Rhinolophus malayanus, Bonhote in Annandale, 1903

Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 280-332 : 310

61 . Malayan Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus malayanus

French: Rhinolophe de Malaisie / German: Malaya-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Malasia

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus malayanus Bonhote in Annandale & H.. Robinson, 1903,

“ Biserat,Jalor, ” Thailand .

Tentatively included in the megaphyllus group but its placement here is uncertain; further genetic work is needed. Rhinolophus malayanus is generally considered to be close to. stheno , but they do not cluster together in genetic studies. Exact placement of. malayanu s in relation to other Rhinolophus is still uncertain but the most recent genetic study placed it as sister to R. acuminatus , forming a clade sister to much of the megaphyllus , pusillus , philippinensis , and macrotis groups. Monotypic.

Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and N Peninsular Malaysia along with Tarutao and Langkawi Is.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 36-1-55- 8 mm, tail 15-26- 9 mm, ear 12-7-19- 3 mm, hindfoot 5-8—9- 6 mm, forearm 38- 2—44 mm; weight 4-5—9- 7 g. Dorsal pelage is either brown (brown morph) or bright cinnamon (orange morph), whereas ventral pelage is either buff or whitish. Ears are of medium size. Noseleaf has triangular lancet with concave or nearly parallel lateral margins and elongated tip; connecting process is rounded; sella is relatively wide with broadly rounded top, and lateral margins are almost parallel; horseshoe is relatively broad (6- 6-9 mm) and nearly completely covers muzzle, has moderately developed lateral leaflets, and a shallow but present median emargination. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is moderately robust and zygomatic width is only slightly larger than mastoid width; anterior median swellings are well developed and wider than they are long; posterior compartments are well inflated; sagittal crest is rather weak; frontal depression is relatively elongate but shallow; supraorbital crests are more or less distinct P2 is of medium size, with distinct cusp, and is within tooth row, separating C1 and P4; P 3 is small and slightly to almost completely extrudes labially from tooth row, which allows P2 and P4 to touch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FNa = 60.

Habitat Mainly recorded from areas with limestone karst and sandstone mountains for roosting. Malayan Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in lowland mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, highly disturbed dry dipterocarp forest, and agricultural areas, indicating that the species is resilient in response to disturbance. It is found at elevations from sea level up to c. 1400 m.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. Pregnant females were captured in late February in Cambodia.

Activity patterns. The Malayan Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal, roosting in limestone caves during the day. Torpid individuals have been captured in day roosts during July, in western Thailand. Call shape is FM/CF/FM with peak F recorded at 72—80 kHz in northern Thailand, 82—86 in central Thailand, 83—91 kHz in southern Thailand, 75— 82 kHz in Cambodia, 76-79 kHz in Myanmar, and 77—80 kHz in Laos.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Malayan Horseshoe Bats roost in colonies, with up to 3000 individuals recorded in one cave in western Thailand.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There do not seem to be any major threats currently affecting this widespread species.

Bibliography. Bates, Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008b), Csorba eta/. (2003), Francis (2008a), Harada, Minezawa et al. (1982), Kruskop (2013a), Soisook (2008), Soisook et al. (2008), Stoffberg et al. (2010), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).

Figures

On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};

Distribution. Myanmar , Thailand , Laos , Vietnam , Cambodia , and N Peninsular Malaysia along with Tarutao and Langkawi Is.