Tropidopedia seabrai, (MICHENER & MOURE, 1957)

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2007, Taxonomic revision, phylogenetic analysis, and biogeography of the bee genus Tropidopedia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 (3), pp. 511-554 : 534-539

TROPIDOPEDIA SEABRAI ( MICHENER & MOURE, 1957)

( FIGS 31 , 42 , 98 , 110 )

Tropidopedia (Tropidopedia) seabrai Michener & Moure (1957: 447 , figs 10–12) (genital capsule, S8 and S7). Holotype male, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.

Comments and diagnosis

Both males and females present the mesoscutum mostly orange, with mid anterior margin black infuscated ( Fig. 110 ). The females have a long narrow yellow spot along the midline of the frons (c. 1.times F2 diameter), extending to ocellus; mesoscutum with velvety dense short reddish yellow pubescence; terga mostly orange yellow, marginal zones reddish brown; T1–T2 with fine punctures on lateral portions of disc (c. 1–3 pd); margins of T2–T6 with bands of short reddish brown hairs. The males of T. seabrai present the sternal pubescence very reduced; hair tuft on S2 with short plumose hairs (c. 0.10–0.17-mm long; c. 0.6 times F2 diameter); S3–S4 with few short plumose hairs on central portion (c. 0.08-mm long), with some long plumose hairs on lateral portions; T2–T7 with marginal bands of brownish hairs, occupying the lateral portions of T1–T3, almost complete on T4; complete on T5, and complete with longer hairs on T6–T7. The known specimens are from two widely separated areas in the coastal Atlantic forest in Brazil, the type material is from Floresta da Tijuca (actually Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro) and the other five specimens are from a coastal mountain range in north-eastern Brazil (Brejo dos Cavalos, Caruaru, Pernambuco).

Distribution

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco ( Fig. 115 ) .

Type material

Holotype male, ‘DZUP\ 026568’ ‘Alto Boa Vista\ Tijuca (D.F)\ 27.xii. 1950 \ C.R. Hathaway’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ seabrai \ Michener-Moure\ Holotype’. Paratypes: one male, ‘DZUP\ 026569’ ‘Alto Boa Vista\ Tijuca (D.F)\ 27.xii. 1950 \ C.R. Hathaway’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ seabrai \ Michener-Moure\ Paratype’, one male, same except ‘026570’; one male, ‘DZUP\ 026566’ ‘Alto Boa Vista\ Tijuca (D.F)\ 27.xii. 1950 \ C.R. Hathaway’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ seabrai \ Mich-Moure\ Det. J.S. Moure 1957’; one female, ‘DZUP\ 026567’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ seabrai \ Michener-Moure\ Allotype’.

Additional examined material

Brazil, Pernambuco: one female (UFPE), ‘Caruaru PE\ Brejo dos Cavalos\ Brazil, 17.2. 2000 \ C. Schlindwein leg’ ‘CS1062, L114\ 1000 Psychotria ’ ‘Generaln. sp.n.\ Tapinotaspidini \ A642 F\ Moure det. 2000’ ‘1691 UFPE’; one male (UFPE), ‘Caruaru PE\ Brejo dos Cavalos\ Brazil, 2.2. 2001 \ P. Medeiros leg’ ‘7985 UFPE’ ‘L114 em tronco\ de árvore’, one male (UFPE), same except ‘5031’, one male, same except ‘DZUP\ 026543’.

PUNCTIFRONS SPECIES GROUP TROPIDOPEDIA CARACICOLA SP. NOV.

( FIGS 43 , 55 , 80, 81 )

Comments and diagnosis

Tropidopedia caracicola sp. nov. is quite similar to T. nigrocarinata sp. nov. by the pale-yellow pubescence of the hind legs and the wing membrane being black infumated, but can be distinguished by the somewhat obtuse omaular carina, which is restricted to the upper third of the lateral mesepisternum, frons, and upper parocular area, with conspicuous long erect black setae, and male with complete band of plumose hairs on premarginal zone of T5–T6.

Distribution

Brazil: Minas Gerais, Paraná ( Fig. 117 ) .

Description

Holotype male – measurements (in mm): Body length, 7.8; maximum head width, 2.55; forewing length, with tegula, 8.2 (without tegula, 7.6); maximum T2 width, 2.7; head about 1.2 times broader than long (2.7: 2.2); proportion of lower to upper interocullar distances, 0.75 (1.2: 1.6); clypeus about 1.5 times broader than long (1.2: 0.8); scape length, 0.6, maximum width, 0.2; length of F1–F3, 0.2, 0.12, 0.2; F2 diameter, 0.21.

Colour: Integument mostly black. Mandible with a faint yellow mark on its mid portion; labrum with lower half yellow and upper half black; lateral margins of clypeus with a narrow faint yellow stripe; scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres reddish brown. Legs mostly black; tarsomeres 2–4 yellowish; apical portion of hind tibia orange yellow; hind basitarsus dark reddish yellow, almost brown; tibial spurs pale yellow. Forewing membrane completely black infumated; microtrichiae black; veins and pterostigma light brown.

Pubescence: Lower parocular area with short plumose whitish hairs; upper parocular area and upper frons with dense simple long erect black setae (c. 0.23–0.32- mm long). Scape with simple reddish yellow setae (c. 0.07-mm long). Mesoscutum and scutellum with short black plumose hairs; sparse simple erect setae c. 0.14 mm long; on scutellum, c. 0.08–0.32-mm long. Metapostnotum completely glabrous. T4 with margins glabrous, margins of T5–T7 with complete bands of dense black hairs. Medial hair tuft on S2 with short plumose white hairs; S3 with sparse short black hairs on the margins of depressed area; S4 with dense long plumose decumbent hairs, mid portion with a short glabrous interval; margin of S5 with dense plumose hairs; apical portion of S6 mostly with simple hairs. Leg pubescence mostly black; hind tibia and basitarsus with pale-yellow pubescence; yellow hairs on hind basitarsus with apex black infuscated.

Integumental surface: Clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (<0.5–1 pd). Frons, scapal basin, and upper parocular area with dense coarse punctures (0.5–2 pd); midline of frons not sulcated. Lateral mesepisternum with dense very coarse punctures (0.5–2 pd). Mesoscutum with fine punctures (0.5–1 pd), intermingled with sparse coarse punctures (2 pd). Scutellum with small smooth areas; dense fine punctures on the midline and margins (c. 1 pd), intermingled with very coarse punctures on posterior margin of disc (1–2 pd). Metapostnotum mostly smooth and shiny.

Structure: Pronotal collar with lateral portions conspicuously closed. Omaular carina almost obtuse and restricted to upper third of lateral mesepisternum. Scutellum weakly convex, almost flat, with midline conspicuously sulcated on posterior portion of disc.

Female – measurements (in mm): Body length, 8.0; maximum head width, 2.8; forewing length, with tegula, 8.2 (without tegula, 7.5); maximum T2 width, 2.8; head 1.2 times broader than long (2.8: 2.2); proportion between lower and upper interocullar distance, 0.76 (1.3: 1.7); clypeus 1.6 times wider than long (1.25: 0.75); scape length, 0.76, maximum width, 0.2; length of F1–F3, 0.26, 0.10, 0.2; F2 diameter, 0.2.

Colour: Similar to male, differing by labrum mostly black; yellow stripes on lateral margins of clypeus very reduced; pterostigma of wing conspicuously orange yellow.

Pubescence: Similar to male except for upper frons and upper parocular area with dense erect long black setae (c. 0.24–0.30-mm long); complete hair bands only on T5–T6.

Integumental surface: Integumental surface similar to male; clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (c. 0.5–1 pd); disc of frons mostly with dense coarse punctures (c. 0.5–1 pd), intermingled with dense fine punctures on upper disc (c. 0.5 pd); scapal basin with a large smooth area.

Structure: Similar to male.

Type material

Holotype male, ‘ DZUP \ 026536’ ‘ PR, Piraquara \ Mananciais da Serra \ 1000 m 30.XI. 2005 \ P. Grossi coll. ’. Paratypes: one male ( DZMG), ‘ Abelhas da Zona \ Metalúrgica MG \ S. do Caraça \ 5422–14773’ ‘ Catas Altas MG \ Brazil 15/11/1999 \ F.A. Silveira’; two females ( DZMG), same except ‘5422–14795’ and ‘5419–14764 ’; one female ( DZMG), ‘ Abelhas da Zona \ Metalúrgica MG \ S. do Caraça \ 2885–8512’ ‘ Catas Altas MG \ Brazil 14/02/1999 \ F.A. Silveira’, one female ( DZMG), same except ‘4908–13475’ ‘ 17/10/ 1999 ’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023286’ ‘ Ibiá-Brazil \ MG- 10/12/1965 \ C. Elias leg. ’.

Etymology

The species name refers to Serra do Caraça, a mountain in the State of Minas Gerais, in Brazil.

TROPIDOPEDIA CARINATA SP. NOV.

( FIGS 4 , 11, 12, 14 , 19 , 33 , 44 , 56 , 74, 75 , 99, 100 )

Comments and diagnosis

Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the punctifrons group with a carinated omaulus by the wing membrane being yellow infumated with apical portion darkened by black microtrichiae, hind leg with mostly black hairs, and upper lateral margins of clypeus conspicuously convex. The males of T. carinata present a reduced pubescence on terga, without hair bands on margin of T4–T5, with only T6 having a complete band of long plumose black hairs on the premarginal zone, and S4 with a broad interval on the middle of the marginal hair band. T. carinata presents variation on the density of punctation on the frons and supraclypeal area, varying from dense fine punctured to coarse punctured intermingled with fine punctures, or mostly coarse punctured. The omaular carina usually occupies the upper third of the lateral mesepisternum; sometimes it can be shorter, but is still present.

Distribution

Brazil: Acre, Distrito Federal , Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rondônia, São Paulo ( Fig. 118 ).

Description

Holotype male – measurements (in mm): Body length, 7.2; maximum head width, 2.6; forewing length, with tegula, 7.5 (without tegula, 6.8); maximum T2 width, 2.3; head about 1.2 times broader than long (2.6: 2.1); proportion between lower and upper interocullar distances, 0.8 (1.25: 1.57); clypeus 1.5 times wider than long (1.1: 0.7); scape length, 0.8, maximum width, 0.2; length of F1–F3: 0.25, 0.12, 0.17; F2 diameter, 0.2.

Colour: Integument mostly black. Mandible yellow with apex black; labrum yellow; clypeus with two large pale-yellow spots on lateral margins, almost contacting on mid portion of lower margin; parocular area with a small yellow spot on the mid length of the inner eye margin ( Fig. 99 ). Scape mostly black; faint yellow on apical portion; pedicel and flagellomeres reddish brown. Legs mostly black; tarsomeres 2–4 yellowish; tibial spurs pale white. Forewing membrane with proximal two thirds yellow infumated, with yellow microtrichiae; central portion almost hyaline, apical portion darkened by black microtrichiae; veins and pterostigma orange yellow.

Pubescence: Lower parocular area and scapal basin with dense short plumose whitish hairs; upper frons with sparse erect black setae (c. 0.18-mm long). Scape with yellowish setae (c. 0.12-mm long). Mesoscutum and scutellum with dense short plumose yellowish brown hairs; erect black setae on mesoscutum c. 0.07-mm long; on scutellum, c. 0.26-mm long. Metapostnotum completely glabrous. Lateral margins of terga mostly glabrous, with short bands of white hairs, shorter than one fifth of the T3–T4 width; T6 with a complete band of long black plumose hairs on premarginal zone. Medial hair tuft on S2 with whitish hairs (c. 0.17-mm long); S3 with sparse short black hairs on margin of depressed area; S4 with dense long plumose decumbent hairs on margin, mid portion with a wide glabrous interval; S5 with dense plumose hairs along the margin; S6 with simple setae on apical portion (c. 0.12-mm long). Leg pubescence completely black.

Integumental surface: Clypeus, supraclypeal area, and frons with dense coarse punctures (<0.5–1 pd). Scapal basin with dense fine punctures (<0.5 pd), and a small smooth area above the antennal socket; frons with midline narrowly sulcated, sulcus extending to ocellus. Frons with dense fine punctures intermingled with coarse punctures, denser near the midline, and sparser on lateral portions of disc. Lateral mesepisternum with dense very coarse punctures (1–2 pd). Mesoscutum with dense fine punctures (c. 0.5 pd), intermingled with sparse coarse punctures (> 2 pd). Disc of scutellum mostly smooth, with dense fine punctures on the midline and margins, intermingled with very coarse punctures on posterior margin of disc (1–2 pd). Metapostnotum smooth and shiny.

Structure: Pronotal collar with lateral portions closed. Carina on omaulus occupying about one third of upper lateral mesepisternum. Scutellum conspicuously convex, slightly depressed.

Female – measurements (in mm): Body length, 7.7; maximum head width, 2.5; forewing length, with tegula, 7.2 (without tegula, 6.6); maximum T2 width, 2.3; head 1.2 times broader than long (2.5: 2.1); proportion between lower and upper interocullar distance, 0.78 (0.8: 1.1); clypeus 1.6 times wider than long (1.05: 0.65); scape length, 0.7, maximum width, 0.2; length of F1–F3, 0.25, 0.12, 0.17; F2 diameter, 0.2.

Colour: Similar to male; except for labrum yellow with a transverse black stripe on upper margin; lateral margins of clypeus with narrow yellow stripes ( Fig. 100 ); legs completely black.

Pubescence: Similar to male; upper frons with short erect dark black setae (c. 0.1–0.18-mm long); hind tibia and basitarsus mostly with black hairs, with a few plumose whitish hairs on lower tibia and upper basitarsus, near its articulation. T1–T4 with glabrous margins; margins of T5–T6 with complete hair bands.

Integumental surface: Similar to male, except the disc of the frons mostly covered with dense fine punctures (c. 0.5–1 pd), intermingled with sparse coarse punctures in the middle (c. 2 pd).

Structure: Similar to male, except pronotal collar only slightly closed on lateral portions by a low carina ( Fig. 11 ).

Type material

Holotype male, ‘ DZUP \ 023034’ ‘ Brazil , Serra do Salitre , MG \ Fazenda Cachoeira do\ Campo \ 9–13.i. 2003 \ AJCAguiar leg’ . Paratypes: Brazil , Acre , one male, ‘ DZUP \ 023079’ ‘ R. Branco Acre \ BR 15–20-XI 61\ F.M. Oliveira’ , two males and two females, same except ‘023078’, ‘023295’, ‘023294’, and ‘023296’; Distrito Federal, one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023225’ ‘ Brazil \ Loc. J. Botânico \ Data 02.12.96\ Col. Ana Alves’ ‘1601’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp. AR 41’; Goiás, one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023068’ ‘ Malp 2’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos\ Veadeiros , Vale Dourado \ 14°12′S, 47°37′W, 1100 m,\ 30.iii. 2003, Melo, Aguiar,\ Marchi e Gonçalves’ , one female, same except ‘022796’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023069’ ‘ Brazil , Goiás \ 12 km N de Cavalcante,\ 13°41′32″S, 47°28′08″W,\ 1130 m, 03.iv. 2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves,\ em Malpighiaceae 5′; Mato Grosso do Sul , one male ( SEMC), ‘ Rio Caraguata \ Matto Grosso \ Brazil 11– 1953\ F. Plaumann’; Minas Gerais , one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023077’ ‘Araxá- MG-Brazil\ 20-V-1965 \ C. & T. Elias leg’ , one female, same except ‘026560’; one female ( DZMG), ‘COPASA\ Mutuca \ 7970–24287’ ‘ Belo Horizonte MG \ Brazil 12/ 12/2001 \ Almeida & Pompeu’ ; one female, ‘ DZUP \ ‘023291’ ‘ Campos Altos-MG\ Basil-28/8/965\ C. Elias leg’ , two females, same except ‘023289’ and ‘023290’; one male, ‘ DZUP \ 023063’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Florestal , CEDAF\ 18.xii. 1995, G.Melo’ ; one male, ‘ DZUP \ 023086’ ‘ Ibiá-Brazil \ MG- 10/12/1965 \ C. Elias leg. ’, two females, same except ‘023089’ and ‘023288’; one male, ‘ DZUP \ 023067’ ‘ Ibiá-Brazil \ MG- 10/12/1965 \ C.Elias leg. ’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 026542’ ‘ Lavras Novas-Ouro Preto \ MG – Brazil 10/11/1996 \ 20°28′22″S, 43°33′4″W \ Faria, G.M., Melo M.A. \ Daniel, A.M., Paiva G .′; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023065’ ‘160/430’ ‘ Paraopeba, MG, Brazil \ Data 05/02/1986 \ F.A. Silveira’ ‘ Lophopedia \ n 2 F’ , one female, same except ‘04/12/86’ ‘ DZUP \ 023066’ ‘153/413’ ‘ Lophopedia \ n 4 ’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023070’ ‘ Passos MG \ Br 20–25 XI 61\ C.Elias leg. ’, one female, same except ‘023297’ ‘ 5–10-XI 1961 ’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023072’ ‘ Poços de Caldas-MG\ Brazil 23-XI-62\ Claudionor Elias’ ; one female ( DZMG), ‘ Pq. E. Rio Preto \ 9054– 27008’ ‘ São Gonçalo do Rio Preto MG\ Brazil 20/09/ 2003 \ A.A. Azevedo’ ; one male, ‘ DZUP \ 023033’ ‘ Brazil, Serra do Salitre, MG\ Fazenda Cachoeira do\ Campo \ 9–13.i. 2003 \ AJCAguiar leg’ , three males and 18 females, same except ‘023034’, ‘023035’, ‘023037’, ‘023017–023032’, ‘023054’, ‘023055’; one male, ‘ DZUP \ 023053’ ‘ Brazil, Serra do Salitre, MG\ Fazenda Goiabeira \ 9–13.i. 2003 \ AJCAguiar leg’ , 15 females, same except ‘023038–023052’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 23056’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Serra do Salitre,\ RPPN Cachoeira \ do Campo ; 11.ix. 2004 \ AJCAguiar’ , six females, same except ‘023057– 023060’, ‘023061’ ‘ 24–30.xii.2003 ’, and ‘023062’ ‘ vii.2001 ’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023090’ ‘Tapira- M. Gerais \ Brazil-30/xi/65\ C.Elias leg. ’, one female, same except ‘023091’; Rondônia , one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023298’ ‘ Vilhena, RO \ 12/XI/1986 \ C. Elias, leg’ ‘ Polonoroeste’ , three females, same except ‘023081’ ‘ 4/XI/ 1986 ’, ‘023082’ ‘h. 14 às 16\ T. 4 Cerrado’, ‘023083’ ‘ 13/ XI/1986 ’; one male ( INPA), ‘ Brazil: Rondônia \ Vilhena \ 22 vii-5 viii 1986 \ F.J.A. Peralta’ ‘56-CA’; São Paulo , one male, ‘ DZUP \ 026557’ ‘ Brazil, São Paulo,\ Corumbataí , 22°15′S, 47°00′W, 800 m,\ M.J.O. Campos leg. ’ ‘COR19\ 21.11.84\ CL15.48 L\ P31’; four females, same except ‘026562’ ‘COR38\ 28.11.84\ 11.30 L P40\ CL’, ‘026558’ ‘COR41’ ‘11.10L’, ‘026559’ ‘COR1\ 8.8.84\ 11.15 L P29\ -D’, and ‘026561’ ‘COR10\ 08.03.83\ 14.35 L\ CL’; one female ( UFU), ‘09’ ‘ Brazil, SP, Patrocínio \ Paulista \ 13/10/1999 \ Augusto, S.C. col. ’, three females ( UFU), same except ‘12’, ‘02’ and ‘27 ’; 1 female ( UFU), ‘259’ ‘ Brazil, SP, Patrocínio \ Paulista \ 22/XII/1999 \ Augusto, S.C. col. ’, two females ( UFU), same except ‘258’, and ‘249 ’; 1 female ( UFU), ‘375’ ‘ Brazil, SP, Patrocínio \ Paulista \ 9/1/2000 \ Augusto, S.C. col. ’, three females ( UFU), same except ‘407’, ‘374’, and ‘419 ’; one female ( UFU), ‘82’ ‘ Brazil, SP, Patrocínio \ Paulista \ 29/X/1999 \ Augusto, S.C. col. ’, one female, same except ‘52’; one female ( DZUP), ‘431’ ‘ Brazil, SP, Patrocínio \ Paulista \ 25/I/2000 \ Augusto, S.C. col. ’, three females, same except ‘026516’ ‘455’, ‘026517’ ‘457’, and ‘026518’ ‘454’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023093’ ‘ Rifaina-Brazil \ SP- 28/ 10/1965 \ C. Elias leg. ’; one female ( SEMC), ‘ BRAZIL São Paulo \ São Carlos , 23 December \ 1971 C. D. Michener’; Tocantins , one female, ‘ DZUP \ 023073’ ‘ Santa Rita do Araguaia \ GO Brazil XII 63\ M. Alvarenga leg. ’.

Etymology

The species name refers to the carina on the omaular area of lateral mesepisternum.

TROPIDOPEDIA DUCKEANA SP. NOV.

( FIGS 45 , 57 , 76, 77 , 101 )

Comments and diagnosis

Tropidopedia duckeana is similar to T. carinata by the wing membrane mostly yellow infumated, but distinct in the male by the metapostnotum with numerous fine punctures; margin of T4 with an almost complete band of short black hairs; S4 with complete band of long plumose hairs; and in both sexes by the hind tibia and basitarsus mostly with brownish hairs, and the omaulus with a sharp carina occupying about half of the lateral mesepisternum. Here we are interpreting the locality ‘Pará’ labels as the city of Belém (State of Pará, Brazil).

Distribution

Brazil: Amazonas, Pará ( Fig. 117 ).

Description

Holotype male – measurements (in mm): Body length, 8.0; maximum head width, 2.7; forewing length, with tegula, 8.2 (without tegula, 7.6); maximum T2 width, 2.7; head about 1.3 times broader than long (2.7: 2.0); proportion between lower and upper interocullar distance, 0.8 (1.2: 1.5); clypeus about 1.7 times broader than long (1.2: 0.7); scape length, 0.6, maximum width, 0.2; length of F1–F3, 0.17, 0.14, 0.23; F2 diameter, 0.2.

Colour: Integument mostly black. Mandible yellow with apex black; labrum yellow; lateral margins of clypeus with broad yellow stripes, almost continuous in the mid portion of lower margin; parocular area with a narrow yellow stripe interrupted on mid length. Scape reddish brown, with lateral surface pale yellow; flagellomeres reddish brown. Legs mostly black; all tarsomeres 2–4 and hind basitarsus yellowish; tibial spurs pale white. Forewing membrane yellow infumated; microtrichiae reddish brown on entire membrane and veins; veins brown; pterostigma light reddish brown.

Pubescence: Lower parocular area and scapal basin with dense fine short plumose white hairs; upper frons with erect black setae (c. 0.17-mm long). Scape with simple yellowish setae (c. 0.08-mm long). Mesoscutum and scutellum with dense short plumose yellowish brown hairs, sparse erect simple setae on mesoscutum c. 0.07-mm long; on scutellum, c. 0.26-mm long. Lateral margins of scutellum, and upper margin of propodeum with dense very short white plumose hairs. Disc of metapostnotum with short plumose white hairs (c. 0.05-mm long). Margins of T1–T3 without hair bands; T4 with an almost complete band of short black hairs, mid portion with a short glabrous interval on less than one third of the tergum width; margins of T5–T6 with complete band of plumose hairs. Medial hair tuft on S2 with plumose whitish hairs (c. 0.17 mm long); S3 with sparse short black hairs on margin of depressed area; S4 with dense long plumose decumbent hairs along entire margin; S5 with dense plumose hairs along the margin; S6 mostly with short simple setae on apical portion (c. 0.17-mm long). Leg pubescence mostly black; hind tibia and basitarsus with brownish hairs.

Integumental surface: Clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd). Frons mostly with dense fine punctures (1 pd), intermingled with sparse coarse punctures on the central disc (1–2 pd). Scapal basin with fine dense punctures (c. 1 pd); frons with midline narrowly sulcated, sulcus almost reaching ocellus. Lateral mesepisternum with dense very coarse punctures (<0.5–2 pd). Mesoscutum with dense fine punctures (1 pd), intermingled with sparse coarse punctures. Scutellum disc mostly smooth, with sparse very coarse punctures on midline and posterior margin; margins of disc with dense fine punctures (c. 1 pd). Metapostnotum with fine punctures on central disc (1–2 pd).

Structure: Pronotal collar with lateral portions only slightly raised. Sharp carina on omaular area, occupying about two thirds of lateral mesepisternum. Dorsal surface of scutellum weakly convex, almost flat.

Female – measurements (in mm): Body length, 7.0; maximum head width, 2.7; forewing length, with tegula, 7.4 (without tegula, 6.9); maximum T2 width, 2.7; head about 1.2 times broader than long (2.6: 2.0); proportion between lower and upper interocullar distance, 0.78 (1.1: 1.4); clypeus 1.4 times broader than long (1.0: 0.67). Scape length, 0.7, maximum width, 0.17; length of F1–F3, 0.21, 0.12, 0.17; F2 diameter, 0.2.

Colour: Similar to male, except for lacking yellow stripe on parocular area; antennal scape completely reddish brown; disc of T1–T2 pale brown.

Pubescence: Similar to male, except metapostnotum glabrous and T5–T6 with complete bands of short plumose hairs.

Integumental surface: Punctation, in general, denser than in male; clypeus and supraclypeal area mostly with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd); clypeus mostly with sparse punctures on upper and lower margins (> 2 pd); frons with dense fine punctures (0.5–1 pd), intermingled with dense coarse punctures on central disc (0.5–1 pd); scapal basin with dense fine punctures (c. 0.5 pd); upper parocular area with dense coarse punctures (0.5–1 pd). Mesoscutum with dense fine punctures (0.5 pd), intermingled with sparse coarse punctures (2 pd).

Structure: Similar to male.

Type material

Holotype male, ‘ DZUP \ 023071’ ‘Manaus-AM\ Brazil I-61\ C.Elias leg. ’. Paratypes: one male, ‘ DZUP \ 041037’ ‘ Brazil \ Pará \ 19.12. 1901 \ Ducke’ ; one male, ‘ Brazil \ Pará \ 17.6. 1902 \ Ducke’ ‘ DZUP \ 023427’; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 041039’ ‘ Brazil \ Pará \ 23.1. 1902 \ Ducke’ ; one female, ‘ DZUP \ 041038’ ‘ Pará \ 29.9.99\ Ducke’ ; one female ( ZMB), ‘ Brazil \ Para \ 27.2. 1902 \ Ducke’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ puncticollis \ F 1900 Friese det. Fr.’ ‘ Type’ ‘ Zool. Mus. \ Berlin’ .

Etymology

The species name is dedicated to the late entomologist and botanist Adolph Ducke.

Figures

Figures 29–35. Sternum 6 of male; scale = 0.2 mm. Figure 29: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov. Figure 30: Tropidopedia japuraensis sp. nov. Figure 31: T. seabrai (Michener & Moure, 1957). Figure 32: Tropidopedia friesei sp. nov. Figure 33: Tropidopedia carinata. sp. nov. Figure 34: Tropidopedia nigrocarinata sp. nov. Figure 35: Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov. Scale bar for Figs 29–34 shown to right of Fig. 32.

Figures 36–49. Sternum 7 of male; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 36: Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909). Figure 37: Tropidopedia danunciae sp. nov. Figure 38: Tropidopedia friesei sp. nov. Figure 39: Tropidopedia japuraensis sp. nov. Figure 40: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov. Figure 41: Tropidopedia ornata sp. nov. Figure 42: Tropidopedia seabrai (Michener & Moure, 1957). Figure 43: Tropidopedia caracicola sp. nov. Figure 44: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. Figure 45: Tropidopedia duckeana sp. nov. Figure 46: Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov. Figure 47: Tropidopedia nigrocarinata sp. nov. Figure 48: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879). Figure 49: Tropidopedia venezuelana sp. nov.

Figures 90–98. Head; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 90: Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909), male. Figure 91: T. arcuatilis, female. Figure 92: Tropidopedia danunciae sp. nov., holotype male. Figure 93: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov., holotype male. Figure 94: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov., paratype female. Figure 95: Tropidopedia ornata sp. nov., holotype male. Figure 96: Tropidopedia pallidipennis (Friese, 1899), lectotype male. Figure 97: Tropidopedia peruana sp. nov., holotype female. Figure 98: Tropidopedia seabrai (Michener & Moure, 1957), holotype male. Scale bar for Figs 90–93, 95, 98 shown in Fig. 92; scale bar for Figs 94, 96, 97 shown in Fig. 97.

Figures 108–113. Figures 108–112: Mesosoma in dorsal view; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 108: Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909), female. Figure 109: Tropidopedia danunciae sp. nov., holotype male. Figure 110: Tropidopedia seabrai (Michener & Moure, 1957), female. Figure 111: Tropidopedia peruana sp. nov., holotype female. Figure 112: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879), female. Figure 113: Tropidopedia danunciae sp. nov., lateral portion of disc of T3 showing the microreticulation (anterior to the left); scale = 0.10 mm.

Figures 115–120. Distribution records for species of Tropidopedia. Figure 115: Δ, Tropidopedia danunciae sp. nov.;, Tropidopedia friesei sp. nov.; •, Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov.; O, Tropidopedia pallidipennis (Friese, 1899); A, Tropidopedia seabrai (Michener & Moure, 1957). Figure 116: Δ, Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909);, Tropidopedia ornata sp. nov.; •, Tropidopedia japuraensis sp. nov.; A, Tropidopedia peruana sp. nov. Figure 117: •, Tropidopedia caracicola sp. nov.; O, Tropidopedia duckeana sp. nov.;, Tropidopedia eliasi sp. nov.; Δ, Tropidopedia nigrocarinata sp. nov. Figure 118: A, Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov.; •, Tropidopedia venezuelana sp. nov. Figure 119: •, Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov. Figure 120: A, Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879).

Figures 50–61. Sternum 8 of male; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 50: Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909). Figure 51: Tropidopedia danunciae sp. nov. Figure 52: Tropidopedia japuraensis sp. nov. Figure 53: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov. Figure 54: Tropidopedia ornata sp. nov. Figure 55: Tropidopedia caracicola sp. nov. Figure 56: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. Figure 57: Tropidopedia duckeana sp. nov. Figure 58: Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov. Figure 59: Tropidopedia nigrocarinata sp. nov. Figure 60: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879). Figure 61: Tropidopedia venezuelana sp. nov.

Figures 74–89. Figures 74–87: Genital capsule, male, dorsal and ventral view; scale = 0.5 mm. Figures 74, 75: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. Figures 76, 77: Tropidopedia duckeana sp. nov. Figures 78, 79: Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov. Figures 80, 81: Tropidopedia caracicola sp. nov. Figures 82, 83: Tropidopedia nigrocarinata sp. nov. Figures 84, 85: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879). Figures 86, 87: Tropidopedia venezuelana sp. nov. Figures 88, 89: Hind tarsomeres, outer view; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 88: Tropidopedia friesei sp. nov. Figure 89: Tropidopedia peruana sp. nov.

Figures 1–7. Figures 1–4: Punctation patterns; scale = 0.1 mm. Figure 1: Finely minute punctures, 1 dp (mesoscutum of Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov., female). Figure 2: Fine punctures, 2 dp (mesoscutum of Lophopedia pygmaea (Schrottky, 1902), female). Figure 3: Coarse punctures, 1–2 dp (frons of Paratetrapedia sp.; female). Figure 4: Very coarse punctures, 0.5−2 dp (lateral mesepisternum of Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov., female). Figures 5–7: Head, females; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 5: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879). Figure 6: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. Figure 7: Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909).

Figures 8–18. Figures 8–11: Lateral portion of pronotal colar; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 8: Female of Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov. Figure 9: Female of Paratetrapedia lineata (Spinola, 1851). Figure 10: Male of Lophopedia pygmaea. Figure 11: Female of Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. Figure 12: Mesosoma of male of Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. showing the right-angled omaulus; scale = 0.2 mm. Figures 13, 14: Sterna of male showing the tuft of hairs on medial portion of S2, and the ‘U’ sinuosity on margin of S3; scale = 0.5 mm. Figure 13: Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov. Figure 14: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov. Figures 15–18: Pygidial plate of female; scale = 0.2 mm. Figure 15: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov. Figure 16: Arhysoceble dichroopoda Moure, 1948. Figure 17: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879). Figure 18: Paratetrapedia fervida (Smith, 1879).

Figures 19–28. Figures 19–22: Foretarsus; scale = 0.25 mm. Figure 19: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov., female, outer surface. Figure 20: Paratetrapedia connexa (Vachal, 1909), female, outer surface. Figure 21: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879), female, outer surface. Scale = 0.25 mm. Figure 22: Tropidopedia arcuatilis (Vachal, 1909), male, lateral view showing the long plumose pubescence; scale = 0.25 mm. Figures 23, 24: Ventral surface of middle tibia, showing the comb with stout simple setae; scale = 0.01 mm. Figure 23: Lophopedia pygmaea (Schrottky, 1902). Figure 24: Xanthopedia larocai (Moure, 1995). Figures 25–28: Basitibial plate of female; scale = 0.25 mm. Figure 25: Tropidopedia nigrita sp. nov. Figure 26: P. connexa. Figure 27: L. pygmaea. Figure 28: T. punctifrons.

Figures 99–107. Head; scale = 0.5 mm. Figures 99, 100: Tropidopedia carinata sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female. Figure 101: Tropidopedia duckeana sp. nov., holotype male. Figure 102: Tropidopedia flavolineata sp. nov., paratype female. Figures 103, 104: Tropidopedia nigrocarinata sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female. Figures 105, 106: Tropidopedia punctifrons (Smith, 1879), males. Figure 105: Dark brown specimen. Figure 106: Orange yellow specimen. Figure 107: Tropidopedia venezuelana sp. nov., female.