Caenocentron carlosdelarosai, Vilarino & Dias & Bispo, 2022

Vilarino, Albane, Dias, Everton Santos & Bispo, Pitágoras Da Conceição, 2022, Phylogeny indicates polyphyly in Cnodocentron (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae): biogeography and revision of New World species (Caenocentron), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4), pp. 1341-1373 : 1354-1358

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab077
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC8945F-6A97-4DB7-99CD-E08162DD5819
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6457191
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F15A94D-FF86-FF8E-BA53-FFA70BA4FE6E
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Caenocentron carlosdelarosai
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

CAENOCENTRON CARLOSDELAROSAI SP. NOV.

( FIGS 7A, B View Figure 7 , 8A–C View Figure 8 , 9A–D View Figures 9–11 )

Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 396FF640-A06B-49C9-82F9-7E1D4E11D293

IDENTIFICATION KEY TO ADULT MALE OF CAENOCENTRON

1 Sternum IX apical margin produced in elongate processes ( Figs 13B View Figure 13 , 14A View Figure 14 ) ................................................. 2

1’ Sternum IX apical margin not produced, concave ( Fig. 8A, C View Figure 8 ) ...................................................................... 3

2(1) Sternum IX apical margin projection as two narrow, elongate processes ( Fig. 13D View Figure 13 ) ......... C. rafamoralesi

2(1)’ Sternum IX apical margin projection as broad, deltoid plate, with two short apical processes ( Fig. 14C View Figure 14 ) ........................................................................................................................................................ C. yavapai View in CoL

3(1) Coxopodite apical margin projection narrow, acute ( Figs 16A View Figure 16 , 20B View Figure 20 ).......................................................... 4

3(1)’ Coxopodite apical margin projection broad ( Figs 17A View Figure 17 , 18A View Figure 18 , 19B View Figure 19 ) ............................................................. 5

4(3) Sternum IX, in lateral view, with apex truncate; coxopodite, in ventral view, with ventral projection having long and dense setae covering most of inner margin, including mesally; each coxopodite with inner face having one subapical short spine ( Fig. 20B, D View Figure 20 )..................................................... C. trilineatum View in CoL

4(3)’ Sternum IX, in lateral view, with apex deltoid; coxopodite, in ventral view, with ventral projection having lateral setal brushes, mesally without setae; each coxopodite with inner face having two short spines ( Fig. 16A, B View Figure 16 ) ........................................................................................................................ C. ideolus View in CoL

5(3) Coxopodite apical margin with a short spine ( Figs 17A View Figure 17 , 18A View Figure 18 ) ................................................................... 6

5(3)’ Coxopodite apical margin without spine ( Figs 15A View Figure 15 , 19B View Figure 19 ).......................................................................... 8

6(5) Coxopodite, in ventral view, inner margin with brush of long setae and a pair of long sublateral stout spines; harpago basal third strongly enlarged ( Fig. 17A View Figure 17 )................................................ C. immaculatum View in CoL

6(5)’ Coxopodite, in ventral view, inner margin with brush of long setae, without any long stout spines; harpago basal third slightly enlarged or not enlarged ( Fig. 18A View Figure 18 ) ............................................................ 7

7(6) Harpago base with a linear setal brush; coxopodite apical margin projection broad until the apex, bearing a short spine on ventroapical margin ( Fig. 18A View Figure 18 ) .............................................................. C. lausus View in CoL

7(6)’ Harpago base without any setal brush; coxopodite apical margin projection tapering to a rounded apex, bearing a short spine subapically ( Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ) ..................................................................... C. carlosdelarosai

8(5) Inferior appendage presenting a lobe covered with brush of setae near harpago base; coxopodite median region with almost indiscernible small setules; paraproct dorsal margin without process, ventroapical margin rounded ( Fig. 19B, C View Figure 19 ) .......................................................................................................... C. pallas View in CoL

8(5)’ Inferior appendage without any brush of setae near harpago base; coxopodite median region with a transverse patch of setae; paraproct dorsal margin with short acute process, ventroapical margin acute ( Fig. 15A View Figure 15 ) ....................................................................................................................................... C. galesus View in CoL

Holotype: COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal , Estacion San Geraldo , 10°52′48″N, 85°23′20.4″W; 575 m a.s.l., 16.xii.2013, Malaise trap, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs leg., (♂ in alcohol, BIOUG23036 -H02). GoogleMaps

Etymology: This new species is named in honour of Dr Carlos Luis de la Rosa in recognition of his decades of research on the Chironomidae of Costa Rica.

Diagnosis: Caenocentron carlosdelarosai can be diagnosed by the combination of the following characters: absence of stout spines on the ventral projection of coxopodite; shorter coxopodite in ventral view; the apical lobe of coxopodite narrow and with rounded margins; and the apical margin of sternum IX truncate in lateral view.

Adult ( Fig. 7A, B View Figure 7 ): Forewing length 2.7 – 3.1 mm (N = 3♂). Colour (in alcohol) uniformly dark brown. Maxillary palp formula (I = II = III)-IV-V; segment IV shorter than sum of segments I-II-III; tibial spurs 2-4- 3 in males and 2-4- 4 in females, male hindleg apical spur unmodified. Venation: forewing fork II and IV present, three anal veins present; hindwing fork II and V present, transverse vein between R1 and SR present. Abdominal sternum V with anterolateral oval region with cuticle modified and reticulate.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 8A–C View Figure 8 ): Tergum IX, in lateral view, narrow, height greater than length; in dorsal view, membranous mesally. Sternum IX, in lateral view, subquadrate, height greater than length; anterior margin truncate, with narrow and elongate apodeme; apical margin truncate; dorsal margin prominent; in ventral view, apical margin concave. Segment X membranous, fused to paraproct. Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, dorsal margin sclerotized, with subapical short process; in dorsal view, mid-dorsal margin sclerotized, not fused, meeting at midlength. Pre-anal appendage, in lateral view, strongly sinuous, slender, base and apex enlarged. Inferior appendage with coxopodite and harpago distinct. Coxopodite, in lateral view, with median region with setal brush; apical margin produced rounded, with subapical stout spine; basal surface with long ventral projection, which has a row of setae mesally and along its margin, apical setae longer; in ventral view, ventral projection with long lateral setae and shorter mesal setae. Harpago, in lateral view, slender, basal third with short spine; in dorsal view, basal third slightly enlarged. Basal plate, in lateral view, directed ventrad; in ventral view, short. Phallus tubular, long and slender, base flared, reaching segment V; apex slightly enlarged.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 9A–D View Figures 9–11 ): Telescopically elongate, forming slender oviscapt. Segment VIII synscleritous, dorsally open, membranous, posterior margin with linear row of long setae; each anterolateral margin with narrow, elongate apodeme extending anteriorly until segment VI. Intersegmental membrane VIII–IX well developed. Segment IX tubular, slender, covered with annulated striations; longer than segment VIII, open ventrally; each anterolateral margin with narrow, elongate apodeme extending anteriorly to segment V. Gonopod VIII elongate until segment X, semi-membranous; in lateral view, tapered apically; in ventral view, apex truncate, bearing line of subapical setae. Gonopod IX, rim-like, narrow, elongate. Segment X small, covered with sensilla. Cercus narrow, digitiform.

Distribution: Costa Rica.

Material examined: Paratypes: same data as holotype except: 21.x.2013 (♂ BIOUG20201-D06); 18.xi.2013 (♂ MZSP); 23.xii.2013 (♂ BIOUG28070-A05); 26.vii.2013 (♀ MZSP); 27.i.2014 (♀ BIOUG23963-A07); 23.ix.2013 (♀ BIOUG19826-E05); 21.viii.2013 (♀ BIOUG20201-D02); 21.viii.2013 (♀ BIOUG20201-D03). 26.viii.2013, Malaise trap (♀ pinned BIOUG19587-H05).

Remarks: The COI sequences of C. carlosdelarosai formed two clusters,the male paratypes from each cluster did not present any significant difference in the male genitalia ( Fig. 12 View Figure 12 ). The genetic distance between each cluster was 3.8%, with a mean intraspecific distance of 2%. The genetic distance between C. carlosdelarosai and C. rafamoralesi was 10%; and between C. trilineatum was 8.1%. The overall mean genetic distance between all included xiphocentronids was of 15.0%.

Currently, C carlosdelarosai is the only known female in the clade in which males have coxopodite with longer setal-brushes. In comparison with the females of the clade with C. yavapai and C. rafamoralesi , the female of C. carlosdelarosai has the gonopod VIII conspicuous at the sides of the segment IX, while in C. yavapai and C. rafamoralesi the gonopod VIII is completely fused with the segment IX and seen just as a narrow apodemelike structure. Also, C. yavapai and C. rafamoralesi have a pair of inner sclerites (gonopod IX) at the apex of the genitalia, but in C. carlosdelarosai they are not visible.