Chalcophora japonica chinensis Schaufuss, 1879

Wei, Zhonghua, Zhang, Liumei & Shi, Aimin, 2020, A note on the larva of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) based on morphological characters and molecular data, ZooKeys 944, pp. 147-155 : 147

Chalcophora japonica chinensis Schaufuss, 1879 Figures 1B, C , 2A-K , 3D

Chalcophora chinensis Schaufuss, 1879: 480; Fairmaire 1888: 25; Kurosawa 1974: 174.

Buprestis sinica Jakobson, 1913: 780.

Distribution.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang provinces).

Larval description.

The description is based on what is probably two later-instar larvae. Body length 42.0-52.1 mm; width of prothorax 10.3-11.6 mm. Larval body shape of buprestid type. Body elongate (Fig. 1B, C ); prothorax widest, distinctly wider than meso- and metathorax; abdomen nearly parallel-sided. Mouthparts brown; mandibles black; dorsal and ventral prothoracic plates yellow-brown; abdomen light brown (white when alive). Body with sparse, short, brownish setae. Thoracic legs absent.

Head. Head prognathous (Fig. 2A, G ), with mouthparts directed anteriorly, head capsule deeply retracted into prothorax. Stemmata absent.

Labrum (Fig. 2A, G ) distinctly transverse, 2.1 times as wide as long; anterior margin and isolated patches on lateral lobes bearing dense microsetae, middle parts slightly arched, anterolateral lobes well developed; lateral sides slightly arched; posterior margin (covered by nearly pellucid membranous anteclypeus) slightly narrower than anterior margin; dorsal surface glabrous; medial group of sensilla consists of one apical seta and two lateral campaniform sensilla; apical seta not reaching anterior margin; anterolateral sensilla consists of two trichoid sensillae.

Anteclypeus (Fig. 2A, G ) trapezoid, short, strongly transverse, 5.6 times as wide as long, membranous, glabrous; anterior margin nearly straight, weakly emarginate at middle; lateral sides distinctly arched.

Epistome (Fig. 2A, G ) strongly transverse, approximately 3.3 as wide as long; anterior parts dark brown, well sclerotized, posterior part brown, moderately sclerotized; lateral parts of anterior margin distinctly protruded anteriorly, middle parts distinctly emarginate; lateral sides bent; surface with two groups of short trichosensillae situated in shallow depressions in middle parts.

Antennae (Fig. 2C, J ) two-segmented, situated in deep incision, first antennomere approximately 1.8 times as long as second, approximately 1.2 times as long as wide, barrel-shaped, glabrous except anterior margin with dense microsetae; second antennomere distinctly shorter and narrower, nearly as long as wide, distinctly expanded anteriorly, anterior parts transparent membranous, glabrous; apical cavity deep, bearing a long erect trichosensillum, slightly longer than second antennomere.

Mandibles (Fig. 2A, I ) triangular, strongly sclerotized, black, approximately 1.1 times as long as wide; middle of incisor edge with an additional tooth; outer margin with one short erected seta above condyle.

Maxillae (Fig. 2B, D, K ). Cardo transverse, subquadrate, widest at base, approximately 2.8 times as wide as long, glabrous; latero-basal sclerite of cardo sclerotized, with five campaniform sensillae bearing two short, erect, brown setae. Stipes subquadrate, distinctly wider than long. First palpomere of palpus maxillaris approximately 1.8 times as long as second palpomere, barrel-shaped, distinctly longitudinal, glabrous, outer parts of apical margin with a few microsetae; second palpomere distinctly narrower, glabrous, subcylindrical, approximately 1.4 times as long as wide. Mala elongate, approximately 1.8 times as long as wide, external sensilla of apex composed of one campaniform sensillum, one short, peg-like seta, five long, robust setae, and a few microsetae; internally with three short, robust setae and a few microsetae along inner side. Prementum (Fig. 2H ) trapezoidal, anterior margin arcuate and wider than base, with surface bearing two microsetal zones in middle parts and two long setae near sides of middle parts.

Thorax (Figs 2E, F , 3D ). Prothorax strongly expanded, widest at middle, approximately 1.7 times as long as total length of meso- and metathorax, approximately 1.7 times as wide as long; dorsal and ventral plates moderately sclerotized, strongly flattened, with transversely prolonged asperities and short winkles; dorsal plate with inverted Y-shaped groove with long, straight branches; angle between branches about 23°; branches 2.5 times as long as common part; anterior sclerotized part nearly umbrella-shaped, with rounded anterior margin; ventral plate with uniramous groove; lateral parts bearing short, brownish setae. Mesothorax nearly an inverted trapezoid, widest at anterior margin, approximately 4.5 times as wide as long; surface bearing short, brownish setae; spiracles cribriform, reniform, strongly transverse, much larger than those of abdomen, approximate 2.2 times as wide as long, situated on sides of anterior parts; surface with dense, longitudinal, straight lines. Metathorax nearly an inverted trapezoid, widest at middle, approximately 2.2 times as wide as long; middle part of anterior margin distinctly protruded anteriorly; posterior margins distinctly emarginate; surface bearing sparse, short, brownish setae.

Abdomen. All segments transverse, slightly wider than long; surfaces of all segments with sparse, short, brownish setae; all dorsal parts of segments distinctly convex; dorsal parts of segments II-VIII each with distinctly transverse, deep groove on posterior parts; dorsal parts of segment IX with transverse, shallow groove before the base. Segment I nearly subtriangular, widest behind middle, approximately 2.3 times as wide as long; anterior margin distinctly protruded anteriorly; surface of dorsal parts with a few longitudinal wrinkles. Segments II-IX subquadrate, approximately 1.2-2.3 times as wide as long; segment X well developed and posteriorly oriented, with paired, oval lobes divided by longitudinal, shallow anal cleft. Segments I-VIII with large spiracles, gradually becoming smaller posteriorly, spiracles of segment VIII smallest; segments IX and X without spiracles.

Specimens examined.

Larvae: 2 ex., China, Hubei, Xiangyang, Baokang, Chengdong, Mingjiachang, 15-II-2019, Jie Deng leg., CWNU, taken from the stems of dead tree. Adults: 5♂ 5♀, China, Guanngxi, Guilin, Ziyuanzhongfeng, 26-VII-2018, Yusong Huang leg., CWNU; 1♂ 1♀, Guangdong, Wengyuan, Nanpu, 5-X-2019, Hua Zhang leg., CWNU; 1♂, China, Jiangsu, Nangjiang, Zhongshanling, 18-IV-2019, Zhixin Chou, CWNU.

Figures

Figure 1. Habitus of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Schaufuss, 1879) A adult, in dorsal view B larva, in dorsal view C larva in ventral view.

Figure 2. Larval morphology of Chalcophora japonica chinensis Schaufuss, 1879 A, G epistome and mouth parts, in dorsal view B mouth parts, in ventral view C, J antenna D, K maxilla, in ventral view E, F thorax, in dorsal and ventral views H prementum I left mandible.

Figures 3. Larval pronotal plate of Chalcophora species (A-C from Bily 1984) A C. detrita B C. mariana C C. intermedia D C. japonica chinensis.