Phoneutria eickstedtae, Bertani, Rosana Martins Rogério, 2007

Bertani, Rosana Martins Rogério, 2007, The non-Amazonian species of the Brazilian wandering spiders of the genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae: Ctenidae), with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 1526, pp. 1-36 : 14-15

Phoneutria eickstedtae sp. nov.

( Figs 8 , 12 , 16 , 27 , 31 , 35 , 39 , 43 , 47 , 51 , 55 , 59 , 68 )

Material examined

Holotype. Female, Faunal Rescue in Peixe-Angical Hidroelectric Power Station, Peixe [12º20’54”S, 48º14’98”W, Tocantins, Brazil], 13 March 2006, R. Bertani, ( IBSP 70406). Paratype. Male, same locality, 10 February 2006, R.M.G. de Andrade ( IBSP 71058).

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Goiás: Alto Paraíso, 14º07’S, 47º30’W, 1Ψ ( IBSP 2676); Minaçu, Usina Hidrelétrica da Serra da Mesa, 13º31’S, 48º13’W, 1Ψ ( IBSP 14636); Mineiros, Parque Nacional das Emas, 17º34’S, 52º33’W, 1ɗ ( IBSP 9529); Rio Verde, 17º47’S, 50º55’W, 1Ψ ( IBSP 563), 1Ψ ( IBSP 564), 1Ψ ( IBSP 704), 1Ψ ( IBSP 3432); São Domingos, Parque Estadual Terra Ronca, 13º23’S, 46º19’W, 1ɗ ( IBSP 35020), 1ɗ ( IBSP 35021), São Bernardo cave, 1Ψ ( IBSP 27639). Distrito Federal: Brasília, 15º46’S, 47º55’W, 1ɗ ( UNB 319), 1Ψ ( UNB 369), 3Ψ ( IBSP 1587), 1Ψ ( UNB 1701), 1ɗ ( IBSP 2840), 1ɗ ( UNB 3034), 1Ψ ( UNB 3043), 1ɗ ( UNB 3554), 1ɗ ( UNB 3720), 1Ψ ( UNB 3788), 3Ψ ( IBSP 4468). Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças, 15º49’S, 52º09’W, 1ɗ ( IBSP 6033); Chapada dos Guimarães, Usina Hidrelétrica do Rio Manso, 15º10’S, 55º40’W, 1Ψ ( IBSP 29335). Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 19º00’S, 57º39’W, 1Ψ ( IBSP 2966); Paranaíba, 19°40’S, 51°11’W,1Ψ ( IBSP 14104).

Etymology

The specific name is a matronym honouring Vera Regina Dessimoni von Eickstedt in recognition of her contribution to the taxonomy of ctenids, in particular Phoneutria .

Diagnosis

Phoneutria eickstedtae sp. nov. is most similar to P. nigriventer and P. p e r t y i. Female epigynes have a posterior transverse lobe and the epigynal lateral apophysis has some weak basal sulci ( Fig. 16 ), in contrast to P. nigriventer in which both the posterior transverse lobe and the basal sulci are absent ( Fig. 13 ). In P. p e r t y i, the posterior lobe is ill-defined and the epigynal lateral apophysis has many basal sulci ( Fig. 15 ). Males differ by the wide embolus base ( Fig. 39 ) and the dark brown venter with four series of light yellow dots ( Fig 59 ), whereas in P. nigriventer the embolus base is very narrow ( Fig. 36 ) and the opisthosoma is brown to orange ventrally without lines. In P. pertyi , the embolus base is narrow ( Fig. 38 ) and the opisthosoma is yellowishbrown ventrally with four more conspicuous white lines in the posterior half.

Description

Female (based on holotype from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil) Dimensions. Total length 35.52; prosoma length 18.81, width 14.29; opisthosoma length 16.22, width 10.48; clypeus height 0.55.

Eyes. Eye diameter, ALE 0.35, PLE 0.60, AME 0.50, PME 0.55; eye interdistances, AME-AME 0.35, PME-PME 0.40, PLE-PLE 2.10, ALE-PLE 0.25, AME-ALE 0.25, PME-PLE 0.45, AME-PME 0.30, PME- ALE 0.25; MOQ length 1.40, anterior width 1.35, posterior width 1.45.

Legs. Leg formula IV, I, II, III; measurements: I—femur 17.26, patella 8.59, tibia 16.89, metatarsus 15.50, tarsus 4.27, total length 62.51; II—16.60, 8.15, 15.36, 14.19, 4.33, 47.38; III—13.80, 6.90, 11.26, 11.53, 3.89, 55.38. IV—17.21, 7.24, 14.63,19.51, 4.85, 63.44; spination: I, II—tibia: v 2-2 -2-2-2, p 1-1, d 0, r 0; metatarsus: v 2-2 -2, p 0, d 0, r 0; III—tibia: v 2-2 -2, p 1-1, d 1-1-1, r 1-1; metatarsus: v 2-2 -2, p 1-1-1, d 0, r 1-1-1; tarsus: v 0, p 0, d 0, r 0; IV—as leg III, except metatarsus: v 2-2 -2-2; femora and patellae of legs I–IV with numerous setae; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi with dense ventral scopulae; tarsi I–IV with paired pectinate claws with 3 teeth and 2 denticles.

Pedipalps. Tibia length 4.80, width 1.81; tarsus length 5.64, width 1.45.

Epigyne. Triangular, longer than wide; wide epigynal lateral field; epigynal middle field convex, apically slightly concave; posterior transversal lobe pronounced; epigynal lateral guides cylindrical and slightly oblique; epigynal lateral apophysis directed ventrally with weak basal sulci ( Figs 8 , 16 ); spermathecae round with fertilisation ducts emerging basally ( Fig 12 ).

Male (based on paratype from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil)

Dimensions. Total length 23.95; prosoma length 12.76, width 9.82; opisthosoma length 10.11, width 5.42; clypeus height 0.76.

Eyes. Eye diameter, ALE 0.32, PLE 0.52, AME 0.52, PME 0.56; eye interdistances, AME-AME 0.32, PME-PME 0.40, PLE-PLE 2.40, ALE-PLE 0.20, AME-ALE 0.52, PME-PLE 0.56, AME-PME 0.32, PME- ALE 0.28; MOQ length 1.36, anterior width 1.24, posterior width 1.40.

Legs. Leg formula I, IV, II, III; measurements: I—femur 14.56, patella 5.10, tibia 12.85, metatarsus 17.16, tarsus 4.74, total length 54.41; II—13.89, 5.46, 13.23, 13.28, 4.73, 50.59; III—11.58, 4.97, 9.02, 10.10, 3.72, 39.39; IV—14.46, 4.95, 11.89, 16.97, 4.60, 52.87; spination: I and II—tibia: v 2-2 -2-2-2, p 1-1-1, d 1-1-1, r 1- 1; metatarsus: v 2-2 -2, p 1, d 0, r 1; tarsus: v 0, p 0, d 0, r0; III and IV—tibia: v 2-2 -2, p 1-1, d 1-1-1, r 1-1; metatarsus: v 2-2 -1-2, p 1-1-1, d 0, r 1-1-1; tarsus: v 0, p 0, d 0, r 0; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs I–IV with dense ventral scopulae; tarsi with paired pectinate claws having I– III — 7 teeth and IV —9 teeth.

Pedipalps. Tibia length 4.33, width 1.40; cymbium length 4.85, width 2.45; tibia and cymbium with dense prolateral scopulae; bulb ellipsoid ( Figs 27 , 31 ); embolus long and straight, its base wide ( Fig. 39 ); median tegular apophysis longer than wide, prolateral sulcus narrow extending for almost all its length ( Fig. 31 ); retrolateral tibial apophysis tip pointed ( Fig. 43 ).

Colouration. Dorsal shield of prosoma brown with yellow setae, area from anterior edge to AME light yellow ( Fig. 51 ). Chelicerae brown with light setae ( Fig. 47 ). Sternum yellowish-brown. Pedipalp tibiae dorsally with dark brown longitudinal band, prolaterally dark brown scopulae and light yellow retrolateral band ( Fig. 47 ). Legs: I–IV dorsally dark brown with golden setae; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi ventrally grayish-olive. Opisthosoma dorsally yellow-brown to dark brown, with pairs of lighter spots longitudinally in the median region, these with or without black dots on the posterior border ( Fig. 51 ); ventrally dark brown with four divergent series of orange dots ( Figs 55 , 59 ).

Va r ia ti o n. Dorsal shield of prosoma dark brown to brown; opisthosoma dorsally yellowish-brown to dark brown; ventrally reddish dark brown to dark brown with two or four series of light yellow or orange dots. Immature spiders with same colour pattern as adults.

Figures

FIGURES 68. Records of non-Amazonian Phoneutria species.

FIGURES 5 – 8. Phoneutria spp., epigyne, ventral view; 5, P. nigriventer from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 62); 6, P. keyserlingi from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 25); 7, P. p e r t y i from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 3141); 8, P. eickstedtae sp. nov. from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 29335). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 9 – 12. Phoneutria spp., epigyne, dorsal view; 9, P. nigriventer from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 62); 10, P. keyserlingi from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 25); 11, P. p e r t y i from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 3141); 12, P. eickstedtae sp. nov. from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 29335). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 13 – 16. Phoneutria spp., scanning electron micrographs of epigyne, ventral view; 13, P. nigriventer from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 78877); 14, P. keyserlingi from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 78875); 15, P. p e r t y i from Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, Brazil (IBSP 78876); 16, P. eickstedtae sp. nov., holotype, from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil (IBSP 70406). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 24 – 27. Phoneutria spp., left male pedipalp, ventral view; 24, P. nigriventer from Tuparendi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (IBSP 14108); 25, P. keyserlingi from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 28410); 26, P. p e r - tyi from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 3027); 27, P. eickstedtae sp. nov. from São Domingos, Goiás, Brazil (IBSP 35020). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 31. Phoneutria spp., scanning electron micrographs of left male pedipalp, ventral view,; 28, P. nigriventer from Mairiporã, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 78874); 29, P. keyserlingi from Ilha dos Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 78873); 30, P. p ertyi from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 2843); 31, P. eickstedtae sp. nov., paratype, from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil (IBSP 71058). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 32 – 35. Phoneutria spp., left male pedipalp, expanded bulb, prolateral view; 32, P. nigriventer from Tuparendi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (IBSP 14108); 33, P. keyserlingi from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 28410); 34, P. p e r t y i from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 3027); 35, P. eickstedtae sp. nov. from São Domingos, Goiás, Brazil (IBSP 35020). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 36 – 39. Phoneutria spp., embolus of left male pedipalp, ventral view; 36, P. nigriventer from Tuparendi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (IBSP 14108); 37, P. keyserlingi from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 28410); 38, P. p e r t y i from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 3027); 39, P. eickstedtae sp. nov. from São Domingos, Goiás, Brazil (IBSP 35020). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 40 – 43. Phoneutria spp., scanning electron micrographs of RTA of left male pedipalp, dorsal view; 40, P. nigriventer from Mairiporã, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 78874); 41, P. keyserlingi from Ilha dos Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil (IBSP 78873); 42, P. p e r t y i from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (IBSP 2843); 43, P. eickstedtae sp. nov. from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil (IBSP 71058). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 44 – 47. Phoneutria spp., colour pattern of pedipalps and chelicerae; 44, P. nigriventer, female, from Mairiporã, São Paulo, Brazil; 45, P. keyserlingi, female, from Ilha dos Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil; 46, P. p e r t y i, male, from Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 47, P. eickstedtae sp. nov., female, from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil. Photographs: R. Bertani.

FIGURES 48 – 51. Phoneutria spp., dorsal colour pattern; 48, P. nigriventer, female, from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 49, P. keyserlingi, female, from Ilha dos Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil; 50, P. p e r t y i, female, from Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 51, P. eickstedtae sp. nov., female, from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil. Photographs: R Bertani.

FIGURES 52 – 55. Phoneutria spp., defensive display; 52, P. nigriventer, female, from Mairiporã, São Paulo, Brazil; 53, P. keyserlingi, female, from Ilha dos Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil; 54, P. p e r t y i, male, from Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 55, P. eickstedtae sp. nov., female, from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil. Photographs: R Bertani.

FIGURES 56 – 59. Phoneutria spp., ventral colour pattern of opisthosoma; 56, P. nigriventer, female, from Mairiporã, São Paulo, Brazil; 57, P. keyserlingi, female, from Ilha dos Alcatrazes, São Paulo, Brazil; 58, P. p e r t y i, immature female, from Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil; 59, P. eickstedtae sp. nov., female, from Peixe, Tocantins, Brazil. Photographs: R Bertani.