Simulium jeteri ( Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005 )

Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Hamada, Neusa, Pepinelli, Mateus & Mardini, Lúcia B. L. F., 2019, Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae), Zootaxa 4563 (2), pp. 249-266 : 251-257

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E56480C4-EA6F-4B39-8AB2-02149A2033BB
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5933262
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C11544E-1739-FFD5-E0A4-9B21FEBBCC25
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Simulium jeteri ( Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005 )
status

Treatment

Simulium jeteri ( Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) View in CoL

Thyrsopelma jeteri Py-Daniel et al. 2005: 465 View in CoL –471. Holotype: female extracted from pupa and its pupal exuviae. Brazil: Rio

Grande do Sul State, Barracão municipality, Espigão Alto locality, Arroio Marmeleiro; 2.ix.1988, (Py-Daniel, V., Darwich,

S., Mardini, L. & Barbosa, U.C) (INPA n° 6284) (not examined). Simulium jeteri ; Hamada et al. 2006, Couceiro et al. 2014. Simulium (Thyrsopelma) jeteri ; Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias 2007: 685; Coscarón et al. 2008: 48. Simulium (Trichodagmia) jeteri ; Shelley et al. 2010: 432; Hernández 2011: 137; Adler & Crosskey 2008–2018 [Inventory].

Redescription. Male ( Figs 2A View FIGURE 2 , 3 View FIGURE 3 A–F, 4A–H, 5A–F, 15A–C). Body covered with silver pruinosity; generally dark brown. Body length (neck to abdominal tip) = 1.9–2.3 mm (n = 5); thorax, lateral length (neck to anterior region of hind wing articulation) = 0.7–0.73 mm (n = 5). Wing length (2.0– 2.2 mm), width (0.9–1.1 mm) (n = 3).

Head. Antenna ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ) of 11 articles with silver pruinosity; length = 0.3–0.4 mm (n = 3); scape yellowish brown, pedicel, and flagellomere dark brown. Eye brown. Clypeus with silver pruinosity. Palpus ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ): palpomere III dark brown, palpomere IV brown and palpomere V whitish brown; palpomere V about 3.8–4.2 times as long as palpomere III and 2.9–3.2 times as long as palpomere IV; sensory vesicle small, spherical, approximately 1/5 length of palpomere III (n = 6).

Thorax. Scutum with general coloration dark brown; with recumbent, thick, golden hairs (easily removed) ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 A–F). Scutal pattern varying slightly with incident light. With anterior light incidence ( Figs 3A, B View FIGURE 3 ): anterior region with 1 + 1 silver marks, subrectangular (best seeing without hairs). With posterior light incidence ( Figs 3C, D View FIGURE 3 ): anterior region with 1 + 1 silver marks, subrectangular (best seeing without hairs); posterior margin silver. Anepisternum and katepisternum grayish, with silver pruinosity. Scutellum orangish brown, with erect golden hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown, with silver pruinosity. Wing: costa with spine-like setae among hairlike setae; Sc mostly bare, 1/6 basal with 3–5 hair-like setae; R with hair-like setae along entire length; distal ¼ with spine-like setae ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Halter whitish, with base dark brown. Foreleg ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ): coxa, trochanter and femur brown, except by distal region of femur dark brown; tibia, basitarsus and tarsomeres dark brown. Middle and hind legs with similar color pattern ( Figs 4C, D View FIGURE 4 ): coxae, trochanters and femora brown, tibiae brown, except by proximal regions yellowish brown; basitarsi whitish brown, except by distal regions dark-brown; tarsomeres dark brown. Femora with abundant, filiform and narrow, scale-like setae ( Figs 4E, F View FIGURE 4 ).

Abdomen. Basal fringe with long, thin, brownish and blackish brown hairs; tergites brown, lateral areas of tergites II and V–VII with silver pruinosity. Gonocoxite and gonostylus ( Figs 5A, B, D View FIGURE 5 ) dark brown, except proximal region of gonocoxite translucent brown; gonostylus and distal region of gonocoxite covered with long, thick, brownish setae; in ventral view gonocoxite wider than long; gonostylus approximately 2.5 times longer than basal width and 2.8 times longer than gonocoxite length; gonostylus with one stout spine at apex. Ventral plate ( Figs 5C View FIGURE 5 , 15 View FIGURE 15 A–C): main body subrectangular, about 1.5 times wider than long, concave posteriorly; shoulder developed, approximately as long as the main body of the ventral plate; median projection developed and covered with thin setae; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ), base of median projection inserted medially, represented by small, rounded, invaginated region (arrow); in ventral view ( Fig. 15A View FIGURE 15 ), median projection longer than wide, with distal region enlarged and rounded, ventral keel evident; in lateral view ( Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 ), median projection elongated, rounded apex, with similar width along entire length, except base abruptly constricted, region below median projection with well-marked crenulations; in ventral view (with apex tilted dorsally) ( Fig. 15C View FIGURE 15 ) median projection club-shaped, with a ventral keel on basal half (arrow). Median sclerite rectangular, with a deep incision medially ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ). Paramere without spines; aedeagal membrane with spicules ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ).

Female ( Figs 2B View FIGURE 2 , 6 View FIGURE 6 A–D, 7A–D, 8A–E, 9A–G). Body covered with silver pruinosity; generally grayish. Body length (neck to abdominal tip) = 2.5–2.7 mm (n = 4); thoracic lateral length (neck to anterior region of hind wing articulation) 0.72 = 0.9–1.1 mm (n = 3). Wing length (2.3–2.5 mm), width (1.1–1.3 mm) (n = 3).

Head. Antenna ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ) of 11 articles with silver pruinosity; length = 0.4–0.6 mm (n = 3); scape and pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere light brown. Eye grayish brown. Frons about 1.7 times as long as wide ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ), dark gray, with silver pruinosity; fronto-ocular suture absent; nudiocular area weakly developed ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Maxillary palp ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ): palpomere III dark brown, palpomere IV brown and palpomere V light brown; palpomere V about 2.0–2.3 times as long as palpomere III, 4.0–4.3 times as long as palpomere IV; sensory vesicle small, spherical, approximately 1.8 as long as palpomere III. Mandible with 4–7 weak external serrations and 27–33 internal teeth (n = 6). Lacinia with 27–31 retrorse teeth (n = 6). Cibarium with sclerotized cornuae, medial area with small teeth ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ).

Thorax. Scutum dark gray; with recumbent golden hairs ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 A–D). Anepisternum and katepisternum grayish, with silver pruinosity. Scutellum grayish brown, with long, thick, erect, golden and black hairs posteriorly. Postnotum black with silver pruinosity. Wing: costa with spine-like setae among hair-like setae; Sc with thick setae along length, except distal region bare; R with hair-like setae along entire length, distal ¼ with spine-like setae ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Halter whitish, with dark brown base. Foreleg ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ): coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish brown, except by distal region of tibia dark brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres blackish. Middle and hind legs with similar color pattern ( Figs 7C, D View FIGURE 7 ): coxa and trochanter yellowish brown; femur brown, except distal region dark brown; tibia whitish, except distal region dark brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres dark brown. Hind legs with calcipala as long as wide, not reaching pedisulcus ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ), pedisulcus deeply excised. Tarsal claws untoothed ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ).

Abdomen: Basal fringe with long, thin, brown and blackish brown hairs; tergites dark gray, distal margins lighter, laterally with silver pruinosity. Cercus, in lateral view ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ), wider than long, with long, brown setae. Anal lobe, in lateral view ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ), sclerotized, with long brown setae; distal projection membranous, bell-shaped, almost as wide as long, short, with thin, short golden hairs; in ventrolateral view ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ), with distal projection subtriangular, longer than wide; in posteroventral view (in situ, after clearing as in Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 , and partially dissected as in Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ), distal projection medially directed; inner margin concave medially, forming 2 projections internally folded: one less prominent, rounded, and one longer, subtriangular. Hypogynial valves widely separated ( Fig. 9F View FIGURE 9 ), unsclerotized, rounded apically, with microtrichia. Genital fork ( Fig. 9E View FIGURE 9 ) with stem longer than lateral arms, slightly expanded apically; lateral arms forming broad U at junction with stem, rectangular distally; anteriorly directed apodeme well developed. Spermatheca ( Fig. 9G View FIGURE 9 ) subspherical, with cuticular microspines; spermathecal duct unpigmented.

Pupa (additional information) ( Figs 10 View FIGURE 10 A–C, 11). Cocoon dorsal length 2–3 mm (n = 8); ventral length 2.3–3.1 mm (n = 8); pupa lateral length 2.3–2.8 mm (n = 8).

Cocoon aperture not high (anterior region only slightly elevated and thorax not exposed), with anterior rim thickened; cocoon partially covering the gills ( Fig. 10A View FIGURE 10 ). Gill ( Figs 10 View FIGURE 10 A–C) with 15 grayish, short, rigid, robust filaments; filaments entirely covered with microspicules distributed in annular arrangement; filaments acuminated and strongly sclerotized apically; main trunk short, giving rise to five sets of primary branches: one anterior with three filaments, one anterolateral with two filaments, one external with two filaments, one internal and one posterior both with four filaments each; filaments branching at different heights and subequal in length, basal fenestra not evident. Abdomen tergite I brownish, strongly sclerotized; abdominal segment II with anterior region sclerotized ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ).

Larva (last-instar) (additional information): ( Figs 12A, B View FIGURE 12 ; 13A, B View FIGURE 13 ; 14 View FIGURE 14 A–C). Body length 4.5–5.7 mm (n = 8); head capsule lateral length 0.5–0.63 mm (n = 8).

Body coloration generally grayish green to reddish brown, whitish ventrally ( Figs 12A, B View FIGURE 12 ). Head capsule yellowish brown, some areas whitish ( Figs 13A, B View FIGURE 13 ; 14 View FIGURE 14 A–C). Postgenal cleft with brownish or greenish pigment ( Figs 14A, B View FIGURE 14 ); subesophageal ganglion pigmented ( Figs 14A, B View FIGURE 14 ). Ventral tubercles absent.

Bionomics. Immature stages of S. jeteri were collected in streams located on Atlantic Forest domain ranging from 2–50m in width ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 A–C). At the sampling sites, the streambed was composed of sand, boulders, and bedrock. Larvae and pupae were collected mainly on submerged trunks, branches and leaves, where the water current was very fast. In the sampled sites, S. jeteri was collected in sympatry with Simulium orbitale Lutz, 1910 and Simulium itaunense d’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964 . We have no information on the female feeding habits of this species; it was not collected biting humans during field work. More bionomic information is in the original description ( Py-Daniel et al. 2005).

Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State. São Marcos municipality, São Marcos River (29°02’04.9”S; 51°05’11.4”W), 07.IX.2004 and 10.V.2006, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols; Jaquirana municipality, Antas River (28°30’11.7”S; 50°10’32”W), 09.IX.2004, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols GoogleMaps ; Cambará do Sul municipality, Venâncios’s waterfalls (29°0’37”S; 50°9’11”W), 09.IX.2004, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols: (6 larvae and 6 pupae on slides, 4 larvae and 4 pupae in ethanol, 3 male and 3 female pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerine—INPA) GoogleMaps . Brasil, Santa Catarina State. Tangará municipality, Leão River (27°19’54”S; 51°19’21”W), 18.IX.2011, Hamada, N. col (4 larvae and 4 pupae on slides, 4 larvae and 4 pupae in ethanol—INPA) GoogleMaps .