PACHYDEMINI Burmeister, 1855

Smith, Andrew B. T., 2006, A Review Of The Family- Group Names For The Superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) With Corrections To Nomenclature And A Current Classification, The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 5) 60, pp. 144-204 : 168-169

Tribe PACHYDEMINI Burmeister, 1855

Original spelling and citation: Pachydemidae Burmeister 1855: 437

Type genus: Pachydema Laporte, 1832 : [1] ( Laporte 1832 b)

Remark: Calicnémites ( Blanchard 1845: 219) was used for taxa within this tribe but this family-group name was not originally Latinized and has not been subsequently Latinized and accepted as valid, therefore it is unavailable. From the context of Blanchard (1845), all his ‘‘Famille’’ and ‘‘Groupe’’ names with the ‘‘– ides’’ and ‘‘–ites’’ suffixes respectively are French vernacular names (some have accents).

Synonym: Elaphocerini Blanchard, 1851

Original spelling and citation: Elaphoceritae Blanchard 1851: 164

Type genus: Elaphocera Gene´, 1836: 188

Remark: Although Elaphocerini has priority over Pachydemini , the later is in prevailing usage and must be considered the valid using a reversal of precedence (Article 23.9). Elaphocerini has not been used as a valid name after 1899. Therefore, I invoke Article 23.9.2 and provide evidence that Pachydemini has be used as a valid name in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years. In compliance with the requirements of the Code, the following list of qualified publications, in chronological order, used Pachydemini as a valid family-group name, which is sufficient evidence that it is in prevailing usage: Petrovitz 1968; Martínez 1972; Martínez 1973; Frey 1974 a; Frey 1974 b; Martínez 1975; Hardy 1978; Baraud 1979; Baraud 1982; Martínez 1982; Baraud 1985; López Colón 1986; López Colón 1989; Baraud 1991; Baraud and Branco 1991; Chavanon and Zirari 1998; Sabatinelli and Pontuale 1998; Nikolajev 2000 c; Lacroix 2001; Vincini, López, Alvarez-Castillo, Carmona, Manetti, and Morón 2001; Keith 2002; Miessen and Cludts 2002; Lacroix 2003; Montreuil 2003; Sanmartín 2003; Sanmartín and Martin-Piera 2003; Keith and Montreuil 2004; Lacroix 2004; Keith 2005; Lacroix 2005; Smith and Evans 2005.

Synonym: Achloini Burmeister, 1855

Original spelling and citation: Achloidae Burmeister 1855: 465

Type genus: Achloa Erichson, 1840: 41

Synonym: Cephalotrichiini Burmeister, 1855

Original spelling and citation: Cephalotrichiadae Burmeister 1855: 433

Type genus: Cephalotrichia Hope, 1837: 39

Synonym: Leptopodini Burmeister, 1855

Original spelling and citation: Leptopodidae Burmeister 1855: 428

Type genus: Leptopus Dejean, 1833: 159

Remark: This family-group name is permanently invalid because the type genus, Leptopus Dejean, 1833 , is a junior homonym of Leptopus Latreille, 1809 (Hemiptera) , Leptopus Rafinesque, 1814 (Pisces) , Leptopus Lamarck, 1818 (Crustacea) , and Leptopus Fallén, 1823 (Diptera) (Article 39).

Synonym: Macrophyllini Burmeister, 1855

Original spelling and citation: Macrophyllidae Burmeister 1855: 447

Type genus: Macrophylla Hope, 1837: 103

Synonym: Sparrmanniini Péringuey, 1904

Original spelling and citation: Sparrmannini Péringuey 1904: 115

Type genus: Sparrmannia Laporte, 1840: 132

Remark: Although Sparmannia was the original spelling of this genus, Sparrmannia is in prevailing usage and should be considered the correct spelling (see Evans 1989).