Cantoria violacea Girard, 1858a
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:78E23714-8973-4755-BC94-0A751D7D2B37 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968031 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73-FF56-B8BB-FF6B-405D787408D1 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Cantoria violacea Girard, 1858a |
status |
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Cantoria violacea Girard, 1858a View in CoL — Native.
Cantoria violacea Girard, 1858a: 182 View in CoL . Holotype: USNM 5523 About USNM , by original designation. Type locality: “ Singapore ”.
Cantor’s Water Snake
( Figure 23G View FIGURE 23 )
Singapore records.
Cantoria violacea View in CoL — Girard, 1858a: 182.— Girard, 1858b: 156.
Cantoria elongata Ģnther, 1864 : xx, 277.—Theobald, 1876: 229.
Cantoria violacea View in CoL — Boulenger, 1890a: 381.—Sclater, 1891a: 55.— Boulenger, 1896: 24.— Flower, 1896: 888.— Flower, 1899: 679.— Hanitsch, 1899: 12 (“near Cross Street School”).—Ridley, 1899: 208.— Boulenger, 1912: 165.— Hanitsch, 1912b: 16.— de Rooij, 1917: 191.—Sworder, 1923: 66.— Buddle, 1929: 36 (Sembawang Naval Base [= SML]).— Smith, 1943: 399.— de Haas, 1950: 579.— Gyi, 1970: 186.—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 147.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 105.— David & Vogel, 1996: 112.— Manthey & Grossmann, 1997: 330.—Chan-ard et al., 1999: 31.— Iskandar & Colijn, 2001: 87.— Jayne et al., 2002: 143.— Karns et al., 2002: 488 (Pasir Ris Park Mangroves).—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 147.— Anonymous, 2003: 92 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).— Karns et al., 2005: 86.—J.C. Murphy, 2007: 59.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 109, 161.—K.K.P. Lim et al., 2008: 165, 265.—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2008: 167.—P.Z. Chen, 2010: 195.— Das, 2010: 325.—J.C. Murphy, 2011: 233.—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 502.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 109, 161.— Das, 2012a: 105.—Voris & J.C. Murphy, 2012: 195.—J.C. Murphy & Voris, 2014: 11.—Wallach et al., 2014: 148.—Chan-ard et al., 2015: 246.— Vogrinc, 2017: 205 (Pasir Ris Park Mangroves).— Das, 2018: 123.—Jayne et al., 2018: 638.— O’Shea, 2018: 538.— Charlton, 2020: 95 (Pasir Ris Park Mangroves).—S.J.M. Yau & Kamisan, 2020: 143 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).
Remarks. Cantoria violacea was described as a new species by Girard (1858a, b) from specimen USNM 5523 collected in Singapore some time around 1842 by the U.S. Exploring Expedition ( Table 1 View TABLE 1 ). Shortly thereafter, Ģnther (1864) redescribed the specimen as a new species, ‘ C. elongata ’, because Girard (1858a) stated that C. violacea was identical to ‘ Coronella violacea ’ [= Oligodon cyclurus ], which is incorrect. Sclater (1891) reported the second specimen of C. violacea from a specimen deposited at ZSI. Later, Hanitsch sent a specimen (ZRC.2.3316) collected on 29 August 1898 by Hellier near Cross Street Primary School ( Hanitsch 1899) to Flower for identification ( Flower 1899). This area was previously surrounded by mangrove forest (Yee et al. 2011). After Buddle (1929) collected three specimens at SNB, C. violacea was not reported again from Singapore until 82 years later ( Table 2 View TABLE 2 ) during Karns et al. (2002) study of homalopsids at PRPM. The only other records of C. violacea from Singapore comes from Vogrinc (2017) who published a note on the largest C. violacea measured, and from Yau & Kamisan (2020) who found a dead one on a trail at SBWR on 8 July 2020. LKCNHM has specimens from 1929, 1967, 1977, and 2001, and BPBM 7203 was collected on 12 December 1955. The individual shown in Figure 23G View FIGURE 23 was photographed at PRPM on 23 November 2014 (A. Figueroa pers. obs.). After B. hydroides , C. violacea is the rarest homalopsid in Singapore. Karns et al. (2002) only found four C. violacea during their study compared to 19 F. leucobalia, 31 G. prevostiana , and 156 C. schneiderii .
Occurrence. Restricted to mangroves of LCK, PRPM, and SBWR. Rare.
Singapore conservation status. Endangered.
Conservation priority. Highest.
IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2010].
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Changi : ZRC.2.6481 (28-Apr-1967) ; Cross Street Primary School: ZRC.2.3316 (29-Aug-1898) ; Lim Chu Kang Mangroves: ZRC.2.3672 (18-Aug-1977) , ZRC.2.4991 (19- Apr-2001) ; Pasir Ris [ PPM] : ZRC.2.5000 (30-Mar-2001) ; Seletar : ZRC.2.3317 (Feb-1929) .
Additional Singapore museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): BPBM, USNM.
Singapore localities. Changi—Cross Street—Lim Chu Kang Mangroves—Pasir Ris Park Mangroves—Seletar (not specified)—Sembcorp Marine Ltd.*—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.
Genus Cerberus Cuvier, 1829 (1 species)
Cerberus Cuvier, 1829: 2 (type species: Coluber cerberus Daudin, 1803 , by absolute monotypy; gender masculine).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Cantoria violacea Girard, 1858a
Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P. 2023 |
Cantoria violacea
Charlton, T. 2020: 95 |
Das, I. 2018: 123 |
Das, I. 2012: 105 |
Chen, P. Z. 2010: 195 |
Das, I. 2010: 325 |
Karns, D. R. & Murphy, J. C. & Voris, H. K. & Suddeth, J. S. 2005: 86 |
Anonymous 2003: 92 |
Jayne, B. C. & Voris, H. K. & Ng, P. K. 2002: 143 |
Karns, D. R. & Voris, H. K. & Goodwin, T. G. 2002: 488 |
Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. 2002: 147 |
Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E. 2001: 87 |
Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997: 330 |
David, P. & Vogel, G. 1996: 112 |
Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. 1994: 105 |
Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. 1992: 147 |
Gyi, K. K. 1970: 186 |
de Haas, C. P. J. 1950: 579 |
Buddle, R. 1929: 36 |
de Rooij, N. 1917: 191 |
Boulenger, G. A. 1912: 165 |
Hanitsch, R. 1912: 16 |
Flower, S. S. 1899: 679 |
Hanitsch, R. 1899: 12 |
Boulenger, G. A. 1896: 24 |
Flower, S. S. 1896: 888 |
Boulenger, G. A. 1890: 381 |
Cantoria violacea
Girard, C. 1858: 182 |
Cantoria violacea
Girard, C. 1858: 182 |
Girard, C. 1858: 156 |