Botriurus aguardente, Santos-Da-Silva, Andria De Paula, Carvalho, Leonardo Sousa & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2017

Santos-Da-Silva, Andria De Paula, Carvalho, Leonardo Sousa & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2017, Two new species of Bothriurus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) from Northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 4258 (3), pp. 238-256 : 245-249

Botriurus aguardente n. sp.

Figs. 4 , 5 C–D

Type material. Male holotype from BRAZIL, State of Bahia: Abaíra (Serra do Barbado, District of Catolés , 1238 m.a.s.l., 13°17'9.1"S, 41°53'23.4"W), 02.XI.2013, A. Calor et al. col., deposited in UFMG 15322 . Paratype: same locality as holotype, 1 male, L.S. Carvalho & M.B. da Silva col. ( CHNUFPI 0984 ) .

Etymology. The name honors the municipality of Abaíra, known as the "city of cachaça" (cachaça or aguardente refers to alcoholic drinks obtained by destilation from sugar cane juice, in Brazil). The municipality is named after the Abaíra aguardente and its economy persist mainly of the trade of this beverage.

Diagnosis. The complex morphology of the hemispermatophore, in particular of the basal lobe (b.l.) divided into two portions also clearly indicate the inclusion of Bothriurus aguardente n. sp. in the asper species-group. B. aguardente n. sp. is closely related to B. delmari n. sp. by the presence of asymmetric hemispermatophores, morphology of the scoop-shaped f.c. ( Fig. 4 E) and a weak row of granules in anterior region of the carapace. Despite the similarity, B. aguardente n. sp. can be distinguished from other described species of the asper group by the following characters: (1) hemispermatophore with shorter distal lamina (L.) (L; Figs. 4 E–G), differing from B. delmari n. sp. in which L. longer than the basal portion; (2) distal portion of the b.l. of the left hemispermatophore, slightly curved, displaying only a small external spine that is more at the basis of this portion and one conspicuous projection with narrow edge at the distal tip of this structure, whereas Bothrirus aspe r displays various internal microspines; (3) internal portion of the b.l. spatula-shaped with twisted distal end ( Figs. 4 F,G, 5C), whereas the internal portion of the B. delmari n. sp. is hook-shaped and in B. asper is spatula-shaped but without the twisted distal end; (4) metasomal segments IV and V with two ventrolateral macrosetae ( Figs. 3 A, 4A), absent in B. asper ; (5) VL carinae of metasomal segment V, occupying the distal third of segment, not exceeding the arc-shaped ventral carinae, whereas in B. delmari n. sp. VL carinae exceeds slightly the arc-shaped ventral carinae; (6) VM carinae represented by weak intermediate granules ( Fig. 4 B), in contrast B. delmari n. sp. displays dispersed and abundant granule within the arc.

Description. Male (holotype, UFMG 15322). Coloration. General color ranging from yellowish to reddish brown, with dark patches and one yellow longitudinal stripe on tergites. Prosoma: median ocular tubercle and lateral eyes area, connected to a pair of dark diagonal patches coming out from the post-ocular area to the anterior margin of the carapace; dark and irregular pigmentation in the area immediately posterior to the lateral eyes and near the posterior margin of the carapace. Darker spots absent or slight depigmentation on posterior median furrow of the carapace. Chelicerae: yellowish with reticulate pigmentation, dark spots in the anterior region of the tibia and in movable finger. Fixed and movable finger with reddish teeth. Pedipalps: femur and patella reddish yellow with strong dark irregular spots, smooth and almost spotless pigmentation on the ventral surface; chela with soft longitudinal lines from the base to the fingers. Legs: yellowish, with dark spots on the prolateral and retrolateral sides. Coxosternal region, genital operculum and pectines yellowish, with weak spots in the coxa region. Mesosoma : tergites I–VI with two lateral dark bands that is reticulated in the anterior edge and completely dark in the posterior edge (occupying around 39% of the segment), separated in the median area of the segment by a yellow longitudinal median stripe; tergite VII with dark reticulated pigmentation in the anterior region. Sternites V to VII yellowish with darker soft spots in the lateral edge. Metasoma: reddish yellow, without stains on the dorsal surface of the segments I–IV, metasomal segments with lateral spots that converge ventrally with two U-shaped dark longitudinal ventral lateral stripes separated in the median area of the segments I–IV by a median area depigmented; segment V with dorsal and lateral surfaces with reticulate pigmentation and, ventrally, with two dark ventral submedian stripes that converge in the distal portion of segment and also has one ventral median stripe with area despigmented. Telson: reddish yellow with a ventral and a lateral pair of lighter longitudinal bands; vesicle with clear area in dorsal side; aculeus dark red.

Morphology. Total length: 21.7 mm (for detailed measurements, see Table 1 ). Carapace: Surface finely and evenly granulated; anterior margin with a weak granule row of granules; anterior median and anterior marginal furrows absent; median ocular, lateral, central median, posterior median and posterior lateral furrows present (the last three ones, well-marked) and posterior transverse furrows vestigial. Three pairs of subcontinuous lateral eyes, with the posterior eye being 20% smaller. One pair of median eyes separated by 0.7 mm from each other. Median ocular furrow more elevated than median eyes. Sternum: slit-like. Chelicerae: one subdistal tooth on movable finger. Pedipalps: with carinae and tegument finely granular (almost smooth), except in integument of the femur that has more evident granulation. Femur tricarinate, dorsoexternal, dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae present in the proximal half of the segment; tegument with well-developed granules between external and internal dorsal carina, and weaker granulation between dorsal and ventral internal carinae. Patella with weak dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae, almost smooth. Chela slightly robust, without carinae, only vestiges in the fixed fingers; tegument with very fine granulation, almost smooth, with discrete granules in the inner ventral medial region of the fixed finger; strong conical apophysis near base of movable finger, with a slight depression above the apophysis. Trichobothriotaxy: increased neobothriotaxy type C, with one accessory trichobothrium in V series of chela: femur with 3 trichobothria (1 d; 1 i; 1 e); patella with 19 (2 d; 1 i; 13 e; 3 v); chela with 27 (17 in manus: 1 Dt, 1 Db, 1 Est, 5 Et, 1 Esb, 3 Eb, 5 V; 10 trichobothria in fixed finger); patella with trichobothria eb 4 aligned with eb 3 – eb 5 and chela with Esb near to Eb2 and Eb3, forming a triangle. Legs: with fine granules. Tibial spur absent and basitarsal spurs well developed. Basitarsi with spiniform macrosetae (I: 2; II: 5 or 6; III and IV: 5); telotarsi I–IV with a ventromedian row of hyaline setae and ventrolateral row of spines on prolateral and retrolateral margins: tarsus I: 1/1; II: 2/2, III and IV: 3/3. Tergites: I–VI without carinae, VII with four short carinae in the posterior half, two paramedian and two lateral, with scattered granules in between (with a smooth area near the anterior margin of tergite). Sternites: finely granular and absent carinae; spiracles small and elliptic. Number of pectinal teeth: 20–20. Metasoma segments I–IV: DL carinae complete, more developed in the distal part of the segment; LSM incomplete characterized by strong posterior granules and absent on segment IV; LI carinae absent, but there are fine granules in the area between LSM and LI; area between LSM and DL carinae with some thin and scattered granules; VL and VSM absent. Metasomal segment V: DL carinae feeble, with a granule in the proximal and distal end of the segment; LM absent; area between DL and VL with few scattered granules; VL limited to posterior third, and connected with oblique VSM, together forming an arc (VL+VSM); VM represented by weak granulation within the arc. Chaetotaxy: ventral macrosetae of the metasoma as Fig. 4 A. Telson: with small oval vesicle and short aculeus, lateral and ventral surface with tegument finely granular, dorsal surface smooth with a clear spot on the dorsal surface of the vesicle. Hemispermatophore: L. short, wide and almost straight, however, slightly sloping in its basal part of the outer side of the lamina (posterior edge); d.c. paralel to the L. edge, divided by a transverse crest, with curved distal portion and straight and short proximal portion; f.c. small, slightly elevated on the base of L. (near proximal part of the hemispermatophore), however its external dorsal extremity strongly curved on scoop shaped; b.p. wide, longer than lamina (L.); b.f. present; lobe region complex occupying distal third of the b.p.; l.b. complex divided in internal and external portions. Left and right hemispermatophores asymmetric in the external portion. External portion of the b.l. of the left hemispermatophore slightly curved, almost straight, with a distal small external spine and a conspicuous projection with pointed tip; external portion of the b.l. of the right hemispermatophore conical, with a large external spine and one conspicuous projection pointed tip. Internal portion spatula-shaped with twisted distal portion, similar for both right and left hemispermatophores; c.c. welldeveloped, formed between the dorsal portion and external lobe (e.l.).

Variation. Male paratype with total body length (including telson) 21.7– 22 mm and 18/19 teeth in the pectines.

Distribution. Known only for the Serra do Barbado, district of Catolés in the municipality of Abaíra, in the central region of the Chapada Diamantina ( Fig. 1 G–H), one of the semiarid Caatinga ecoregions, in the State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil ( Fig. 6 ). The type specimens were collected in the lower parts of the Serra do Barbado (which reaches over 2000 m.a.s.l.), an area dominated by typical shrubby ( Fig. 1 H) and arboreal Caatinga vegetation and gallery forest ( Fig. 1 G) along the small shallow riverines.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus and habitat of Bothriurus asper (A, C, D), B. delmari n. sp. (B, E, F) and B. aguardente n. sp. (G, H): (A) Adult male of Bothriurus asper (CHNUFPI 891), from Palmares National Forest, Altos, Piauí, Brazil; (B) Juvenile of Bothriurus delmari n. sp. from Morro do Chapéu, Bahia (CHNUFPI 1737); (C) Shrubland caatinga at Serra da Capivara National Park, Coronel José Dias, Piauí, Brazil; (D) Semideciduous dry forest at Palmares National Forest, Altos, Piauí, Brazil; (E) Arboreal caatinga in Morro do Chapéu, Bahia, Brazil; (F) Shrubland caatinga in Morro do Chapéu, Bahia, Brazil; (G) Galery forest and at Serra do Barbado, district of Catolés, Abaíra, Bahia, Brazil; (H) Shrubland caatinga at Serra do Barbado, district of Catolés, Abaíra, Bahia, Brazil. Photos: L. S. Carvalho (A – G) and F. R. Q. Bravo (H).

FIGURE 3. Bothriurus delmari n. sp., male paratype IBSP-SC 6439 (A – B), female paratype IBSP-SC 6548 (C) and male holotype IBSP-SC 6548 (D – F): (A) Distribution of macrosetae on metasoma, ventral view; (B) male metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; (C) female metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; (D) left hemispermatophore, external view; (E) left hemispermatophore, internal view; (F) right hemispermatophore; internal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Bothriurus aguardente n. sp., holotype male, UFMG 15322: (A) distribution of macrosetae on metasoma, ventral view; (B) metasomal segment V, ventral view; (C) telson, lateral view; (D) metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; (E) left hemispermatophore, external view; (F) left hemispermatophore, internal view; (G) right hemispermatophore; internal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Hemispermatophore morphology of Bothriurus delmari n. sp. (holotype male, IBSP-SC 6548; A – B) and Bothriurus aguardente n. sp. (holotype male, UFMG 15322; C – D): (A, C) left hemispermatophore showing the basal lobe region, internal view; (B – D) right hemispermatophore showing basal lobe region, internal view. Scale bars: 0.33 mm (A – C); 0.5 mm (D).

FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of Bothriurus asper species-group: Bothriurus aguardente n. sp. (red square), Bothriurus delmari n. sp. (blue triangle); Bothriurus asper (yellow circles) and Bothriurus sp. (red star; data from Mattoni & Peretti, 2004). The grayish shaded area represents the Chapada Diamantina ecoregion.