Rhinolophus coelophyllus, Peters, 1867

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 321-322

88 . Croslet Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus coelophyllus

French: Rhinolophe de Peters / German: Thai-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura thai

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus coelophyllus Peters, 1867 ,

“ Moulmein [= Mawlamyine], Burmah [= Burma = Myanmar] ... Salween valley. ”

Rhinolophus coelophyllus is included in the euryotis species group. It is considered to be closely related to R. shameli , based on morphology; the two are often confused, and some records of each were previously attributed to the wrong species. Monotypic.

Distribution. NC, C & SE Myanmar, Thailand (including Tarutao I), C Laos, and NW Peninsular Malaysia (including Langkawi I).

Descriptive notes. Head-body 36-50 mm, tail 16-4-23- 9 mm, ear 15- 1-20 mm, hindfoot 7-8-9- 6 mm, forearm 41-6-47- 8 mm; weight 6-2-8- 6 g. There is considerable geographic variation in terms of skull measurements. Dorsal pelage varies from grayish brown to dark brown, with some individuals reddish brown (base of hairs paler); ventral pelage is pale buff brown and can be nearly creamy white in some individuals, or pale orange in reddish individuals. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has very short, thick lancet with convex outline; connecting process is arched and proximally inserted into densely haired vertical fissure in lancet; sella is short, with almost parallel or continuously convergent sides and rounded tip; horseshoe is moderately wide (8-2-10- 4 mm) and has weakly developed lateral leaflets. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is moderately built (zygomatic width is slightly greater than mastoid width); sagittal crest is moderately developed; anterior median swellings are inflated and distinctly elevated above posterior swellings; anterior border of rostrum is shorter than in Shamel’s Horsehsoe Bat (. shameli ); nasal swelling as whole is smaller than in Shamel’s Horsehsoe Bat; frontal depression is deep and pronounced with well-defined supraorbital ridges, although specimens from central and north Myanmar have less developed depressions and supraorbital ridges; canines are slender. P2 is moderately large and within the tooth row; P3 is small and extruded from tooth row; P and P4 are touching. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62, FN = 64, and FNa = 60 ( Thailand).

Habitat. The Croslet Horseshoe Bat seems to favor limestone karst regions with mixed deciduous forest but can also be found in a variety of other habitats, including deciduous dipterocarp forests, moist evergreen forests, hill evergreen forests, dry evergreen forests, pine forests, rubber plantations, orchards, and extensive agricultural land. Throughout the species’ distribution, it can be found from near sea level up to 1500 m elevation.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. Pregnant females were captured in March, and an immature male was captured in October on Tarutao Island.

Activity patterns. Croslet Horseshoe Bats roost in caves and tunnels by day. Calls are a FM/CF/FM shape with a peak F recorded at 76-1-84-8 kHz across Thailand, 75- 80 kHz in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, 74-5—74-9 kHz in Myanmar, and 76 kHz in Laos.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Croslet Horseshoe Bats roost in relatively large colonies, often with c.100-150 individuals. Up to 900 bats have been recorded roosting in a single cave.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN ed List. The Croslet Horseshoe Bat is relatively widespread and common throughout its distribution and does not seem to face any major threats at present.

Bibliography. Bates, Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008 c), Bates, Thi Mar-Mar et al. (2004), Harada, Minezawa et al. (1982), Harada, Yenbutra, Yosida &Takada (1985), Hill &Thonglongya (1972), Hood et al. (1988), Ith, Soisook et al. (2011), Patawang et al. (2017), Struebig et al. (2005).

Figures

On following pages: 78. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryotis); 79. Sulawesi Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus tatah; 80. Poso Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus belligerator); 81. Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis); 82. Arcuate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus arcuatus); 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus inops); 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subrufus); 85. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rufus); 86. Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis); 87. Homfray's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis); 88. Croslet Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus coelophyllus); 89. Shamel's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shameli); 90. Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus microglobosus); 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno).

Distribution. NC, C & SE Myanmar , Thailand (including Tarutao I), C Laos , and NW Peninsular Malaysia (including Langkawi I).