M. celosioides (Spreng.) Moq. ex Sennikov & Sukhor., comb. nov.

Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Sennikov, Alexander N., Nilova, Maya V., Mazei, Yuri, Kushunina, Maria, Marchioretto, Maria Salete & Hanacek, Pavel, 2019, Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales, PhytoKeys 115, pp. 1-50 : 18-19

2. M. celosioides (Spreng.) Moq. ex Sennikov & Sukhor., comb. nov.

Galenia celosioides Spreng., Nov. Prov.: 18 (1818). ≡ Aphananthe celosioides (Spreng.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 383 (1821). Neotype (designated here by Sennikov & Sukhorukov): BRAZIL. Bahia, Mucuri, März [March] 1816, Maximilian, Prinz zu Wied 53 (BR0000005575398! Fig. 14 ). Notes. Although Galenia celosioides was synonymized with Microtea maypurensis ( Moquin-Tandon 1849, Schmidt 1872, Walter 1909, Nowicke 1968) or M. debilis ( Steudel 1841), the protologue ( Sprengel 1818) contains the phrases "flosculi … brevissime pedicellati … styli duo" [flowers very shortly pedicellate, styles two], the characters found in M. celosioides . The description did not include reference to the presence of hooked outgrowths, a peculiar feature of M. maypurensis , and the short pedicels and two styles also exclude this species. Nevertheless, Moquin-Tandon (1849) reported his former intention to transfer Sprengel’s name to Microtea , apparently on the basis of his analysis of its protologue. He changed his mind probably because he did not examine the original material of the name. Galenia celosioides was introduced anonymously to the Berlin Botanical Garden, from which it was described as new to science by the end of 1818 ( Sprengel 1818). Although the source of introduction was not recorded, among European plant collectors in Brazil it was only Alexander Philipp Maximilian, Prince of Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), who collected specimens early enough to bring the material to Berlin before the protologue of G. celosioides had been published. Prince Maximilian travelled in Brazil during 1815-1817, in the States of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Espírito Santo, mostly along the coast. He left for Europe in May 1817 and arrived at Lisbon on 1st July. Very shortly after the arrival he started to distribute dried specimens, seeds and even living collections which he donated to botanical experts and gardens in Germany and Belgium. Large amounts of seeds were sent to Ghent, Antwerp and Enghien, but it is unknown which seeds were sent to Germany ( Moraes 2009). A herbarium voucher of M. paniculata numbered 53 by C.G.D. Nees von Esenbeck, a German botanist who received a large set of specimens from Prince Maximilian for collaborative work, can be found in the Nees herbarium at BR. This number was cited by Walter (1909) as referable to M. paniculata (specimen destroyed at B). Along with the characters stated in the protologue of G. celosioides , this fact provides indirect evidence that Prince Maximilian’s collections were the likely source of the introduction of G. celosioides to the Botanical Garden in Berlin. There are no specimens of the original material of G. celosioides in existence, which probably was acquired by B and then destroyed ( Stafleu and Cowan 1985). Since the characters of the Prince Maximilian’s specimen at BR are in good agreement with the protologue of G. celosioides , we designate this specimen as a neotype of the species name. This name is therefore the earliest one available for the species also known as M. paniculata .

M. paniculata Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 18 (1849), syn. nov. Lectotype (designated by Nowicke 1968: 350): BRAZIL. Bahia, "Serra Jacobina" [Villa do Barra, according to Moquin-Tandon (1849)], [1837], Blanchet 2709 (K000601204! isolectotype P00743956!).

M. longebracteata H.Walter, Pflanzenr. (Engler) 39: 129 (1909), syn. nov. Lectotype (Sennikov & Sukhorukov, designated here): BRAZIL. Prov. Bahia, zwischen den Campos und Vittoria, [1815], Sellow 359 (B 10 0250568! isolectotypes - B 10 0250569! B 10 0250570!). Note: The main character distinguishing M. longebracteata from M. paniculata is the length of the bracts that is equal to those of the flowers ( Walter 1909). However, the length of the bracts in both taxa is equal to that of the flower buds, and the length of fully opened flowers is greater than the length of the subtending bract.

Description.

Annuals or biennials; stems erect, up to 100 cm; leaves petiolate (petioles up to 2.0 cm), blades 3.0-10.0(12.0) cm long, 0.2-2.0 cm wide, cuneate, lanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate, glabrous or their margins and mid-rib below covered with papillae; inflorescence a spike, long and spreading, whip-like; flowers with a bract and two filiform bracteoles (often not well-visible), bracts longer than flowers at the beginning, then equal to the perianth segments; pedicels up to 1.0 mm at fruiting, perianth segments 5, oblong or ovoid; stamens 5-8; stigmas 2, thick; fruit with scattered short outgrowths, fruit body (1.0)1.1-1.4 × 0.9-1.1 mm, 1.5-2 times as long as the perianth (Fig. 4E, F ); pericarp readily scraped off the seed; seed ~1.0 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 4H ).

Habitat.

Forest margins, roadsides, river banks, on sandy and rocky substrates; altitudes up to 1000 m a.s.l.

Distribution.

(Fig. 15 ) Eastern South America.

Specimens examined.

BRAZIL (selected specimens): Alagoas: Maceió, 4 Sep 1987, S. Tsugaru & Y. Sano B-1470 (NYBG01014516 - image!); Bahia: Gloria Mun., Barra do Tarrachil, 17 Jul 1962, G. Eiten & L.T. Eiten 4966 (K); Victoria da Conquista, 17 Jan 1965, E. Pereira & G. Pabst 34875 (M); Rio Cumbuca, Mucugê, 4 Feb 1974, R.M. Harley 15971 (K, P04598066, U1473440); Serra de Itiuba, Itiuba, 19 Feb 1974, R.M. Harley 16204 (P04598067, U1473439); Milagres, 6 Mar 1977, R.M. Harley 19451 (U1473444); Morro do Chapéu Mun., 980 m, 1 Jun 1980, R.M. Harley 22970 (E, K, U1473442); Cachoeira do ferro Doido, Morro do Chapéu, 30 Nov 1980, A. Furlan & al. s.n. (PACA 76292); Ceará: Cedro, May 1933, Ph. von Luetzelburg 26522 (M); Jaguaribe Mun., Maciço do Pereiro, 12 Apr 2011, A.M. Miranda & K. Manso 6327 (HUEFS178925 - image!); Distr. Federal: Brasilia, 27 Oct 1965, H.S. Irwin et al. 9600 (LE); Paranoá, 13 Dec 1965, H.S. Irwin & al. 11258 (IAN122990 - image!); Espírito Santo: Linhares, 20 Apr 2011, J. Meirelles et al. 624 (HUEFS193997 - image!); Goiás: Serra Dourada, 19 Jan 1966, H.S. Irwin & al. 11812 (NYBG00864091 - image!); Maranhão: Loreto Mun., Loreto city, 11 Feb 1970, G. Eiten & L.T. Eiten 10581 (K); Carolina Mun., Rodovia, 24 Apr 2008, G. Pereira-Silva et al. 13260 (CEN00091428 - image!); Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças, 17 Jun 1966, D.R. Hunt 6050 (K); Vale dos Sonhos, Barra do Garças Mun., 93 km S of Xavantina, 9 Nov 1968, R.M. Harley & al. 10980 (K); Mato Grosso do Sul: Estrada Forte Coimbra, Lagoa do Jacadigo, Corumbá, 1 May 1989, A. Pott et al. 4744 (PACA); Faz. Retirinho, Aquiduana, 23 Nov 1989, A. Pott et al. 5433 (PACA); Maracaju Mun., Serra de Maracaju, 12 Nov 1993, G. Hatschbach et al. 58937 (H1679509, K); Minas Gerais: Serra de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, 10 Feb 1927, W. Hoehne s.n. (PACA 76836); Diamantina, 3 Jun 1955, E. Pereira 1680 (PACA); Estrada Diamantina–Milho Verde, 33 km from Diamantina, 3 Dec 1981, N. Hensold et al. s.n. (PACA 76282); Caeté Mun., Serra da Piedade, 10 Jan 1982, N. Hensold et al. s.n. (PACA 76294); Subida ao Pico do Itambé, Santo Antonio do Itambé, 5 Apr 1982, A. Furlan et al. s.n. (PACA 76296); Tiradentes, 6 Jun 1984 (PACA 76835); São Thomé das Letras, 30 Oct 1984, I. Cordeiro et al. s.n. (PACA 76291); Serra do Cabral, Joaquim Felício, 21 Nov 1984, R.M. Harley et al. s.n. (PACA 76295); N of Grão Mogol, 27 Nov 1984, R.M. Harley et al. s.n. (PACA 76283); Estrada Serra-Diamantina, Trinta Réis, 27 Jan 1986, N.L. Monezes et al. s.n. (PACA 76284); Itacambira, Rodovia to Juramento, 14 Feb 1988, J.R. Pirani et al. 2272 (PACA); Caeté Mun., Morro da Piedade, Serra da Moenda, 24 Apr 1990, J.A. Paula & S.B. Velten s.n. (PACA 76847); Pico de Itabirito, Itabirito, 21 May 1994, W.A. Teixeira s.n. (PACA 76841); Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J. R. Stehmann & C.E.S. Ferreira 2399 (PACA); Faz. Santana, Salto da Divisa, 21 Aug 2003, J.A. Lombardi et al. 5333 (PACA); Vilarejo do Funil, Rio Preto, 21 May 2004, F.R.G. Salimena et al. 1284 (PACA); Parque Estadual de Grão Mogol, Grão Mogol, 13 Jun 2006, C.V. Vidal 187 (PACA); Lima Duarte, 20 Nov 2006, F.M. Ferreira et al. 1139 (K); Santana do Riacho Mun., Cachoeira Véu de Noiva, 15 Mar 2007, M.S. Marchioretto 353 (PACA); Serra de Antônio Pereira, Samarco, Ouro Preto, 4 May 2007, M. Messias et al. 1296 (PACA); Serra do Lenheiro, São João Del Rei, 25 Dec 2012, M. Sobral 15294 (PACA); Paraíba: Paraiba do Norte, Serra Borborema, 20 Mar 1913, Ph. v. Luetzelburg 12490 (M); Varzea, 23 Mar 1936, Luetzelburg 27000 (M); Areia, 17 Jun 1953, J.C. de Moraes 973 (IAN082599 - image!); Alagoa Nova Mun., Brejo Paraibano Reg., 5 Mar 2012, E. Melo et al. 10917 (PACA); Pernambuco: Floresta, 26 Aug 1994, M. Sales 319 (K); Buíque, 20 May 1995, K. Andrade et al. 62 (K); Piaui: São Raimundo Nonato, 1 May 1978, E. Laure 195 (P06806987); Serra Branca, São Raimundo Nonato, 7 Feb 1986, L. Emperaire 2817 (P05197106); São Joao do Piaui Mun., Porfirio, Aug 1995, F.G. Alcoforado Folho 480 (K); Caracol, 25 Feb 2011, Melo et al. 9216 (PACA 115982) as M. longebracteata ; Caracol Mun., Serra das Confusões, Serra Grande, 18 Jul 2011, A.A. Conceição et al. 4037 (PACA); Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro [city], 1879, A. Glaziou 11440 (LE); Guanabara, 7 Feb 1964, W. Hoehne 5581 (P05197105); Corcovado, 5 Feb 1940, B. Rambo 3581 (PACA); Próximo de Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Guanabara, 4 Apr 1964, W. Hoehne 5708 (PACA); Est. da Guanabara, Pedra de Estauna, 31 Jan 1965, Newton Santos 5409 (M); Rio Grande do Norte: Grossos, Salina Salmar, 27 Jun 2007, A.A. Roque 137 (UFRN00004903 - image!); Nísia Floresta, Sete Lagoas, 18 Aug 2016, V.F. Sousa 456 (UFRN00022373 - image!); Sergipe: Canindé de São Francisco, 9 Sep 2014, K.M. Pimenta 589 (RB00956693 - image!); Pirambú Mun., [without date] M. Ramos & E. Santos 98 (ASE0017438 - image!); Tocantins: Goias, Araguaina, 9 Mar 1982, A. Krapovickas et al. 37841 (G); Rodovia, 1 Feb 2012, R.M. Harley et al. 56656 (K); PARAGUAY: Valenzuela, 18 Mar 1884, B. Balansa 4571 (B, P04598095); Tobati, [without date] E. Hassler 3981 (P03321381); Dept. Cordillera, Cordillera de Altos, 6 Mar 1984, A. Schinini 23957 (G); Dept. Cordillera, Tobati, 8 Feb 1991, E. Zardini & C. Velázquez 26244 (B); Paraguay, Concepcion, Paso Horqueta, 18 Nov 1993, E. Zardini & T. Tilleria 37460 (MW0581802).

Figures

Figure 4. Fruits and seeds of Microtea debilis and M. celosioides: A, B fruit of M. debilis, enclosed in the perianth (St. Lucia, Soufriere, 1958, G. R. Proctor 17789, BM 000019256) C, D seed of M. debilis (Honduras, nr Cangrejal river, foothills of Ceiba, 29 Jul 1938, T. G. Yuncker et al. 8674, G) E, F fruit of M. celosioides (Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J. R. Stehmann & C. E. S. Ferreira 2399, PACA) G, H seed of M. celosioides (Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J. R. Stehmann & C. E. S. Ferreira 2399, PACA). Magnification: A, E - 30 x, B, F - 100 x, C, G - 50 x, D, H - 300 x.

Figure 14. Neotype of Galenia celosioides (BR 0000005575398).

Figure 15. Distribution map of Microtea celosioides.