Charinus, Simon, 1892

Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, Giupponi, Alessandro P. L., Prendini, Lorenzo & Scharff, Nikolaj, 2021, Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi), European Journal of Taxonomy 772, pp. 1-409 : 85-87

Key to the identification of the species of Charinus in eastern South America

1. Leg IV distitibia with four trichobothria in frontal and caudal series; leg IV basitibia with three pseudo-articles ............................................................................. C. alagoanus sp. nov. ( Figs 44–46 )

– Leg IV distitibia with five or six trichobothria frontal and caudal series; leg IV basitibia with two or four pseudo-articles ........................................................................................................................... 2

2. Leg IV distitibia with five trichobothria in frontal and caudal series ............................................... 3

– Leg IV distitibia with six trichobothria in frontal and caudal series .............................................. 12

3. Median eyes absent............................................................................................................................ 4

– Median eyes present .......................................................................................................................... 5

4. Tibia of leg I with 21 articles; leg I tarsus with 37 articles; leg IV basitibia with two pseudoarticles........................................................................................ C. monasticus sp. nov. ( Figs 69–70 )

– Tibia of leg I with 23 articles; leg I tarsus with 41 articles; leg IV basitibia with four pseudoarticles............................................................................... C. troglobious Baptista & Giupponi, 2002

5. Pedipalp femur with three dorsal spines; pedipalp patella with two ventral spines ............................ ............................................................................................................... C. una sp. nov. ( Figs 78–79 )

– Pedipalp femur with more than three dorsal spines; pedipalp patella with more than two ventral spines ................................................................................................................................................. 6

6. Median and lateral eyes reduced........................................................................................................ 7

– Median and lateral eyes unmodified.................................................................................................. 8

7. Median ocular tubercle present but reduced; reduced median eyes with dark pigmentation; pedipalp patella dorsal spine IV two-thirds length of dorsal spine III ............................................................... .............................................................................. C. taboa Vasconcelos, Giupponi & Ferreira, 2016

– Median ocular tubercle absent, reduced eyes situated directly on tegument; reduced median eyes unpigmented; pedipalp patella dorsal spine IV one-fifth length of dorsal spine III ............................ .......................................................................................... C. spelaeus Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2017

8. Cheliceral basal segment with long (distinct) tooth adjacent to bifid tooth ........................................ ..................................................................................... C. sooretama sp. nov. ( Figs 7E–F , 9C–D , 75 )

– Cheliceral basal segment with short (indistinct) tooth adjacent to bifid tooth .................................. 9

9. Base of female gonopod unsclerotized ................... C. euclidesi sp. nov. ( Figs 6C–D , 9A–B , 61–63 )

– Base of female gonopod sclerotized................................................................................................ 10

10. Pedipalp tibia with two ventral spines ..................................... C. diamantinus sp. nov. ( Figs 57–60 )

– Pedipalp tibia with one ventral spine................................................................................................11

11. Curved carina present between ocular triads and lateral margin of carapace; cheliceral claw with nine teeth............................................................................................ C. souzai sp. nov. ( Figs 76–77 )

– Curved carina absent between ocular triads and lateral margin of carapace ( Fig. 48A–B ); cheliceral claw with six or seven teeth..................................... C. brasilianus Weygoldt, 1972 ( Figs 8C–D , 48 )

12. Leg I tarsus with 28 articles.................................................................. C. montanus Weygoldt, 1972

– Leg I tarsus with 41 articles............................................................................................................. 13

13. Carapace anterior margin with eight or ten setae ............................................................................ 14

– Carapace anterior margin with six setae.......................................................................................... 16

14. Carapace anterior margin with ten setae; median ocular tubercle absent; pedipalp patella with spine between ventral spine I and distal margin .......................... C. eleonorae Baptista & Giupponi, 2003

– Carapace anterior margin with eight setae; median ocular tubercle present; pedipalp patella with setiferous tubercles between ventral spine I and distal margin ....................................................... 15

15. Pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines ( Fig. 47D ) ...................... C. apiaca sp. nov. ( Figs 5A–B , 47 )

– Pedipalp tarsus with three dorsal spines ......................... C. caatingae Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2016

16. Carapace anterior margin projected anteriorly ............ C. santanensis Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2017

– Carapace anterior margin rounded................................................................................................... 17

17. Leg I tarsus, first article equal in length to subsequent three articles.................................................. ......................................................................... C. jibaossu Vasconcelos, Giupponi & Ferreira, 2014

– Leg I tarsus, first article equal in length to all subsequent articles ................................................. 18

18. Pedipalp tarsus with three dorsal spines .......................................................................................... 19

– Pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines ............................................................................................ 23

19. Cheliceral claw with four teeth.................................................. C. mysticus Giupponi & Kury, 2002

– Cheliceral claw with 9–13 teeth ...................................................................................................... 20

20. Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing seven setae ......................................................... 21

– Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing two or five setae................................................. 22

21. Pedipalp patella with six ventral spines ( Fig. 49F ); cheliceral claw with 13 teeth ............................. .................................................................................. C. carinae sp. nov. ( Figs 3A–B , 4A–B , 49–51 )

– Pedipalp patella with three or four ventral spines; cheliceral claw with ten teeth............................... .......................................................................................................... C. goitaca sp. nov. ( Figs 64–65 )

22. Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing five setae; pedipalp patella with six dorsal spines .................... C. ruschii Miranda, Milleri-Pinto, Gonçalves-Souza, Giupponi & Scharff, 2016

– Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing two setae; pedipalp patella with four dorsal spines ..................................................................................... C. carioca sp. nov. ( Figs 6E–F , 52–53 )

23. Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing no setae .............................................................. 24

– Pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing setae ................................................................... 26

24. Pedipalp patella with three dorsal spines............................................................................................. .................................. C. acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 ( Figs 7A–B , 8A–B )

– Pedipalp patella with five dorsal spines........................................................................................... 25

25. Pedipalp femur with four dorsal spines ..................... C. renneri sp. nov. ( Figs 6A–B , 10I–J , 73–74 )

– Pedipalp femur with five dorsal spines..... C. asturius Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002

26. Pedipalp femur with five dorsal spines......................................... C. cearensis sp. nov. ( Figs 54–56 )

– Pedipalp femur with four dorsal spines ........................................................................................... 27

27. Pedipalp femur with five ventral spines........................................................................................... 28

– Pedipalp femur with four ventral spines.......................................................................................... 29

28. Pedipalp femur with secondary row of dorsal spines; pedipalp patella, distance from ventral spine I to distal margin half length of spine ...................................................... C. puri sp. nov. ( Figs 71–72 )

– Pedipalp femur without secondary row of dorsal spines; pedipalp patella, distance from ventral spine I to distal margin greater than length of spine ............... C. iuiu Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2016

29. Cheliceral claw with up to 13 teeth; median and lateral eyes reduced................................................ ......................................................................... C. potiguar Vasconcelos, Giupponi & Ferreira, 2013

– Cheliceral claw with 11 teeth; median and lateral eyes unmodified.................................................... ..................................................................................................... C. imperialis sp. nov. ( Figs 66–68 )

Figures

Fig. 44. Charinus alagoanus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9294), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B, D = 0.5 mm; C = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 45. Charinus alagoanus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9295), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Suckerlike gonopod, dorsal view.B. Genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view.D. Aperture on sinistral side of sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. E. Projection on sinistral side of sucker-like gonopod, posterior view. F. Gland opening near lateral margin of genital operculum.

Fig. 46. Charinus alagoanus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9295), antenniform leg I, ♀. A. Apex of distal article. B. Distal segment of tarsus, lateral view. C. Apex of distal article of tarsus showing claw and tarsal organ. D. Detail of claw and tarsal organ. E. Rod sensilla and olfactory setae.

Fig. 69. Charinus monasticus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9103), general morphology. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 70. Charinus monasticus sp. nov.(MNRJ 9103), female gonopodand genital operculum.A. Cushionlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view.D. Genital operculum between gonopods.E. Dextral gonopod and gonopore.F. Glandular openings inside gonopod projection.

Fig. 78. Charinus una sp. nov. (MNRJ 9131), general morphology, ♂. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 79. Charinus una sp. nov. (MNRJ 9131), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. B. Genital operculum, ventral view. Inset: cerotegument. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Aperture on sinistral side of sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. E. Posterior margin of genital operculum. F. Gland opening near lateral margin of genital operculum.

Fig. 7. Charinus Simon, 1892, female gonopods, dorsal view (left column) and detail (right column). A–B. Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 (MNRJ 9297). C–D. Charinus palikur sp. nov. (AMCC [LP 3831]) E–F. Charinus sooretama sp. nov. (MNRJ 9245).

Fig. 9. Charinus Simon, 1892, male gonopods. A–B. Charinus euclidesi sp. nov. (MNRJ 9099), ventral view (A), posterior view (B). C–D. Charinus sooretama sp. nov. (MNRJ 9245), ventral view (B), detail of sinistral side showing lamina medialis, lateral lobe 1 and 2, and dorsal lobe (D).

Fig. 75. Charinus sooretama sp. nov. (MNRJ 9245), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D = 0.5 mm; E–F = 0.5 cm.

Fig. 6. Charinus Simon, 1892, female gonopods, dorsal (left column) and posterior (right column) views. A–B. Charinus renneri sp. nov. (MNRJ 9198). C–D. Charinus euclidesi sp. nov. (MNRJ 9099). E–F. Charinus carioca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9201). Scale bars: A–D = 0.25 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 61. Charinus euclidesi sp. nov. (MNRJ 9099), general morphology. A. Female habitus, dorsal view. B. Male habitus, dorsal view. C. Female pedipalp tarsal spines, dorsal view. D. Male pedipalp tarsal spines, dorsal view. E. Female sternum, ventral view. F. Male frontal process. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 cm; C–D = 0.5 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 62. Charinus euclidesi sp. nov. (MNRJ 9099), pedipalp. A. Female pedipalp, dorsal view. B. Male pedipalp, dorsal view. C. Female pedipalp, ventral view. D. Male pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, D = 0.5 cm.

Fig. 63. Charinus euclidesi sp. nov. (MNRJ 9099), antenniform leg I. A. Apex of distal article. B. Rod sensilla and olfactory setae. C. Apex of distal article of tarsus showing claw and tarsal organ. D. Detail of slit sensilla. E. Distal segment of tarsus, lateral view.

Fig. 57. Charinus diamantinus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9299), ♀, general morphology. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 58. Charinus diamantinus sp. nov., habitus, dorsal view illustrating secondary sexual dimorphism (males possess longer pedipalp segments than females). A. ♀ (MNRJ 9299). B. ♂ (MNRJ 9190). Scale bars: 0.1 cm.

Fig. 59. Charinus diamantinus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9189), male gonopod. A. Gonopod with long and curved lamina medialis (LaM), ventral view. B. Sinistral side of gonopod showing lobus lateralis 2 (LoL2). C. Dorsal lobe (LoD).

Fig. 60. Charinus diamantinus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9189), antenniform leg I, ♀. A. Frontal view. B. Apex showing claw. C. Claw and tarsal organ, lateral view. D. Rod sensilla lateral view.

Fig. 76. Charinus souzai sp. nov. (MNRJ 9090), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 77. Charinus souzai sp. nov. (MNRJ 9245), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. B. Genital operculum, ventral view. Inset: cerotegument. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Aperture on sinistral side of sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. E. Posterior margin of genital operculum. F. Gland opening near lateral margin of genital operculum.

Fig. 48. Charinus brasilianus Weygoldt, 1972, general morphology (MNRJ 9271). A. Female habitus, dorsal view. B. Male habitus, dorsal view. C. Female pedipalp, dorsal view. D. Female pedipalp, ventral view. E. Male pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Male pedipalp, ventral view. G. Frontal process. H. Sternum, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C–F = 1 mm; B = 5 mm; G = 0.1 mm; H = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8. Charinus Simon, 1892, male gonopods. A–B. Charinus acaraje Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002 (MNRJ 9297), ventral view (A) and detail of dorsal lobe (LoD) and lateral lobe 1 (LoL1). C–D. Charinus brasilianus Weygoldt, 1972 (MNRJ 9226), posterior view (C) and detail of lateral lobes 1 and 2 (LoL1, 2), dorsal lobe (LoD) and lamina medialis (LaM) (D). E–H. Charinus carajas Giupponi & Miranda, 2016 (MZSP 29126), ventral view of gonopod (E), detail of sinistral side of gonopod (F), detail of LoL1 and LoD (G), and detail of LoL2 (H).

Fig. 47. Charinus apiaca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9286), general morphology, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, D–F = 1 mm; B–C = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 5. Charinus Simon, 1892, female gonopods, dorsal (left column) and posterior (right column) views. A–B. Charinus apiaca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9286). C–D. Charinus gertschi Goodnight & Goodnight, 1946 (AMCC [LP 10076]). E–F. Charinus miskito sp. nov. (SMNS). G–H. Charinus mocoa sp. nov. (SMF 68). Scale bars: A–B, F–H = 0.1 mm; C–E, I–L = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 49. Charinus carinae sp. nov. (MNRJ 9293), general morphology, ♂. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, D–F = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3. Charinidae Quintero, 1986, pedipalp femur, prolateral and dorsal views. A–B. Charinus carinae sp. nov. (MNRJ 9293). C–D. Charinus gertschi Goodnight & Goodnight, 1946 (AMCC [LP 10076]). E–F. Sarax bispinosus (Nair, 1934) (AMCC [LP 12298]). G–H. Sarax willeyi Gravely, 1915 (SMF). Scale bars: A–D, G–H = 1 mm; E–F = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4. Charinidae Quintero, 1986, pedipalp patellar articles, dorsal and prolateral views. A–B. Charinus carinae sp. nov. (MNRJ 9293). C–D. Charinus gertschi Goodnight & Goodnight, 1946 (AMCC [LP 10076]). E–F. Sarax bispinosus (Nair, 1934) (AMCC [LP 12298]). G–H. Sarax willeyi Gravely, 1915 (SMF). Scale bars: A–D, G–H = 1 mm; E–F = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 64. Charinus goitaca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9224), general morphology, ♂. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 65. Charinus goitaca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9360), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Suckerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Genital operculum between gonopods. C. Gonopods, anterior view. D. Gonopods aperture.

Fig. 52. Charinus carioca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9021), general morphology, ♂. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 53. Charinus carioca sp. nov. (MNRJ 9021), habitus, dorsal view illustrating secondary sexual dimorphism (males possess longer pedipalp segments than females). A. ♀. B. ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Charinus Simon, 1892, chelicerae, prolateral and retrolateral views. A–B. Charinus loko sp. nov. (SMNS). C–D. Charinus miskito sp. nov. (SMNS). E–F. Charinus mocoa sp. nov. (SMF 68). G–H. Charinus alagoanus sp. nov. (MNRJ 9295). I–J. Charinus renneri sp. nov. (MNRJ 9198). K–L. Charinus madagascariensis Fage, 1954 (MNHN). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 73. Charinus renneri sp. nov. (MNRJ 9198), general morphology, ♀. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 74. Charinus renneri sp. nov. (MNRJ 9198), male gonopod. A. Ventral view. B. Lateral lobe 2, lamina medialis, processus internus and fistula. C. Posterior view. D. Lateral lobe 2, lamina medialis, processus internus and fistula.

Fig. 54. Charinus cearensis sp. nov. (CHNUFPI 1255), general morphology, ♀. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm; E–F = 1 mm.

Fig. 55. Charinus cearensis sp. nov. (CHNUFPI 1255), female gonopod. A. Sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. B. Genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Genital operculum, between gonopods, dorsal view. E. Gland opening near lateral margin of genital operculum. F. Sinistral side of sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view.

Fig. 56. Charinus cearensis sp. nov. (CHNUFPI 1255), antenniform leg I, ♀. A. Apex of distal article. B. Rod sensilla and olfactory setae. C. Apex of distal article of tarsus showing claw and tarsal organ.

Fig. 71. Charinus puri sp. nov. (MNRJ 9223), general morphology.A. Carapace, dorsal view.B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. D. Pedipalp, dorsal view. E. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 72. Charinus puri sp. nov. (MNRJ 9223), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Sucker-like gonopod, dorsal view. B. Genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. F. Cerotegument.

Fig. 66. Charinus imperialis sp. nov. (MNRJ 9358), general morphology. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Sternum, ventral view. C. Frontal process. D. Pedipalp tarsus, frontal view. E. Pedipalp, dorsal view. F. Pedipalp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E–F = 1 mm; B–D =0.5 mm.

Fig. 67. Charinus imperialis sp. nov. (MNRJ 9032), female gonopod and genital operculum. A. Suckerlike gonopod, dorsal view. B. Posterior margin of genital operculum, ventral view. C. Gonopods, posterior view. D. Dextral sucker-like projection. E. Glandular openings at base of gonopods. F. Slit sensilla on lateral margin of genital operculum.

Fig. 68. Charinus imperialis sp. nov. (MNRJ 9032), leg I tarsus, ♀. A. Tarsus, apex of distal article. B. Tarsus, distal article, frontal view. C. Olfactory setae ventrally on last segment of tarsus. D. Tarsal organ near claw of tarsus. E. Slit sensilla near base of tarsal organ. F. Another slit sensilla on opposite side of article.