Rhinolophus luctus, Temminck, 1834
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.3748525 |
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3809046 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2-FFFC-8A1A-FF01-FC38F526DBEB |
|
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
|
scientific name |
Rhinolophus luctus |
| status |
|
102 View On . Great Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus luctus View in CoL
French: Rhinolophe deuil /German: Grosse Wollhaar-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura lanoso grande
Other common names: Typical Woolly Horseshoe Bat, Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Taxonomy. Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1834 View in CoL ,
Tapos , Java, Indonesia .
Rhinolophus luctus is included in the trifoliatus species group. Taxonomic status of true R. luctus is currently uncertain. Based primarily on karyological and limited morphological data, three taxa previously included under R. luctus are now recognized as separate species: R.perniger , R. mono , and the recently described R. luctoides , all considered closely related species of the species complex. The exact distributional limits between these species are uncertain. Tentatively, R. luctus in a strict sense is restricted to the Sunda Islands, R. morio consists of lowland populations on the Malay Peninsula, R. luctoides consists of montane populations on the Malay Peninsula and possibly perhaps further north into the rest of South-east Asia, and R.perniger consists of the rest of the former distribution of this species from northern India to continental South-east Asia. Genetic data thus far has not been implemented across the distribution full of this species complex. However, specimens from China and Myanmar clustered with those of R. luctoides , whereas R. morio appeared as sister to this clade based on limited genetic data. A later study by M. Volleth and colleagues in 2017 involving further karyotypic data showed that specimens from China that morphologically resembled specimens from India had a distinct karyotype from R. luctoides and were recognized as a distinct species named herewith R.perniger . On the other hand, a specimen from Vietnam had a karyotype nearly identical to that of R luctoides and this specimen was dubbed R. cf. luctoides . The Vietnamese populations are tentatively included under R. pemiger here, but they may in fact be best included with R. luctoides with further study. Volleth and colleagues in 2015 discussed the possibility that there are multiple cryptic species within the R. luctus species complex living sympatrically throughout the distribution of the complex since there are a number of records through its distribution that do not match the typical description of R. luctus . This may be the case, but a very substantial review of the current material is needed before any more conclusions can be made. Relationships between various taxa within this clade need to be resolved more adequately and substantially using genetic, karyological, and morphological data. Two subspecies currently recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution.
R. l. luctus Temminck, 1834 — Sumatra, Java, and Bali I.
R. l. foetidus K.Andersen, 1918 - Borneo. View Figure
Descriptive notes. Head-body 89 mm, tail 38—52 mm, ear 28- 5—35 mm, hindfoot 19- 5 mm, forearm 63-4—68-5 71 - 4 mm; weight 27-37 g. Pelage is long and woolly; dorsal pelage is dark grayish brown to black with a frosted appearance due to the pale hair tips, while ventral pelage is similar but a more pronounced gray. Ears are moderately long and dull black to dark gray-brown. Noseleaf is dull black to dark gray-brown and has a well-developed and subacutely pointed lancet with a rounded tip; connecting process is broadly rounded and heavily reduced; sella is parallel-sided, and deflected downward and forwards at the tip, with large circular lappets at the base; intemarial cup has upturned edges; horseshoe is wide (12-2—18- 5 mm) and projects in front and on either side beyond the upper lip, and has a distinct and very deep median emargination that separates the horseshoe in two sides. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is very large and robust (zygomatic width is much larger than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are low or moderately developed and antero-posteriorly elongated, not reaching anteriorly to the upper border of the nasal orifice; posterior swellings are reduced and shifted laterally; frontal depression is very deep and elongated; sagittal crest is exceptionally high and suddenly elevated after the junction of the prominent and blade-like supraorbital crests. C1 is very strong, massive, and short; P2 is large to medium-sized and within the tooth row or slightly extruded from it; P3 is very variable in size and placement, and P2 and P4 can range from separated to touching, based on its position.
Habitat. Recorded in tropical forest from lowlands up to 1600 m.
Food and Feeding. No information.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. The Great Woolly Horseshoe Bat roosts in rocky outcrops, rock crevices, niches in cliffs, shallow holes in earth banks, tree roots, and hollow trees. Its flight is low,just above the ground.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Great Woolly Horseshoe Bat roosts solitarily or in pairs, rarely in small groups.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN ed List. The taxonomy and distribution of the Great Woolly Horseshoe Bat are highly uncertain at present, and much further study is needed before a proper assessment of status and threats can be made.
Bibliography. Huang, J. C. C. eta /. (2014), Khan eta /. (2007), Miller (1942), Volleth, Loidl eta /. (2015), Volleth, Nguyen Truong Son eta/. (2017), Walston eta/. (2008b).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
|
Kingdom |
|
|
Phylum |
|
|
Class |
|
|
Order |
|
|
Family |
|
|
Genus |
Rhinolophus luctus
| Burgin, Connor 2019 |
Rhinolophus luctus
| Temminck 1834 |