Macrosarisa fahrbachi, Brandão, 2010

Brandão, Simone N., 2010, Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3), pp. 567-672 : 620-622

MACROSARISA FAHRBACHI SP. NOV. ( FIGS 14 , 30F–I , 33 )

Etymology: In honour of Dr E. Fahrbach, the chief scientist of the ANDEEP III cruise.

Material: 4 live specimens.

Holotype: 1 A M ( SNB 0148 ) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP II , #139-6-E, ZMH K-41472 .

Paratypes: 1 A M ( SNB 0225 -DNA 33), ANDEEP II , #139-6-E, ZMH K-41475 ;

1 A F (SNB 0226-DNA 34), 1 A M (SNB 0114-DNA 17), ANDEEP III , # 81-8-E+S, ZMH K-41473.

Distribution ( Fig. 14 ): Weddell and Scotia Seas , 3947– 4420 m.

Valve measurements: Holotype, RV A M L 1.82 mm, H 0.68 mm; LV 1.80 mm, H 0.65 mm. Paratypes, A L 1.80–1.90 mm, H 0.68–0.72 mm.

Diagnosis: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, elongate; posterior margin acutely pointed and anterior margin narrowly rounded; ventral margin straight. Male appendage V very asymmetrical. Female appendage V with medial seta of podomere V over four times longer than ventral and dorsal setae. Hemipenis subhemispherical. Chitinized tube of Zenker’s organ wide; terminal bulb tiny.

Description: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, elongate; dorsal margin slightly arched, posterodorsal margin slightly concave; posterior margin acutely pointed and anterior margin narrowly rounded; ventral margin straight. Vestibules wide; zone of concrescence very narrow; radial pore canals very short and straight; dentiform corners inconspicuous; adductor muscle scars occupying a small area of the valve surface.

Antenna I slender, elongate with thin, flexible setae; suture between podomeres I and II very faint; podomere IV elongated. Antenna II slender, suture between podomeres II and III faint; podomere IV very elongate. Basis of mandible with one short, dorsal seta, plus one conical and four trifurcating teeth and several setae. Maxilla I with two or three strahlen and over 18 feathered setae; suture between podomeres II and III (palp podomeres I and II) very faint. Female appendage V short and thick, medial seta of podomere V the longest, other two setae conspicuously shorter. Male appendage V very asymmetrical, podomere III straight or recurved at 90°. Appendages VI and VII very elongate; reflexed seta of podomere VI of appendage VII long. Furca robust with symmetrical rods; terminal setae fused to the rods. Hemipenis subhemispherical, with relatively short and bifurcated copulatory process. Chitinized tube of Zenker’s organ wide, terminal bulb very small.

Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2(0/.2)+3(.1/.1), 4(.1/.1), 5(.1/.1), 6(.2/.3), 7(0/0:4). Antenna II 1(0/0:1-2), 2(0/ 0:1), Exopodite (0/0:2,1r), 3(0/.5-6.4), 4[female (.1r./.1.1c,2)] [male (.1r./.2.1c,2mod,1)], 5(0/1c,1:3c,2), 6(0/ 0:2c,3). Mandible 1(.1/0: 5t,+8), 2(0/.2:1), Exopodite (1r,7-8), 3(0/.4:3-4), 4(.5.2/.3-4), 5(.2c./0:1-2c,3-4). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2-3strahlen,+18), palp 1(.1/ 0), 2(.3-4/0), 3(0/0:6). Appendage V 1(0/.1.2.1), Exopodite (0/0:5), [female 2, 3, 4(0/.1), 5(.1./0:1c,1)] [male 2(0/2mod,1:1r), 3(0/.1r:1mod)]. Appendage VI 1(.2./0), 2(.1.1.1./.1), 3(.1/0), 4(.1/0), 5(.1,1r/0), 6(0/ 0:1,2c). Appendage VII 1(0/0:0-1), 2(.1.1.1/0), 3(.1/0), 4(.1/0), 5(.2/0), 6(0/0:2,1mod). Furca (0/0:1,2-3r).

Remarks: Valves of Ms. fahrbachi sp. nov. are (1) conspicuously more elongated than Ms. muensteriana ; (2) less sinuous than Ms. capacis and Ms. texana ; (3) more subtriangular than M. graysonensis , Ms. hiulca , and Ms. procera ; (4) less rectilinear than Ms. elegantula and Ms. siliqua ; (5) higher in relation to length than M. exquisita , Ms. simplex , and M. wrightii .

Antenna II and the mandible of Macrosarisa andeep sp. nov. are very similar to those of Ms. fahrbachi sp. nov.; therefore these appendages are only drawn for the former species.

GENUS MACROSCAPHA MADDOCKS, 1990

( FIGS 34–65 )

Type species: Macroscapha atlantica Maddocks, 1990 (original designation).

Additional species (listed by original binomen): Macroscapha gyreae Maddocks, 1990 ; Mh. heroica Maddocks, 1990 ; M. inaequalis Müller, 1908 ; Mh. inaequata Maddocks, 1990 ; Mh. jiangi Maddocks, 1990 ; M. (Mn.) marchilensis (Hartmann, 1965) ; Mh. opaca Maddocks, 1990 ; Mh. sinuata Maddocks, 1990 ; M. tensa * Müller, 1908 * nomen dubium; Mh. turbida ( Müller, 1908) ; Mh. cactus sp. nov., Mh. falcis sp. nov.; Mh. rehmi sp. nov.; Mh. scotia sp. nov.; Mh. subhemispherica sp. nov.; Mh. solecavai sp. nov.; Mh. walterae sp. nov.

MACROSCAPHA INAEQUALIS (G. W. MÜLLER, 1908)

( FIGS 34–36 )

1908 Macrocypris inaequalis Müller, 1908: 95-96 , pl. 12, figs 1–7.

1990 Macroscapha inaequalis, Maddocks, 1990: 98-99 , figs 14.13, 14.14, 15.14, 15.15, 27.20, 27.21, 31.8, 34.13, 42.5, 47.38, 69.2, 74.6, 77.8, 79.2; pls. 36.11, 36.12, 37.11, 37.12, 80.21, 93.1-4, 105.9-13, 111.10

1990 Macroscaphia (print error) inaequalis, Hartmann, 1990: 215 , figs. (part 2) 8–11.

1997 Macroscapha inaequalis, Hartmann, 1997: 245– 246 , fig. 103.

Material: 30 live specimens plus 3 valves.

Lectotype: soft parts and valves of 1 A M on a glass slide labelled ‘Zool. Mus. Berlin, I. N. 13129, * Macrocypris inaequalis G. W. Müller, Gauss-Stat , 385 m, D. Südpolar Exp., 2.12.2, Gauss, 181’ and bearing Maddocks’ (1990) specimen number ‘1940 ♂, Lectotype’.

Paralectotypes: soft parts and valves of 1 A F on a glass slide labelled ‘Zool. Mus. Berlin, I. N. 13129, * Macrocypris inaequalis G. W. Müller, Gauss-Stat , 385 m, D. Südpolar Exp., Gauss, 181♀, 2.03’ and bearing Maddocks’ (1990) specimen number ‘1939 ♀, Paralectotype’ .

Soft parts and valves of 1 A M on a glass slide labelled ‘Zool. Mus. Berlin, I. N. 13129, * Macrocypris inaequalis G. W. Müller, Gauss-Stat , 385 m, D. Südpolar Exp., Gauss, 181♂, 2.03’ and bearing Maddocks’ (1990) specimen number ‘1941 ♂, Paralectotype’ .

Additional material: 5 A F ( SNB 0057, 0706-0708), 11 A M ( SNB 0043, 0703-0705), 8 A, 2 (A-1), 1 RLV, 1 LV, EASIZ II, # 171. ZMH K- 40816;

1 A M ( SNB 0702), EASIZ II, # 310, ZMH K- 40817.

Distribution ( Fig. 34 ): Recent. Davis, Weddell, and Scotia Seas , 186– 426 m.

Right valve measurements ( Fig. 34 ): A F L 1.97– 2.16 mm, H 0.72–0.87 mm; A M L 2.00– 2.13 mm, H 0.76–0.88 mm; (A-1) L 1.62–1.70 mm, H 0.60– 0.64 mm.

Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1(0/0), 2(0/.2)+3(.1/.1), 4(.1/.1), 5(.1/.1), 6(.2/.3), 7(0/0:4). Antenna II 1(0/.1:1), 2(0/0:0-1), Exopodite (0/0:2,1r), 3(0/.6.4), 4[female (.1r./.1r.1c,2)] [male (.1r./.1r.1c,2mod,1)], 5(0/1c,1:4c,1), 6(0/0:2c,2-3). Mandible 1(.1/0: 5t,+8), 2(0/.2:1), Exopodite (1r,7), 3(0/.4:3-4), 4(.3-4.2/.2-4), 5(0./0:1- 3c,2-3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2strahlen,+20), palp 1(.1/0), 2(.4-5/0), 3(0/0:6). Appendage V 1(0/0:1.0-1.0- 1), Exopodite (0/0:7-10), [female 2(0/0), 3(0/0), 4(0/.1), 5(.1./0:1c,1)] [male 2(.1r/2mod,1:1r), 3(0/0:1mod)]. Appendage VI 1(.1-2./0), 2(.2.1./.1), 3(.1/0), 4(.1/0), 5(.1,1r/0), 6(0/0:1,2c). Appendage VII 1(0/0:0-1), 2(.1.1.1/.1.), 3(.1/0), 4(.1/0), 5(.2/0), 6(0/0:2,1mod). Furca (0/0:1,2r).

Figures

Figure 14. Geographical distribution of Macropyxis and Macrosarisa species studied herein.

Figure 30. Valves and soft parts of Macrosarisa andeep sp. nov. and Macrosarisa fahrbachi sp. nov. Macrosarisa andeep sp. nov.: A, B, J, holotype adult female (SNB 0243-DNA 51, ZMH K-41471); C, E, paratype adult female (SNB 0113-DNA 16); D, paratype adult female (SNB 0227-DNA 35), (ZMH K-41383). Macrosarisa fahrbachi sp. nov.: F, H, I, paratype adult male (SNB 0225-DNA 33; ZMH K-41475); G, paratype adult female (SNB 0226-DNA 34; ZMH K-41473). A, right valve external view; B, left valve external view; C, G, female appendage V; D–F, furca; H, hemipenis; I, Zenker’s organ; J, genital lobes. Scale bars: A, B = 500 Mm; C–J = 100 Mm.

Figure 33. Valves and soft parts of Macrosarisa fahrbachi sp. nov. A–J, holotype adult male (SNB 0148; ZMH K-41472). A, right valve external view; B, left valve external view; C, antenna I; D, maxilla I; E, F, male appendage V; G, hemipenis; H, appendage VII; I, appendage VI; J, furca. Scale bars: A, B = 500 Mm; C–F = 50 Mm; G–J = 100 Mm.

Figure 34. Geographical distribution and height ¥ length scatter plot of valves of Macroscapha inaequalis, Macroscapha inaequata, Macroscapha walterae sp. nov., Macroscapha sp. aff. walterae sp. nov., and Macroscapha sp. (of the informal group Macroscapha turbida). Both records of Mh. inaequata (Maddocks, 1990) from the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean are herein considered dubious because they are based on only one female (Ross Sea) and one very large teratological adult of indeterminable sex (south-west Pacific Basin; Maddocks, 1990).

Figure 35. Valves, hemipenis, Zenker’s organ, and furca of Macroscapha inaequalis (Müller, 1908). A, B, G, H, adult female (SNB 0057); C, D, adult male (SNB 0043); I, M, adult male (SNB 0703); N, adult male (SNB 0704) (ZMH K-40816); E, F, J, L, adult male (SNB 0702, ZMH K-40817); K, lectotype adult male (Maddocks, 1990, Nr. 1940, ZMB 13129). A, C, E, right valve external view; B, D, F, left valve external view; G, left valve internal view; H, right valve internal view; I, furca; J, Zenker’s organ; K–N, hemipenis. Scale bars: A–H = 500 Mm; I–N = 100 Mm.

Figure 36. Appendices and furca of Macroscapha inaequalis (Müller, 1908). A, B, D, E, adult male (SNB 0043); C, adult female (SNB 0057) (ZMH K-40816). A, B, male appendage V; C, female appendage V; D, appendage VI; E, furca. Scale bars = 100 Mm.

Figure 37. External view of right valves of Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990, Macroscapha scotia sp. nov., and Macroscapha walterae sp. nov. Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990: A, adult female (SNB 0752, ZMH K-40821); B, adult male (SNB 0578-DNA 285. ZMH K-41487); H, (SNB 0052); I, (SNB 0053); J, adult female (SNB 0054) (ZMH 40819). Macroscapha scotia sp. nov.: C, paratype A M? (ZMH K-35501); D, holotype adult male (SNB 0739, ZMH K-40820); E, paratype adult male (SNB 0022); F, paratype adult female (SNB 0056); G, paratype adult female (SNB 0741) (ZMH K-40837). Macroscapha walterae sp. nov.: K, holotype adult male (SNB 0745, ZMH K-41484); L, paratype adult male (SNB 0051); M, paratype adult male (SNB 0750); N, paratype adult female (SNB 0048) (ZMH K-40818). Scale bar = 500 Mm.

Figure 38. External view of left valves of Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990, Macroscapha scotia sp. nov.; and Macroscapha walterae sp. nov. Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990: A, adult female (SNB 0752, ZMH K-40821); B, adult male (SNB 0578-DNA 285. ZMH K-41487); H, (SNB 0052); I, (SNB 0053); J, adult female (SNB 0054) (ZMH 40819). Macroscapha scotia sp. nov.: C, paratype A (ZMH K-35501); D, holotype adult male (SNB 0739, ZMH K-40820); E, paratype adult male (SNB 0022); F, paratype adult female (SNB 0056); G, paratype adult female (SNB 0741) (ZMH K-40837). Macroscapha walterae sp. nov.: K, holotype adult male (SNB 0745, ZMH K-41484); L, paratype adult male (SNB 0051); M, paratype adult male (SNB 0750); N, paratype adult female (SNB 0048) (ZMH K-40818). Scale bar = 500 Mm.

Figure 39. Appendages V, VI, and VII and furcae of Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990, Macroscapha rehmi sp. nov., Macroscapha scotia sp. nov., Macroscapha turbida (Müller, 1908), and Macroscapha walterae sp. nov. Macroscapha scotia sp. nov.: A, paratype adult female (SNB 0024); L, M, paratype adult male (SNB 0738), ZMH K-40837. Macroscapha rehmi sp. nov.: B, paratype adult female (SNB 0028); N, O, paratype adult male (SNB 0743); ZMH K-40836. Macroscapha turbida (Müller, 1908): C, adult female (SNB 0348-DNA 85); I, adult male (SNB 0355); R, adult male (SNB 0351-DNA 88); S, adult male (SNB 0347-DNA 84) (ZMH K-41476); T, U, paralectotype (SNB 0747, ZMB 13133). Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990: D, adult female (SNB 0752, ZMH K-40821); H, adult male (SNB 0753, ZMH K-40822). Macroscapha walterae sp. nov.: E, paratype adult female (SNB 0611-DNA 318); F, J, K, paratype adult female (SNB 0462-DNA 169); G, P, (A-1) male paratype (SNB 0612-DNA 319); Q, paratype (A-1) male (SNB 0613-DNA 320) (ZMH K-41485). A–E, female appendage V; F, appendage VI; G–I, K, furca; J, appendage VII; L–O, R–U, male appendage V; P, Q, (A-1) appendage V. Scale bars = 100 Mm.

Figure 40. Appendages V and hemipenis of Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990 and Macroscapha walterae sp. nov. Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990: A, adult male (SNB 0021, ZMH K-40819); B, adult male (SNB 0052, ZMH K-40819); C, adult male (SNB 0099-DNA 2, ZMH K-41487); D, adult male (SNB 576-DNA 283, ZMH K-40822); E, adult male (SNB 0753, ZMH K-40822); F, adult male (SNB 0053, ZMH K-40819); G, adult male (SNB 0579-DNA 286, ZMH K-41487). Macroscapha walterae sp. nov.: H, O, P, paratype adult male (SNB 0745, ZMH K-41484); I, paratype adult male (SNB 0746, ZMH K-41485); J, paratype adult male (SNB 0422-DNA 129, ZMH K-41485); K, N, paratype adult male (SNB 0119-DNA 22, ZMH K-41480); L, paratype adult male (SNB 0051, ZMH K-40818); M, paratype adult male (SNB 0750, ZMH K-40818). A–E, H–M, hemipenis; F, G, O, P, male appendage V; N, copulatory rod of hemipenis. Scale bars = 100 Mm.