Scruparia ambigua ( d’Orbigny, 1841 )

Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Min, Bum Sik, Noh, Geon Woo & Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun, 2022, Three newly recorded species of Korean fouling bryozoans, Journal of Species Research 11 (3), pp. 180-187 : 184

2. Scruparia ambigua ( d’Orbigny, 1841) ( Fig. 2)

Eucratea ambigua d’Orbigny, 1841: 11 . Scruparia ambigua : Ryland and Hayward, 1991: 25;

Gordon and Mawatari, 1992: 17; Hayward and Ryland,

1998: 108.

Material examined. Korea: Gangwon-do: Gangneung, Geumjin Port , 31 October 2003 : Jeollanam-do: Geomundo Island , 20 June 2020; MABIK IV00172396 , Jeju Island: Hangaechang in Munseom Island , 20 April 2012 .

Substratum. Other bryozoan: Amastigia xishaensis , Ijimaiellia ijimai , and Tricellaria inopinata .

Description. Colony delicate, encrusting, composed of erect from creeping, uniserial chains of zooids ( Fig. 2A). Zooids smooth, slender, club-shaped, comprising oval dilatation and thin proximal tube by expand from a narrow proximal to central, 0.34-0.42 mm long (0.38± 0.03 mm) ( Fig. 2B). Mural rim raised. Gymnocyst smooth, narrow distally and laterally, tapering proximally; proximal tube with weak transverse striae. Opesia large, rectangle, almost parallel to the basal wall of zooid, 0.13- 0.19 mm long (0.15± 0.02 mm), 0.06-0.09 mm wide (0.07± 0.01 mm), occupying 38-45% of zooidal length ( Fig. 2B, C). Operculum semicircular. Budding of erect zooid from proximal side of opesia of creeping zooid; creeping zooid budding distally ( Fig. 2B, C). Reproductive zooids arising as erect zooids from creeping zooids. Ovicell distinct bivalved, large, oval, like an ice cream cone, distal to a maternal zooid, partially overhanging orifice ( Fig. 2D). Spines and avicularia lacking.

Distribution. Cosmopolitan, including Korea (East Sea, South Sea, and Jeju Island).

Remarks. In the genus Scruparia , three species have been recognized worldwide: Scruparia ambigua ( d’Orbigny, 1841) , S. chelata (Linnaeus, 1758) , and S. spiralis Hasenbank, 1932 . In regard to distribution, Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus, 1758) was recorded from the Europe and North Atlantic Ocean and S. spiralis was found from the Indian Ocean. Scruparia ambigua from Korea is known to be cosmopolitan (http://bryozoa.net- 1 May 2022), except in polar waters ( Hayward and Ryland, 1998) ( Table 3).