).

Figures

FIGURE 32. Adults of the central Andean Nepticulidae.

FIGURES 1 – 8. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 1, high-Andean species recorded at altitudes above 3700 m (after Stonis et al. 2016 d); 2, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 3 – 8, some collecting areas in the Peruvian Andes.

FIGURES 9 – 11. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 9, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 10, 11, some collecting areas in Peru. * — Stigmella epicosma Meyrick is also known from Arica Province, northern Chile (Vargas 2011); ** – S. inca sp. nov. is also discovered in southern Ecuador.

FIGURES 29 – 31. Updated distribution of Stigmella hamata Puplesis & Robinson. 29, 31, habitats; 30, distribution map.