Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk., Dansk Exkurs.-Fl., ed. 2: 258. 1906.
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.99463 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B2554B6-1476-5628-9621-350EEBF96BAD |
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Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk., Dansk Exkurs.-Fl., ed. 2: 258. 1906. |
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10. Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk., Dansk Exkurs.-Fl., ed. 2: 258. 1906. View in CoL
Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. proximum Dahlst., Bot. Not. 1905: 165. 1905. Basionym.
Taraxacum attenuatum = Taraxacum attenuatum Brenner, Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 32: 114. 1906. Type: Finland, Nylandia, Ingå (Inkoo), Svartbäck, dry hill, 17 August 1905, M. Brenner (lectotype in H 660607, designated by Lundevall and Øllgaard 1999: 60).
Type.
Sweden, Stockholm, Djurgårdsfrescati, under oaks, 5 June 1903, H. Dahlstedt (lectotype in S [lower plant], selected G. Haglund and designated by Doll 1973: 74) .
Description.
Plants small to middle-sized, 10-20(-30) cm tall. Leaves greyish-green, almost glabrous, approximately 7-15(-25) cm long and 2-4 cm wide, usually 3-4 times longer than wide; leaf blade elliptical, regularly lobate, with 4-8 pairs of lateral lobes; lateral lobes opposite to remote; lateral lobes of the inner leaves triangular, acute, patent, with a regularly dentate, slightly convex distal margin, proximal margin usually entire; lateral lobes of the outer leaves triangular, usually toothed at the distal margin; interlobes often short, blade often toothed in lower part of leaf; terminal lobe subacute or subsaginate, quite often with elongate apex; petioles unwinged, purplish. Scapes as long as or longer than leaves, somewhat hairy. Capitulum convex, 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter, greenish-yellow, with numerous tubular inner flowers, outer strips purple-brownish; inner bracts greyish-green, with lumps or small cornicules; outer bracts usually 11-14, lanceolate, usually 7-9 mm long, 2-3.0 mm broad, bright greyish-green suffused with purple, narrowly bordered (up to 0.05 broad), recurved, with lumps or small cornicules; stigmas greyish-green, pollen absent or very poorly developed (up to a few grains on the stigma). Achenes reddish-brown, narrow, with erect thin spinules in the upper part, 3.5-4.1(-4.5) mm long (incl. the 0.8-1.1(-1.4) mm long, cylindrical cone), rostrum (6-)7-8(-8.5) mm long, pappus white.
Flowering period.
April-May.
Habitat.
Sandy grasslands, dry sandy roadsides, lawns. In plant communities with the participation of T. proximum , we reported a significant presence of species characteristic to the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Sedo-Scleranthetea classes. Moreover, species characteristic to the class Galio-Urticenea and antropophytes appeared quite often. In Wielkopolska Lowland (Olsza place) we noted this species growing on sandy field roads together with Achillea millefolium , Anthemis arvensis , Calamagrostis epigejos , Capsella bursa-pastoris , Cerastium holosteoides , Erophila verna , Festuca rubra , Plantago major , Potentilla argentea , Stellaria media , Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum , Trifolium repens , Veronica hederifolia s.l., Viola arvensis .
Somatic chromosome number.
24 ( Wolanin and Musiał 2017).
General distribution.
Widespread European species reported from France, Great Britain, Iceland, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Moldova, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and European Russia ( Van Soest 1957, 1967; Doll 1973b; Tacik 1980; Dostál 1989; Fedorov 1989; Lundevall and Øllgaard 1999; Mosyakin and Fedoronchuk 1999; Uhlemann 2003; Vašut 2003; Trávníček et al. 2010; Wendt and Øllgaard 2015).
Distribution in Poland.
Scattered localities in northern Poland, quite frequent in Greater Poland (Fig. 23D View Figure 23 ).
Specimens examined.
AB23 - Międzyzdroje, lawn on sandy soil, 53°56'15"N, 14°27'30"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003267 UR); AB32 - W of Przybór, parking lot in forest, 53°52'39"N, 14°18'37"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003254 UR); BC50 - Gościm, cemetery, 6 May 2013, A. Czarna (POZNB); BC51 - Drezdenko, lawn near cemetery, 52°50'12"N, 15°49'31"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003363 UR); Drezdenko, lawn, 52°50'11"N, 15°49'19"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003362 UR); Drezdenko, neglected place near cemetery fence, 52°50'06"N, 15°49'19"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003392 UR); BC52 - Chełst, lawn in cemetery, 52°49'27"N, 15°57'35"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003420 UR); Stare Bielice, sandy roadside near asphalt road, 52°50'57"N, 15°55'04"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003393 UR); Kwiejce, old cemetery in forest, 6 May 2013, A. Czarna (POZNB); BC61 - Sowia Góra, young pine forest edge, 52°42'01"N, 15°50'42"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003551 UR); BD43 - Kębłowo, ruderal area near cemetery fence, 52°03'06"N, 16°06'35"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003394 UR); BD49 - Olsza, sandy field road, 52°04'21"N, 17°05'54"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003503 UR); BD53 - Kaszczor, lawn in cemetery, 51°57'19"N, 16°10'01"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003364, 003563 UR); BD77 - Bojanowo, Półwiejska street 12, gap between pavement and kerb, 51°42'36"N, 16°44'53"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003516 UR); CD30 - Majdany, sandy roadside in pine forest, 52°08'02"N, 17°10'58"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003504 UR); Zaniemyśl, cemetery lawn, 52°09'01"N, 17°10'09"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003505 UR); CD32 - Nowe Miasto nad Warta , cemetery lawn, 52°05'14"N, 17°23'57"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003549 UR); CD40 - Błażejewo, parking lot hardened with slag close to cemetery, 52°00'01"N, 17°08'41"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003365 UR); Jarosławki, sandy place at forest edge, 52°03'09"N, 17°10'17"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003411 UR); Kiełczynek, sandy roadside, 52°04'16"N, 17°12'43"E, M. Wolanin (003412 UR); Kiełczynek, lawn, 52°03'57"N, 17°13'57"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003341 UR); Książ Wielkopolski, roadside in forest, 52°04'02"N, 17°14'47"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003513 UR); Książ Wielkopolski, sandy grassland in cemetery, 52°03'55"N, 17°14'10"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003280, 003306 UR); CD41 - Chwałkowo Kościelne, roadside in forest, 51°59'41"N, 17°18'12"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003410, 003512 UR); between Radoszkowo and Chromiec, sandy embankment near closed railway track, 52°02'20"N, 17°16'30"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003343 UR); Rado-szkowo, young pine forest edge, 52°02'18"N, 17°16'06"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003293 UR); CD64 - Taczanowski Forest near Ostrów Wielkopolski, 11 May 2012, A. Czarna (POZNB); DA81 - Gdańsk (Stogi), scrub edge, 54°22'24"N, 18°43'41"E, 7 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003376, 003391 UR); Krynica Morska, sandy roadside, 54°23'35"N, 19°28'46"E, 10 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003375 UR); DC63 - Winduga near Włocławek, roadside in pine forest, 52°43'18"N, 19°01'17"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003461 UR); DC73 - Włocławek, lawn, 52°40'29"N, 19°05'12"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003480 UR); FC13 - Piątnica (Fort Łomża), pastured grassland, 53°11'50"N, 22°06'52"E, 25 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003342 UR); GD10 - Serpelice, lawn, 52°16'49"N, 23°03'01"E, 25 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003294 UR) GoogleMaps .
Notes.
T. proximum is distinguished by elongated leaves with quite numerous side lobes (4-8 pairs) that are uniform, triangular-deltate, entire to denticulate. The capitulum is small (2-3 cm), convex, with numerous greenish-yellowish tubular ligules. Pollen absent. Achenes slender, reddish-brown (Figs 30 View Figure 30 , 31 View Figure 31 ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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