Rhinolophus convexus, Csorba, 1997

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 314

71 . Convex Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus convexus

French: Rhinolophe convexe / German: Cameron-Highlands-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura convexo

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus convexus Csorba, 1997 ,

“ Gunung Jasar, Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands , Pahang State, Malaysia (4°28’N, 101°22’E), 1,600 m elevation .”

Rhinolophus convexus is included in the pusillus species group, although its relationship to other Rhinolophus species is still unclear. Monotypic.

Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor and Pahang states) and possibly N Laos, although identity of Laotian specimens is uncertain.

Descriptive notes. Tail 18-22 mm, ear 15-16 mm, forearm 42-43 mm; weight 7-2-8- 2 g. Dorsal pelage is rich russet-brown, ventral pelage is paler. Ears are small. Noseleaf has short, parallel-sided lancet with blunt, broadly rounded tip and convex lateral margins; connecting process is long and slender with concave anterior margin in lateral view, continuously sloping toward the base of sella, being hook-shaped; sella gradually narrows toward tip, which curves downward; horseshoe does not cover muzzle (c.7- 5 mm wide), has shallow median emargination, and has lateral leaflets. Skull is ofmoderate build (zygomatic width is slightly greater than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are low and slightly shorter than they are wide; posterior swellings are moderately developed; sagittal crest is low but conspicuous; frontal depression is shallow; supraorbital ridges are sharp. C1 is relatively slender; P2 is medium-sized and in line with tooth row; P3 is small and extruded from tooth row, although P and P4 are separated by conspicuous gap.

Habitat. Upper montane forest in Peninsula Malaysia, at c. 1600 m.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. The holotype was a pregnant female collected in late March.

Activity patterns. Call shape in Laos (identity of this population is uncertain) is FM/ CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 92 kHz.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN ed List. The Convex Horseshoe Bat is known with certainty only by the holotype; it appears to have a very restricted distribution. Virtually nothing is known of the species’ ecology; further studies are needed.

Bibliography. Csorba (1997), Csorba, Bumrungsri, rancis, Görföl & Bates. (2016), Csorba, Ujhelyi & Thomas (2003), rancis (2008 a), Thomas et at. (2013).

Figures

On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};

Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia (Selangor and Pahang states) and possibly N Laos , although identity of Laotian specimens is uncertain.