Dyscia intermedia, Beshkov, 2022

Beshkov, Stoyan V., 2022, Dyscia intermedia sp. n. - a new Geometrid species from Europe (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae), Ecologica Montenegrina 53, pp. 56-72 : 58-70

Dyscia intermedia sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E4324EC-9BA9-4B6A-8939-A828E68FAB2B

Type material: Holotype ( Fig. 1 ) ♂, pinned on 18 karat Japanese golden insect pin No 3, genitalia on slide, with 3 printed labels: “ Serbia, Suva Planina, Preslap // Divna Gorica, above Bela // Palanka Town, 1186 m, // N43.19473, E022.24400 // 30.VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” “Gen. prep. 1./ 31.III.2021 // S. Beshkov“ “ HOLOTYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♂ genitalia // with everted vesica // on glass in Euparal” [red paper]; genitalia slide ( Figs 19 , 35 ) with 2 labels: “Gen. prep. 1./ 31.III.2021 // S. Beshkov // Serbia, Suva Planina, Preslap // Divna Gorica, above Bela // Palanka Town, 1186 m, // N43.19473, E022.24400 // 30.VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” “ HOLOTYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♂ genitalia // with everted vesica // on glass in Euparal //” [red paper]. Paratypes (29 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀): 5 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ ( Figs 6-7 ) pinned, genitalia on slides “ Serbia, Suva Planina, Preslap // Divna Gorica, above Bela // Palanka Town, 1186 m, // N43.19473, E022.24400 // 30. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” “ PARATYPUS [♂ / ♀] // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina //” [red paper]; one ♂ with additional label “BC_Lep_SB_AH_ Apr.2021 _1”; 2 ♀♀ with third label “Gen. prep. 1./ 09.IV.2021, // S. Beshkov” and “Gen. prep. 2./ 09.IV.2021, // S. Beshkov”; genitalia slide with 2 labels: “Gen. prep. 1./ 09.IV.2021, // S. Beshkov. Serbia, // Suva Planina, Preslap // Divna Gorica, above Bela // Palanka Town, 1186 m, // N43.19473, E022.24400 // 30. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” “ PARATYPUS, ♀ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♀ genitalia // in Euparal” [red paper]; “Gen. prep. 2./ 09.IV.2021, // S. Beshkov. Serbia, // Suva Planina, Preslap // Divna Gorica, above Bela // Palanka Town, 1186 m, // N43.19473, E022.24400 // 30. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” “ PARATYPUS, ♀ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina //” ♀ genitalia // in Euparal” [red paper]; 1 ♂, pinned with two labels: “E. Serbia, Suva Planina, // Preslap, Divna Gorica above // Bela Palanka Town, 1186 m, // N43.19473, E022.24400 // 30. VI.2021, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić- Beshkova leg.” “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina //; 1 ♂, pinned with two labels: “E Serbia, Suva Planina Mts, // above Bela Palanka Town // below Divna Gorica, 1071 m, // N43.1983, E022.2551, // 30. VI.2021, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić- Beshkova leg.” “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina //; 5 ♂♂ “ Serbia, Sokobanja distr., // Rtanj Mt., Vrtače, above // Mužinac village 885 m, // N43.75875, E021.88979 // 04. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.”; “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina //” [red paper]; 1 ♂ with additional label “BC_Lep_SB_AH_ Apr.2021 _2” ( Fig. 2 ); 4 ♂♂ with third label “Gen. prep. 1./ 23.III.2021, // S. Beshkov”; “Gen. prep. 2./ 23.III.2021, // S. Beshkov” ( Fig. 3 ); “Gen. prep. 1./ 24.III2021, // S. Beshkov” ( Fig. 4 ); “Gen. prep. 1./ 30.XI.2020, // S. Beshkov” ( Fig. 5 ); genitalia slide with 2 labels: “Gen. prep. 1./ 23.III.2021, // S. Beshkov // Serbia, Sokobanja distr., // Rtanj Mt., Vrtače, above // Mužinac village 885 m, // N43.75875, E021.88979 // 04. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.”; “Gen. prep. 2./ 23.III.2021, // S. Beshkov // Serbia, Sokobanja distr., // Rtanj Mt., Vrtače, above // Mužinac village 885 m, // N43.75875, E021.88979 // 04. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” ( Fig. 20 ); “Gen. prep. 1./ 24.III.2021, // S. Beshkov // Serbia, Sokobanja distr., // Rtanj Mt., Vrtače, above // Mužinac village 885 m, // N43.75875, E021.88979 // 04. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” ( Fig. 21 ); “Gen. prep. 1./ 30.XI.2020, // S. Beshkov // Serbia, Sokobanja distr., // Rtanj Mt., Vrtače, above // Mužinac village 885 m, // N43.75875, E021.88979 // 04. VI.2020, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.” ( Fig. 22 ); and another one “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♂ genitalia // in Euparal” [red paper]; 10 ♂♂ with 2 labels “ Serbia, Soko banja // Rtanj Mt., Vrtace, above // Muzinac Village, 1030 m, // N43.7636, E021.8989 // 02.VII.2021, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić- Beshkova leg.”; and another one “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina //” [red paper]; 1 ♂ with 3 labels “ Serbia, Sokobanja // Rtanj Mt., Vrtače, above // Mužinac Village, 1030 m, // N43.7636, E021.8989 // 02.VII.2021, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić- Beshkova leg.”; “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // [red paper] ”Gen. prep. 2./ 02.XI.2021, // S. Beshkov //”, genitalia slide ( Fig. 23 ) with 2 labels “Gen. prep. 2./ 02.XI.2021, // S. Beshkov Serbia, // Sokobanja, // Rtanj Mt, Vrtače, above // Mužinac Village, 1030 m, // N43.7636, E021.8989 // 02.VII.2021, S. Beshkov & // A. Nahirnić- Beshkova leg.” “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♂ genitalia // in Euparal” [red paper]; 1 ♂ with 3 labels “E Serbia, Bela Palanka Distr., // Šljivovički Vis, above Šljivovik // Village, 925 m, // N43°08’29”; E022°23’12” // 30. V.2016, S. Beshkov // & A. Nahirnić leg.”; “Gen. prep. 1./ 21.II.2017, // S. Beshkov”; “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♂ genitalia on glass // in Euparal” [red paper]; genitalia slide with 2 labels: “Gen. prep. 1./ 21.II.2017, // S. Beshkov. E Serbia, Bela // Palanka District, Šljivovički // Vis Mt, above Šljivovik // Village, 925 m, N43°08’29” // E022°23’12”, 30. V.2016, // S. Beshkov & A. Nahirnić // leg.”; “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina // ♂ genitalia on glass // in Euparal” [red paper] ( Fig. 24 ); 5 ♂♂ with 2 labels “E Serbia, Bela Palanka, // Šljivovički Vis, above // Šljivovik Village, 1043 m, // N43.1519; E022.3848 // 01.VII.2021, S. Beshkov & // A. Nahirnić- Beshkova leg.”; “ PARATYPUS, ♂ // Dyscia intermedia // Beshkov, 2022 // Ecologica Montenegrina “.

Holotype and many paratypes are deposed in the collection of S. Beshkov in the National Museum of Natural History , Sofia ( NMNHS). Some of the paratypes will be distributed to important European museums and collections (Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest) and some other.

Description: Wingspan (max length outer margin-outer margin) 39 mm (holotype), males: max 40 mm, min 33 mm, average 36.6 mm (n =30), females max 38 mm, min. 37 mm, average 37.5 mm (n =2). Wing colour in both sexes ivory to grey irrorated weakly with blackish grey-brown ( Figs 1-7 ). Antemedial and subterminal lines broken into dots, latter evenly curved. Terminal line fine, brownish. Fringes with rusty tint, slightly paler than wings. Discal spot distinct, blackish-brown, more or less rounded, more compact on the forewings, with exceptions on the forewings hollow. Underside of the wings same as upperside, but forewings slightly darker. Frons, collar and thorax uniform white. Abdomen concolorous with wings. Palpi short, brownish, not extended beyond frons. Proboscis strongly reduced. Male antennae bipectinate, (the longest lamellae ca 1 mm), female antennae filiform. Hind tibia of both sexes with 2+2 unequal spurs, midtibia with 2 unequal spurs. Tympanical organs small, ca 0.7 mm diameter. Amount of irrorarion and contrast slightly variable.

Male genitalia. Uncus small, membranous, weakly setose. Socii absent. Gnathos arms narrow, fussed ventrally. Valva wide, upright, apex round, with stout setae. Costa base moderate with more or less triangular elongated tooth-like extension, pointed upward, apex acute or with additional small tooth. Margin between these extensions as a sinusoid with its mirror image. Ventral margin of valva with concavity. Valva fused dorsally. Juxta large, sclerotized. Saccus wide, round, with upright triangular extension medially ( Figs 19-24 , 35 ). Aedeagus length 2.8 mm, weakly curved, subapically tapering. Caecum long, with keel-shaped extension. Everted vesica tubular, without sclerotisations, with small rounded diverticula on the basis near the tip of the aedeagus ( Figs 37, 38a, 39a, 40 ). Vesica opens at approximately 90 degree angle upwards from the plane where the aedeagus lies.

Female genitalia. Papillae anales setose. Apophyses posteriors 1.3 mm long, length of apophyses anteriores 0.4 mm. Lamella antevaginalis more sclerotised distally, distal part wrinkled, margins twisted upwards. Lamella postvaginalis margins sclerotized, arched, forming semicircle. Sterigma oval, elongated. Ductus bursae sclerotized, almost as long as wide, ostium bursae oval. Corpus bursae membranous, covered with minute spines, oval, ventral part pointed upwards ( Figs 43-48a ).

Differential diagnosis: The new species is very similar in appearance to its relatives, closest to Dyscia raunaria ( Figs 8-14 ) and D. royaria . From D. royaria (Fig. 15) and from some individuals of D. conspersaria (Figs 16-17) it can be diagnosed reliably only by genitalia examination. Dyscia conspersaria (Figs 16-17) is rustier than whitish, forewing subterminal line often ending with dark patch near tornus. Dyscia innocentaria is pale, more contrasted, subterminal line with dark patch near tornus, although in southern Italy there are D. innocentaria externally quite similar to Dyscia intermedia sp. n. (Axel Hausmann, pers. comm. Jan 3. 2022). Dyscia innocentaria from Peloponnesus externally also looks quite different (Fig. 18). Dyscia sultanica Wehrli, 1936 , described from Asia Minor, Sultan Dagh, is treated as a subspecies of D. conspersaria , because all of the number of characters which led to regarding sultanica as a species are gradual and not clearly definable ( Trusch & Erlacher, 2003).

In the male genitalia the costa base in both D. raunaria ( Figs 25-29 , 34 ) and D. royaria (Figs 30, 33) is more massive with much shorter not well defined dentate extension. The differences between D. raunaria and D. royaria are discussed in Skou & Sihvonen (2015). In D. conspersaria ( Figs 31-32, 36 ) valvae are more elongated, costa base bearing long, thumb-like extension with small teeth on the tip. Dyscia intermedia sp. n. ( Fig. 35 ) takes an intermediate place ( Figs 34-36 ) with more or less triangular elongated tooth-like extension, with small teeth at the tip. Genitalia of D. innocentaria are very distinctive with bilobal valvae. Aedeagus of the new species as in D. raunaria ( Fig. 38b, 39b, 41 ), in D. conspersaria the tip of the aedeagus is furcated ( Fig. 42 ). In Dyscia intermedia sp. n. the vesica opens at approximately 90 degree angle upwards from the plane where the aedeagus lies. In Dyscia raunaria the everted vesica lies in plane with the aedeagus ( Figs 38-39 ).

In the female genitalia of Dyscia intermedia sp. n. ( Figs 43-48a ) apophyses posteriors are 1.4 mm long, apophyses anteriores - 0.4 mm. In Dyscia raunaria apophyses posteriors are longer – from 1.5 mm to 2 mm, length of the apophyses anteriores are 0.7mm. In Dyscia intermedia sp. n. ductus bursae almost as long as wide, ostium oval. In Dyscia raunaria ductus bursae funnel-shaped, longer than wide, ostium elliptical to triangular ( Figs 48 b-53). Genitalia of D. conspersaria ( Fig. 54 ) and D. innocentaria are very distinctive.

Molecular data: Two males ( BC _Lep_SB_AH_ Apr.2021 _1 and BC_Lep_SB_AH_ Apr.2021 _2) and one female ( BC _Lep_SB_AH_ Apr.2021 _3) were sent to Dr. Axel Hausmann (Munich, D.) for molecular investigation. On January, 03th Axel Hausmann wrote to the present author: “…I have to tell you that the DNA of the three Dyscia turned out to match D. innocentaria to 100.0%”… Obviously, sent specimens do not correspond to D. innocentaria both in appearance and genitalia (the male genitalia of D. innocentaria , not illustrated here, are completely different - valva is divided, tip of the aedeagus is bifid). Barcoding of the Balkans and Italian D. innocentaria shows two separate clusters (Peter Huemer, pers. comm. Jan 17, 2022). According to the genetic data Dyscia govii Fiumi & Flamigni, 2013 , which in Skou & Sihvonen (2015) is downgraded to subspecies of D. innocentaria , is diverging 2.0% from D. royaria and 2.7% from D. innocentaria ( Skou & Sihvonen, 2015; Müller et al. 2019). Dyscia intermedia sp.n. in appearance and genital features is closer to Dyscia raunaria , which forms cluster separately from D. innocentaria , then to D. conspersaria , which is diverging 2.8% from D. innocentaria . The relevant distances of D. raunairia and the " innocentaria " cluster from the Balkans is with a minimum distance of 3.75% (Peter Huemer, pers. comm. 06.II.2022). Because of this obvious inadequacy, the molecular data of the new species, which are overlapping with these of D. innocentaria are not taken into account here. The molecular data of the new species would be taken into account, if they matched D. raunaria or D. royaria , but not D. innocentaria .

Habitat: In three localities where Dyscia intermedia sp. n. is found (Suva Planina Mts, Šljivovički Vis Mt. and Rtanj Mt.) Artemisia alba Turra is well represented. Habitat type: Mountain petrophytic steppes 02E1. Relationships with habitat classifications: EUNIS: E1.21 Helleno-Balkan [ Satureja montana ] steppes; PAL. CLASS.: 34.311 Helleno-Balkan savory steppes; HD 92/43: 62A0 Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneretalia villosae).

Distribution and flight period: Potentially an endemic for eastern Serbia, known from Suva Planina Mts (type locality: Fig. 55 ), Šljivovički Vis Mt. and Rtanj Mt., on each mountain with two localities close to each other in altitude 885-1186 m.a.s.l. Recorded flight period is from the very end of May to the beginning of July (May 30 th – July 04 th).

Derivatio nominis: Derived from the Latin adjective “intermedium” which in English means “between two things”. “intermedia ” should be treated as a single feminine nominative. Dyscia intermedia sp. n. in the shape and length of the costal extensions of the valvae takes intermediate place between D. raunaria / D. royaria and D. conspersaria .

Figures

Figure 55. Type locality: Serbia, Suva Planina Mts, Divna Gorica above Bela Palanka Town.

Figures 1-6. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n. 1. ♂. Holotype, SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./31.III.2021, SB. 2. ♂. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, BC_Lep_SB_AH. 3. ♂. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./23.III.2021, SB. 4. ♂. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./24.III.2021, SB. 5. ♂. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./30.XI.2020, SB. 6. ♀. Paratype, SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./09.IV.2021, SB.

Figures 19-24. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., male genitalia. 19. Holotype, SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./31.III.2021, SB. 20. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./23.III.2021, SB. 21. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./24.III.2021, SB. 22. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 885m, 04.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./30.XI.2021, SB. 23. Paratype, SRB, Rtanj Mt., above Mužinac village, 1030m, 02.VII.2021, Gen. prep. 2./02.XI.2021, SB. 24. Paratype, SRB, Šljivovički Vis, 30.V.2016, Gen. prep. 1./21.II.2017, SB.

Figures 31-36. Male genitalia. 31-32. Dyscia conspersaria. 31. SRB, Stara Planina, Gornji Krivodol, 16.VI.2015, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 1./11.VI.2021, SB. 32. SRB, Pirot, Crni Vrh, 02.VI.2015, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./11.VI.2021, SB. 33. Dyscia royaria, Italy, Abruzo National Park, Sperone, (AQ) 1200 m, 08.VI.2001, S. Beshkov, A. Zilli & M. Langourov leg. Gen. prep. 1./04.II.2022, SB. 34. Dyscia raunaria, Albania, Shkodra, Vau i Dejes, 05.X.2019, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./22.III.2021, SB. 35. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., Holotype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./31.III.2021, SB. 36. Dyscia conspersaria, SRB, Stara Planina, Gornji Krivodol, 16.VI.2015, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 1./11.VI.2021, SB.

Figures 7-12. 7. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n. ♀. Paratype, SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./09.IV.2021, SB. 8-12. Dyscia raunaria. 8. ♂. Albania, Tomori, 1739m, 13.VII.2018, SB & AN. 9. ♂. Albania, Bjeshkët e Nemuna Mts, between Qafa e Thores and Theth, 1657m, 19.VII.2018, SB & AN. 10. ♂. Albania, Shkodra, Vau i Dejes, 05.X.2019, Gen. prep. 2./22.III.2021, SB. 11. ♂. Albania, Korça, Boboshtica, 19.V.2017, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 3./28.II.2018, SB. 12. ♂. North Macedonia, Galičica, Dvata Yavora, 03.VII.2016, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./31.III.2021, SB.

Figures 37-42. Aedeagus with everted vesica. 37-38a. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., holotype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./31.III.2021, SB, not covered. 38b. Dyscia raunaria. North Macedonia, Galičica, Dvata Yavora, 03.VII.2016, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./31.III.2021, SB, not covered. 39a. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., holotype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./31.III.2021, SB, not covered. 39b. Dyscia raunaria. North Macedonia, Galičica, Dvata Yavora, 03.VII.2016, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./31.III.2021, SB, not covered. 40-42. Tip of the aedeagi. 40. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., holotype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./31.III.2021, SB. 41. Dyscia raunaria. North Macedonia, Galičica, Dvata Yavora, 03.VII.2016, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./31.III.2021, SB. 42. Dyscia conspersaria. SRB, Pirot, Crni Vrh, 02.VI.2015, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./11.VI.2021, SB.

Figures 43-46. Female genitalia. 43. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., paratype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./09.IV.2021, SB, not covered. 44. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., paratype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./09.IV.2021, SB, covered. 45- 46. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., paratype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./09.IV.2021, SB, lateral view, not covered.

Figures 47-50. Female genitalia. 47. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., paratype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 1./09.IV.2021, SB, covered. 48a. Dyscia intermedia Beshkov sp. n., paratype. SRB, Suva Planina, Divna Gorica, 1186 m, 30.VI.2020, Gen. prep. 2./09.IV.2021, SB, not covered. 48b. Dyscia raunaria. Albania, Tirana, Mali me Gropa, 1501 m, 16.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 3./09.IV.2021, SB, not covered. 49. Dyscia raunaria. Albania, Tirana, Mali me Gropa, 1501 m, 16.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 3./09.IV.2021, SB, not covered. 50. Dyscia raunaria. Albania, Tirana, Mali me Gropa, 1501 m, 16.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 3./09.IV.2021, SB, covered.

Figures 13-14. Dyscia raunaria. 13. ♂. Albania, Tirana, Shkallë, 29.VI.2017, SB & AN, Gen. prep 1./14.II.2018, SB. 14. ♀. Albania, Tirana, Shkallë, 08.VI.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep 2./20.V.2021, SB. 15. Dyscia royaria, ♂. Italy, Abruzo National Park, Sperone, (AQ) 1200 m, 08.VI.2001, S. BESHKOV, A. ZILLI & M. LANGOUROV leg. 16-17. Dyscia conspersaria. 16. ♂. SRB, Pirot, Crni Vrh, 02.VI.2015, SB & AN. 17. ♀. Bulgaria, “Ponorite” above Beledie Han Village, Sofia Region, 06.VI.2009; 18. Dyscia innocentaria, ♂. Greece, Peloponnesus, between Sparti and Tripoli, 09.V.2017.

Figures 25-29. Dyscia raunaria, male genitalia. 25. Albania, Tirana, Mali me Gropa, 1501m, 16.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./01.IV.2021, SB. 26. Albania, Bjeshkët e Nemuna Mts, between Qafa e Thores and Theth, 1657m, 19.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 1./25.V.2021, SB. 27. Albania, Shkodra, Vau i Dejes, 05.X.2019, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./22.III.2021, SB. 28. Albania, Tirana, Shkallë, 08.VI.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep 1./01.IV.2021, SB. 29. North Macedonia, Galičica, Dvata Yavora, 03.VII.2016, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 2./31.III.2021, SB. 30. Dyscia royaria male genitalia. Italy, Abruzo National Park, Sperone, (AQ) 1200 m, 08.VI.2001, S. Beshkov, A. Zilli & M. Langourov leg. Gen. prep. 1./04.II.2022, SB.

Figures 51-54. Female genitalia. 51. Dyscia raunaria. Albania, Tirana, Mali me Gropa, 1501 m, 16.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 3./09.IV.2021, SB, lateral view from both sides, not covered. 52. Dyscia raunaria. Albania, Tirana, Mali me Gropa, 1501 m, 16.VII.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep. 1./08.IV.2021, SB, not covered. 53. Dyscia raunaria. Albania, Tirana, Shkallë, 08.VI.2018, SB & AN, Gen. prep 2./20.V.2021, SB, covered. 54. Dyscia conspersaria. Bulgaria, “Ponorite” above Beledie Han Village, Sofia Region, 06.VI.2009, Gen. prep. 1./27.I.2022, SB, covered.