Ampithoe Leach, 1814

Peart, Rachael A., 2007, A review of the Australian species of Ampithoe Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae) with descriptions of seventeen new species, Zootaxa 1566 (1), pp. 1-95 : 5-6

Ampithoe Leach, 1814

Ampithoe Leach, 1814: 403 [type species: Cancer (Gammarus) rubricatus Montagu, 1808 , by monotypy].— Barnard &

Karaman, 1991: 102-103.— Poore & Lowry, 1997: 898–900. Anisopus Templeton, 1836: 185 [type species: Anisopus dubius Templeton, 1836 , monotypy; junior homonym of Aniso-

pus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera)]. Amphitoe Dana, 1852: 213 . Amphithoe Dana, 1853: 935 .— Chevreux & Fage, 1925: 332.— Conlan & Bousfield, 1982: 45.— Conlan, 1982: 2016. Pleonexes Bate, 1857: 147 [type species: Pleonexes gammaroides Bate, 1857 , monotypy].

Diagnosis. Epistome and upper lip angle directed straight down, approximately 90 degrees to the head ventral margin. Antenna 1 accessory flagellum absent. Mandible molar well developed; palp 3-articulate. Lower lip outer plate notched. Maxilla 1 palp well developed. Coxae long. Gnathopod 1 sexually dimorphic, smaller than gnathopod 2, palm acute. Pereopod 3–4 basis narrow or expanded; merus anteriorly narrow or expanded. Pereopods 5–7 simple or prehensile. Pereopods 6–7 propodus subrectangular; distal articles slender or broad. Epimeron 3 without distoventral tooth. Uropod 1 position in situ, reaching to the apices of the rami of uropod 2; peduncle with distoventral spur absent or present but reduced and rounded in males, absent in females. Uropod 2 peduncle laterodistal projection absent. Uropod 3 rami broad; outer ramus with 2 large recurved distal robust setae. Telson subtriangular; cusps small or absent or expanded to form large hooks; denticles absent.

Species composition. Ampithoe contains 79 species (including subspecies). These are: A. africana K.H. Barnard, 1925 ; A. akuolaka J.L. Barnard, 1970 ; A. albomaculata Bate & Westwood, 1863 ; A. alluaudi Chevreux, 1901 ; A. aptos (J.L. Barnard, 1969 a) ; A. auriculata Rabindranath, 1972 ; A. boiana sp. nov.; A. brevipalma Kim & Kim, 1988 ; A. caddi Poore & Lowry, 1997 ; A. cookana sp. nov.; A. dalli Shoemaker, 1938 ; A. dentimana Mateus & Mateus, 1986 ; A. djakonovi Gurjanova, 1938 ; A. eremitis sp. nov.; A. fastidiosa Mateus & Mateus, 1991 ; A. ferox ( Chevreux, 1901) ; A. gammaroides ( Bate, 1856) ; A. geographe sp. nov.; A. grubiformis Reid, 1951 ; A. guaspare J.L. Barnard, 1979 ; A. helleri Karaman, 1975 ; A. hiana sp. nov.; A. hinatore J.L. Barnard, 1972 ; A. hirsutamanus Ortiz & Lemaitre, 1997 ; A. hyalos sp. nov.; A. kaneohe kaneohe J.L. Barnard, 1970 ; A. kaneohe navosa Myers, 1985 ; A. katae sp. nov.; A. kava Myers, 1985 ; A. koreana Kim & Kim, 1988 ; A. kuala Myers, 1985 ; A. kulafi J.L. Barnard, 1970 ; A. kussakini Gurjanova, 1955 ; A. lacertosa Bate, 1858 ; A. lafkui Appadoo & Myers, 2004 ; A. laxipodus Appadoo & Myers, 2004 ; A. longicarpus Appadoo & Myers, 2004 ; A. longimana Smith, 1873 ; A. macrocornutus ( Kensley, 1971) ; A. marcuzzii Ruffo, 1954 ; A. mascarenensis Appadoo & Myers, 2004 ; A. maxillissius Ledoyer, 1984 ; A. megaloprotopus Stebbing, 1895 ; A. meganae sp. nov.; A. merimbula sp. nov.; A. ngana Poore & Lowry, 1997 ; A. ningaloo sp. nov.; A. nobrei Mateus & Mateus, 1986 ; A. parakava sp. nov.; A. peronana sp. nov.; A. platycera Sivaprakasam, 1970 ; A. plumulosa Shoemaker, 1938 ; A. plumulosa tepahue J.L. Barnard, 1979 ; A. poipu J.L. Barnard, 1970 ; A. pollex Kunkel, 1910 ; A. pomboi Mateus & Afonso, 1974 ; A. pseudongana sp. nov.; A. rachanoi Peart, 2002 ; A. ramondi Audouin, 1826 ; A. riedli Krapp-Schickel, 1968 ; A. roly sp. nov.; A. rosema sp. nov.; A. rotunda sp. nov.; A. rubricata ( Montagu, 1808) ; A. rubricatoides Shoemaker, 1938 ; A. sectimanus Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 ; A. senegalensis Schellenberg, 1925 ; A. serraticauda Rabindranath, 1972 ; A. simulans Alderman, 1936 ; A. tahue J.L. Barnard, 1979 ; A. tarasovi Bulycheva, 1952 ; A. ulladulla sp. nov.; A. vacoregue J.L. Barnard, 1979 ; A. valida Smith, 1873 ; A. valida shimizuensis Kim & Kim, 1988 ; A. volki Gurjanova, 1938 ; A. waialua J.L. Barnard, 1970 ; A. youngsanensis Kim & Kim, 1988 ; A. zachsi Gurjanova, 1938 .

Distribution. Cosmopolitian.

Remarks. Ampithoe is a complex genus closely related to Plumithoe Barnard & Karaman, 1991 . The two genera are distinguishable by the absence of the peduncular spur on uropod 1 in Ampithoe and the presence of large tufts of plumose setae on the ventral margins of the first three peduncular articles of the second antenna in Plumithoe . Ampithoe is also superficially similar to Pseudopleonexes Conlan, 1982 , differing chiefly in the backwards angle of the epistome and upper lip, and the presence of a projection on the peduncle of the second uropod. Owing to strong sexual dimorphism, this key below is for male characters only.