Sapotes setosus Jones and O’Brien, 2007

Gotoh, Hiroki & Lavine, Laura C., 2007, Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (2), pp. 208-223 : 218-220

Sapotes setosus Jones and O’Brien , new species

Figs. 2D , 3C, 3D , 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H , 5I .

Type Series. Holotype. MEXICO: San Luis Potosí, Municipio Guadalacazar , 3 km E Huizache, 16-ix-00, R. Jones, on Larrea tridentata (UAQE) (male) . Paratypes. MEXICO: San Luis Potosí, Municipio Guadalacazar , 3 km E Huizache, 16-ix-00, R. Jones, on Larrea tridentata (UAQE) (40 males, 46 females) ( UAQE, CWOB, USNM, TAMU, CNIN, CMNC) ; 5–7 m E Cd. Maiz , Oct. 22 1979, J. E. Wappes ( CWOB) (1 female) ; 34 mi. S. Matehuala, 22 Oct. 1979, R. Turnbow ( CWOB) (3 females) ; 19.6 mi n Huizache , July 25, 1976, Peigler, Gruetzmacher, R & M Murray, Schaffner ( TAMU) (1 female) ; 0.5 mi S. San Lorenzo, July 5, 1974, Clark, Murray, Ashe, Schaffner ( TAMU) (1 female) ;

Zacatecas, 4 miles northeast Concepción del Oro, July 4 1984, J. B. Woolley 84/ 014 ( TAMU) (3 females); 4 miles northeast Concepción del Oro , July 4 1984, Carroll, Schaffner, Friedlander ( TAMU) (1 female) ; Nuevo León, 90 mi. S. Saltillo, 27-vii-1966, col. W. D. McLellen: Host: Creosote bush (1 male) ( CWOB) .

Description. Body oblong, length males 3.2–3.9 mm (mean 3.49 ± 0.26), width 1.4–1.7 mm (mean 1.55 ± 0.12); length females 3.1–4.2 mm (mean 3.76 ± 0.38), width 1.3–2.3 mm (mean 1.74 ± 0.27. Integument covered with dense, grey to black, imbricate rounded scales (0.05 mm), uniformly overlapping on legs, head, and elytra. Setae long and finely tapered, (0.33–0.38 mm), dark brown to black on elytra ( Figs. 3C and 3D ); shorter and impressed on head, brown on elytra and prothorax; shorter (0.1 mm) and impressed on head, and paler and sparser on abdominal sterna. Head in lateral view with only slight depression between rostrum and frons, with distinct, narrow, medial sulcus extending from base of rostrum to edge of rostral disc. Setae on frons and vertex evenly spaced, 0.01 mm, and inclined. Rostrum with distinct narrow, medial sulcus extending from base of rostrum to edge of rostral disc and two lateral, subparallel sulci, extending from just above rostral disc and abruptly arching at 90 ° to base of eyes. Rostral disc triangular, with circular, shiny scales, dense basally becoming less dense apically. Setae evenly spaced, 0.05 mm, and inclined; on lateral portion of rostrum below scrobes, setae short and white and slightly curved (0.05–0.06 mm). Dorsal and ventral margin of scrobe well defined and passing at base of eye. Eyes large, oblong, approximately 1/3 as high as wide (0.24 X 0.36 mm). Antennae densely clothed with round scales and setae. Scape approximately 2/3 length of funicule plus club. Funicular antennomere 1 almost as long as 2 and 3 combined. Club with three divisions, each ringed with small setae at junctures and clothed with fine pubescence. Prothorax 1.3 wider than long in dorsal view (1.0– 1.5 mm wide; 0.86–1.1 mm long), widest at midpoint. Anterior margin with postocular lobes well developed, bearing vibrissae located from base to apical margin of eye, and not as long as width of second funicular antennomere. Punctures relatively prominent on disc (0.07–0.10 mm) and setae on dorsum equal in length to that on elytra. Scutellum inconspicuous, and sometimes not visible (0.05 X 0.07 mm), often only evidenced by minute (0.05 mm) white circle. Elytra broadly rounded in dorsal view, length 1.9–2.7 mm, widest at midpoint (1.4–2.2 mm), sharply rounded apically to straight, declivity greater than 80 ° ( Fig. 3C ). Declivity in males close to 90 ° and straight ( Fig. 3C ); females more angled with apex flared slightly (as in Fig. 1C ). In dorsal view, basal margin concave and slightly carinate. Intervals nearly flat, with large, tapered, upright setae (length 0.25–0.36 mm) aligned in single, linear row down middle; punctures shallow and filled with scales. Scales highly variable in color and arranged in patches of white, grey and tan. Abdomen ventrally clothed in dense, rounded, imbricate scales with irregularly spaced, tan setae (ca. 0.2 mm). Sternum 1 approximately twice length of 2, with a linear impression parallel to anterior edge between metacoxae. Sternum 2 subequal in length to combined length of 3 and 4. Sternum 5 wider than long, and broadly rounded at apex. Legs. Procoxae contiguous; mesocoxae separated by distance equal to width of second funicular segment; metacoxae separated by twice width of one metacoxa femur unarmed; tibia mucronate, with protibia with three to four small spines on apical 2/3 of inner margin; corbel on metatibia closed, and heavily clothed with flattened, white scales; tarsi anteriad with scales and setae, pubescent beneath, with tarsomere 3 bi-lobed. Male

genitalia. Median lobe 1.6 by 0.16 mm, strongly sclerotized, cylindrical, black; in lateral view strongly curved in apical third, approximately 50 ° from line drawn from base of apodemes to basal third with that from base of apodemes to lobe tip, tip slightly dilated; in dorsal view apical portion slightly constricted and rounded; endophallus with sclerotized circular process at base ( Fig. 4E, 4F ). Spiculum gastrale asymmetrical and complex apically, 1.6 X 0.4 mm; in lateral view evenly curved along length, with weakly sclerotized, oblong base; apical portion with lateral double-pronged projections offset approximately 20 ° from perpendicular, with three to five setae on rounded apices ( Fig. 4G ). Phallobase 1.4 X 0.2 mm, highly sclerotized in basal arm, becoming membranous apically ( Fig. 4H ). Female

genitalia similar to S. caseyi (see Figs. 5C, 5D ). Ovipositor with lightly sclerotized cylindrical tube, 1.10 mm in length by 0.50 mm in width, with 15 to 25 setae in apical third. Sternum 8 simple, 1.8 by 0.3 mm, with 25 to 35 setae in apical rounded portion; total length with apodeme approximately 1.9 mm. Spermatheca C-shaped, enlarged portion with two ducts connected to tapered extension ( Fig. 5I ), length 0.23 mm from extension to ducts.

Diagnosis. This is the smallest species of the genus, but has the largest setae on the elytra and prothorax (0.33–0.38 mm), distinguishing the species from S. sordidus and S. puncticollis . There are fewer than five teeth on the inner margin of the protibia, distinguishing this species form S. longipilis and S. puncticollis . The male median lobe is large (1/4 to 1/3 body length), heavily sclerotized, and curved sharply downward at the tip, with a unique circular sclerotized process in the endophallus at the base of the lobe ( Fig. 4E ). No distinct differences were found in the morphology of the female genitalia among the species.

Biology. As with S. sordidus , adults were collected on Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. (Zygophyllaceae) , (Rzedowski and Calderón de Rzedowski 1994), although these were present on plants during the day. Individuals were found in copula in September. This species was collected in the Saladan subprovince of the Chihuahuan desert ( Morafka 1977), to which it apparently is restricted. Long body hairs are considered an adaptation in other Entiminae for sand dwelling (Anderson and Howden 2004), which may also be the case for this species. Areas where this species was collected have fine, powdery soil that often accumulates at the base of plants.

Etymology. This epithet is derived from the Latin adjective, setosus (5 bristly) and refers to the long, straight setae on the prothorax and elytra of this species.

Figures

Fig. 2. A–E. Size and arrangement of teeth on inner margin of protibia of species of Sapotes: A. S. longipilis; B. S. puncticollis; C. S. caseyi; D. S. setosus; E. S. sordidus.

Fig. 3. A–J, habitus of species of Sapotes. A. lateral view of male S. sordidus (4.46 mm); B. dorsal view of male S. sordidus; C. lateral view of male S. setosus (3.36 mm); D. dorsal view of male S. setosus; E. lateral view of female S. caseyi (4.32 mm); F. dorsal view of female S. caseyi; G. lateral view of female S. puncticollis (5.09 mm); H. dorsal view of female S. puncticollis; I. lateral view of female S. longipilis (5.04 mm); J. dorsal view of female S. longipilis.

Fig. 4. A–H, male genitalia of Sapotes. Reference lines to the left of figures equal to 0.5 mm. A. dorsal view of median lobe of S. sordidus; B. lateral view of median lobe of S. sordidus; C. dorsal view of spiculum gastrale of S. sordidus; D. phallobase of S. sordidus; E. dorsal view of median lobe of S. setosus; F. lateral view of median lobe of S. setosus; G. dorsal view of spiculum gastrale of S. setosus; H. phallobase of S. setosus.

Fig. 5. A–I, male and female genitalia of Sapotes. Reference line to the right of figures equal to 0.5 mm. A–B. apical portion of male median lobe of S. longipilis; A. dorsal and B. lateral view. C. ovipositor of S. caseyi. D. sternum 8 of S. caseyi. E–I, spermathecae of Sapotes species, with length from tip of arm to ducts: E. S. puncticollis (0.27 mm); F. S. longipilis (0.35 mm); G. S. caseyi (0.30 mm); H. S. sordidus (0.28 mm); I. S setosus (0.23 mm).

Fig. 1. A) rostrum of Sapotes longipilis showing medial sulcus and arching lateral sulci. B–C, sexual dimorphism in elytral declivity of Sapotes sordidus: B) elytral declivity of male S. sordidus; C) elytral declivity of female S. sordidus.