Sabaconidae Dresco, 1970

SCHÖNHOFER, AXEL L., 2013, Axel L. Schönhofer, Zootaxa 3679 (1), pp. 1-68 : 16-19

Family Sabaconidae Dresco, 1970

Sabaconidae Dresco, 1970: 1210 (only including Sabacon ); type genus Sabacon Simon, 1879a by monotypy and original designation;— Martens 1978: 225; 1983: 269; Shear 1986: 3 (compr. Sabacon , Taracus ); Giribet et al. 2010: 421 (compr. Hesperonemastoma , Sabacon , Taracus ); new composition (compr. Sabacon ).

Diagnosis. Dyspnoi of the superfamily Ischyropsalidoidea with a disjunct Holarctic distribution. Defined by peculiarities of male genital morphology, molecular phylogenetic evidence and the peculiar shape and functionality of palps. Palps densely set with bottlebrush-shaped hairs, inflated in all parts, most pronounced in females and juveniles; tarsus freely movable to dorsal and ventral side. Chelicerae small to moderate in size, in many species males with glandular fields on dorsal side of proximal cheliceral segment, often associated with large apophyses. Truncus penis of complex shape, with a deeply split base drawn out in two long roots, forming an upside-down Ystructure with the two basal branches bent towards the truncus. A single muscle situated outside the truncus and mounted between the truncus roots, connected with the distal part of the penis by a long tendon running through the truncus. Further characters of truncus, glans and stylus very variable, but penial stylus generally very long, if not modified. Ventral region poorly sclerotised, generally smooth and glossy without armature or microstructure. Labium absent, coxae without coxal apophyses. Frontal margin of opisthosoma with a median furrow. Two metapeltidial sensory cones.

Genus Sabacon Simon, 1879a (35 species, 4 subspecies)

Sabacon Simon, 1879a: 266 ; type species Sabacon paradoxus Simon, 1879a by monotypy.

Phlegmacera Packard, 1884: 203 ; type species Phlegmacera cavicolens Packard, 1884 , by monotypy;—syn. Roewer 1914: 123.

Tomicomerus Pavesi, 1899: 533 ; type species Tomicomerus bryantii Banks, 1898 by monotypy;—syn. Shear 1986: 5 (see also Remarks on bryantii ).

Parasabacon Hansen & Sørensen, 1904: 83 ; type species Nemastoma crassipalpis L. Koch, 1879 by monotypy;—syn. Roewer 1914: 123.

Remarks. Roewer (1914) and subsequent authors treated Sabacon as neuter in gender, while Gruber (2003) clarified it to be masculine, but did not list species names with corrected ending. In a list of species from France and Spain, Prieto (2008) stated that Gruber had corrected the endings. Additional mandatory changes made for the first time according to Gruber are indicated by “new ending”.

Etymology. Gender masculine; from Greek “Sabákon” (Egyptian king). For details see ( Gruber 2003).

akiyoshiensis Suzuki, 1963 ; loc. typ.: Japan, Yamaguchi Pref., Miné-shi, Ōmine-machi, Satoyamase, Satoyamaseno-ana Cave.

Sabacon akiyoshiensis Suzuki, 1963: 156

Sabacon akiyoshiense — Suzuki 1974a: 102.

altomontanus Martens, 1983 ; loc. typ.: France, Dép. Hautes-Pyrénées, SW Lannemézan.

Sabacon altomontanum Martens, 1983: 290 .

Sabacon altomontanus — Prieto 2008: 51.

astoriensis Shear, 1975: 24; loc. typ.: USA, Oregon, Clatsop Co., Fort Stevens State Park.

briggsi Shear, 1975: 26; loc. typ.: USA, California, Marin Co., Bolinas Ridge.

bryantii ( Banks, 1898) ; loc. typ.: USA, Alaska, Mt. St. Elias, Malaspina Glacier. Remarks. Changes to the original spelling “ bryantii ” are prohibited (ICZN 33.4). The generic placement of bryantii remains to be investigated. It appears to have morphological traits of both Sabacon and Taracus , but new material is needed for further investigation ( Shear 1975, 1986).

Phlegmacera bryantii Banks, 1898: 16 .

Tomicomerus bryantii — Roewer 1914: 127.

Tomicomerus bispinosus Pavesi, 1899: 533 ;—syn. Roewer 1914: 127.

Tomicomerus bryanti — Shear 1975: 26 (incorrect subsequent spelling).

Sabacon bryanti — Shear 1986: 5.

cavicolens ( Packard, 1884) ; loc. typ.: USA, Kentucky, Carter Co., Bat Cave.

Phlegmacera cavicolens Packard, 1884: 203 .

Phlegmacera cavicoleus — Banks 1894b: 52; Banks 1901: 677 (misspellings).

Nemastoma inops Packard, 1884: 203 ;—syn. Shear 2010b: 107.

Sabacon spinosus Weed, 1893: 575 ;—syn. Banks 1894b: 40.

Sabacon jonesi Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942: 1 ; syn. n. Remarks. Shear (1975: 8) tentatively placed jonesi close to cavicolens which is accepted and the synonymy formally established here.

Hesperonemastoma inops — Gruber 1970: 138.

Sabacon cavicolens — Shear 1975: 13.

chomolongmae Martens, 1972: 312; loc. typ.: Nepal, Khumbu, Dhud-Kosi Valley, Lughla.

crassipalpis (L. Koch, 1879) ; loc. typ.: Siberia, Tunguska, 4 mi S om Podsk (see also Martens 1989: 370). Nemastoma crassipalpis L. Koch, 1879: 111 .

Sabacon crassipalpis — Roewer 1914: 125; Martens 1989: 370 (redescr.); Chemeris & Logunov 2000: 207 (redescr.).

dentipalpis Suzuki, 1949 ; loc. typ.: Japan, Kyoto suburbs, vicinity of Kibuné Shrine.

Sabacon dentipalpe Suzuki, 1949: 8 ; new ending.

dhaulagiri Martens, 1972: 314; loc. typ.: Nepal, Thakkola, ascend to Dapa-Col.

distinctus Suzuki, 1974a; loc. typ.: Japan, Kumamoto Pref., Kamimashiki-gun, Yabé-cho, Fusé-dô Cave.

Sabacon distinctum Suzuki, 1974a: 105 ; new ending.

franzi Roewer, 1953a: 208 ; loc. typ.: Spain, Sierra de Ancares.

gonggashan Tsurusaki & Song, 1993: 158; loc. typ.: China, Sichuan Prov., Kangding, W slope of Mount Gong-ga-

shan.

imamurai Suzuki, 1964: 58; loc. typ.: Japan, Tokyo Pref., Nippara-dô Cave.

iriei Suzuki, 1974a: 103; loc. typ.: Japan, Kumamoto Pref., Yatsushiro-gun, Izumi-son, Ochiai, Yayama-daké-no-

tateana.

jiriensis Martens, 1972: 317; loc. typ.: Nepal, Jiri, ascend to Chordung.

ishizuchi Suzuki, 1974a: 100; loc. typ.: Japan, Ehime Pref., Mount Ishizuchi.

makinoi makinoi Suzuki, 1949 ; loc. typ.: Japan, Hokkaido, Nopporo.

Sabacon makinoi Suzuki, 1949: 15 .

Sabacon habei Suzuki, 1965: 41 ;—syn. Suzuki 1974a: 90.

Sabacon makinoi makinoi — Suzuki & Tsurusaki 1983: 232.

makinoi sugimotoi Suzuki & Tsurusaki, 1983: 232; loc. typ.: Japan, Akita Pref., L. Towada, Haka camping site.

martensi Tsurusaki & Song, 1993: 155 ; loc. typ.: China, Sichuan Prov., Kangding, W slope of Mount Gong-ga-

shan.

mitchelli Crosby & Bishop, 1924 ; loc. typ.: USA, North Carolina, Yancey Co., Mt. Mitchell.

Sabacon mitchelli Crosby & Bishop, 1924: 23 ;— Shear 1975: 17 (redescr.).

occidentalis ( Banks, 1894b) ; loc. typ.: USA, Washington, Olympia.

Phlegmacera occidentalis Banks, 1894b: 51 .

Sabacon occidentalis — Shear 1975: 19 (redescr.).

okadai Suzuki, 1941: 16; loc. typ.: China, Manchukuo, Moukden.

palpogranulatus Martens, 1972; loc. typ.: Nepal, Khumbu, Lughla.

Sabacon palpogranulatum Martens, 1972: 319 ; new ending.

paradoxus Simon, 1879a ; loc. typ.: France, Dép. Herault, caves.

Sabacon paradoxus Simon, 1879a: 266 ;— Gruber 2003: 6; Prieto 2008: 51.

Sabacon paradoxum — Roewer 1914: 124; 1923: 695; Martens 1983: 274.

pasonianus Luque, 1991 ; loc. typ.: Spain, Cantabria, Alto Asón-Miera.

Sabacon picosantrum p-asonianum Luque, 1991: 18.

Sabacon picosantrum asonianum — Luque 1992: 144 (misspelling).

Sabacon picosantrum asoniarum — Luque 1992: 144 (misspelling).

Sabacon p-asonianum — Luque 1992: errata.

Sabacon pasonianum — Luque 1993: 131.

Sabacon pasonianus — Prieto 2008: 51.

Remarks. The different spellings in Luque (1992) are listed in the errata of the same paper and probably reflect no flaw by the author.

picosantrum Martens, 1983: 292 ; loc. typ.: Spain, Picos de Europa, Asturias, “Walking Stick Pot” Cave. Remarks. Gruber (in Prieto 2008: 51) considered the species epithet a noun in apposition and therefore did not alter the ending (IUCN 31.2.1).

pygmaeus Miyosi, 1942a; loc. typ.: Japan, Ehime Pref., Saraga-Miné Mountains.

Sabacon pygmaeum Miyosi, 1942a: 165 ; new ending.

relictus Marten, 1972; loc. typ.: Nepal, Kathmandu Valley, Mount Phulchoki.

Sabacon relictum Marten, 1972: 320 ; new ending.

satoikioi Miyosi, 1942b ; loc. typ.: Japan, Ehime Pref., Saraga-Miné Mountains.

Sabacon sato-ikioi Miyosi, 1942b: 49 .

Sabacon satoikioi — Suzuki 1974a: 100.

sergeidedicatus Martens, 1989; loc. typ.: Siberia, Altai Mountains, Cherga, Artybash, Teletskoye Lake .

Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989: 372 ;— Chemeris & Logunov 2000: 210 (redescr.); new ending.

sheari Cokendolpher, 1984: 989; loc. typ.: USA, Oregon, Benton Co., Marys Peak.

simoni Dresco, 1952: 123 ; loc. typ.: France, Dép. Alpes-Maritimes, Fôret de Turini.

siskiyou Shear, 1975: 22: loc. typ.: USA, California, Siskiyou Co., 3mi N McCloud.

unicornis Martens, 1972: 316; loc. typ.: Nepal, Gorapani Pass, betw. Pokhara and Kali-Gandaki Valley.

viscayanus viscayanus Simon, 1881a ; loc. typ.: Spain, Orduña, Cueva de la Embajada.

Sabacon viscayanus Simon, 1881a: 128 .

Sabacon vizcayanus — Dresco 1952: 122; Gruber 2003: 6; Prieto 2008: 51.

Sabacon viscayanum viscayanum — Martens 1983: 277.

Sabacon viscayasanum viscayasanum — Luque 1992: 143.

Sabacon inflatus nomen nudum. Remarks. Dresco (1952: 118) found a specimen labelled inflatus in Simon’s collection to be identical with viscayanus . The name reappears as a mere notice in Dresco (1955: 42) and Rambla (1967: 10).

viscayanus ramblaianus Martens, 1983; loc. typ.: France, SW Lourdes, Val d’Ouzon, N. Ferrières.

Sabacon viscayanum ramblaianum Martens, 1983: 278 .

Sabacon viscayanus ramblaianus — Prieto 2008: 51.