Rhinolophus sinicus, K. Andersen, 1905
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https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.3748525 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808964 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2-FFE1-8A06-F899-F4EFF9BFD35B |
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Plazi |
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Rhinolophus sinicus |
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93 View On . Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus sinicus View in CoL
French: Rhinolophe de Chine I German: Rotbraune. China-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura rufo de China
Other common names: Chinese Horseshoe Bat, Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat
Taxonomy. Rhinolophus rouxi [sic] sinicus K. Andersen, 1905 View in CoL ,
“ Chin Tah , Anhwei [= Anhui Province], Lower Yangtse [River ],” China.
Rhinolophus sinicus is included in the rouxii species group and appears to be sister to R. thomasi . True R. sinicus is composed of three genetic lineages in the eastern, central, and Hainan portion ofits distribution while R.s. septentrionalis is sister to. thomasi, suggesting that the former is distinct at the species level. Rhinolophus sinicus was previously included in R rouxii , but shows substantial morphological, genetic, and karyological differences. There appears to be some ambiguity regarding the distribution of this species and R rouxii in published records: north Indian records previously attributed to. rouxii are now considered to refer to R.sinicus . There may also be some ambiguity regarding the distribution of this species in South-east Asia, as it is often confused with R. thomasi . Validity of races needs to be tested. Two subspecies are currently recognized, although they likely represent two distinct species, pending further revision.
Subspecies and Distribution.
R. s. sinicus K.Andersen, 1905 - N India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland), Nepal, N Myanmar,, S & SE China (Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan I), and N & C Vietnam.
R.s. septentrionalis Sanborn, 1939 — S China (Yunnan). View Figure
Descriptive notes. Head-body 43-53' 5 mm, tail 21- 5—30 mm, ear 15- 8-20 mm, hindfoot 7- 5-10 mm, forearm 43-56 mm; weight 8-9-10- 9 g. Dorsal pelage is wood brown, occasionally with reddish tint; ventral pelage is slightly lighter. Ears are small. Noseleaf has hastate lancet that constricts before variably long to short tip; connecting process is rounded, as in the Indian Rufous Horseshoe Bat (. rouxii ); sella is virtually parallelsided, and widely rounded off at tip; horseshoe is relatively wide (8-1-8- 2 mm) but does not completely cover muzzle, and there are usually clearly visible and well developed lateral leaflets. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is massive and robust (zygomatic width is always much larger than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are relatively small; posterior swellings are moderately developed; rostral profile is concave; sagittal crest is moderate to high; frontal depression is shallow; supraorbital crests are low but visible. C1 is well developed and long; P2 is moderate in size and within tooth row or slightly extruded from it; P3 is medium-sized to small and partly to fully extruded from tooth row; P2 and P4 are touching or almost touching. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 60 (mainland China and Hainan).
Habitat. The Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat is typically a forest species, occurring in montane forests with heavy rainfall. It has been reported from disturbed forests in Nepal and from thick moist tropical forest with some bamboo in Myanmar. Recorded at elevations of 500-2769 m, being commonest at higher altitudes.
Food and Feeding. The Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat forages for insects by aerialhawking and occasionally perch-hunting.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bats roost in caves, old disused tunnels, temples, houses, wells, and hollows in trees. They leave their roosts just after dusk to forage through the night. In colder portions of their range, they hibernate through the winter. Calls are FM/CF/FM shaped with a peak GF recorded at c.79-87 kHz across China and Hainan, and at 80 kHz in Vietnam.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat roosts singly (usually males) or in colonies varying in size from a few individuals to several hundred. During the breeding season, females form large maternity colonies that can consist of several hundred bats.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat is widespread and relatively common throughout its distribution, and does not seem to be facing any major threats currently. It may be locally threatened by roost disturbance and general habitat loss.
Bibliography. Ao Lei et al. (2007), Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Csorba, Molur & Srinivasulu (2008a), Bates, Thi Mar-Mar et al. (2004), Csorba et al. (2003), Francis (2008a), Kruskop (2013a), Mao Xiuguang, Dong Ji et al. (2014), Mao Xiuguang, He Guimei et al. (2013), Mao Xiuguang, Tsagkogeorga et al. (2019), Molur et al. (2002), Smith &XieYan (2008), Stoffberg et al. (2010), Wu Yi & Harada (2005), Wu Yi, Harada & LiYanhong (2004), Wu Yi, Motokawa et al. (2009), Xie Lifen et al. (2017), Zhang Lin et al. (2018), Zhang Weidao (1985).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Rhinolophus sinicus
| Burgin, Connor 2019 |
Rhinolophus rouxi [sic] sinicus
| K. Andersen 1905 |