Salmacina tribranchiata ( Moore, 1923 )

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, European Journal of Taxonomy 344, pp. 1-76 : 49-50

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.344
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851357
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/794587B2-FFF1-FF8D-FDE0-FAC8FCF0F9CD
treatment provided by	Carolina (2020-05-19 17:24:32, last updated 2024-11-26 04:57:14)
scientific name	Salmacina tribranchiata ( Moore, 1923 )
status

Treatment

Salmacina tribranchiata ( Moore, 1923) View in CoL

Figs 7J View Fig , 10 View Fig

Filograna tribranchiata Moore, 1923: 250–251 View in CoL (type locality: off Santa Rosa Island, California, United States; 69–82 m; small mass of tubes on mixed bottom (mud, sand and rocks)).

Salmacina dysteri View in CoL (non Huxley 1855) – Steinbeck & Ricketts 1941: 367 (Gulf of California: Los Angeles Bay, Baja California, and San Francisquito Island, Baja California Sur; encrusting on rocks).

Salmacina dysteri tribranchiata View in CoL – Monro 1933: 1090 –1091, textfig. 31 (Tagus Cove, Isabela (Albemarle) Island, Galápagos; from a marine garden sheltered from the sun by an overhanging rock). — Berkeley & Berkeley 1941: 56 (Corona del Mar, Monterey Bay and Santa Cruz Island, California; 9–31 m).

Salmacina tribranchiata View in CoL – Rioja 1941b: 738 –739, pl. 9, figs 11–14 (La Aguada Beach, Acapulco, Guerrero, southern Mexican Pacific; on the sabellariid Idanthyrsus johnstoni McIntosh, 1885 View in CoL , now Idanthyrsus luciae (Rochebrune, 1882) View in CoL , colonies). — Hartman 1969: 771 –772, figs 1–6 (central and southern California; intertidal to shelf depths; mixed bottoms). — Nogueira & ten Hove 2000: 158 – 159, Tables 1–2 View Table 1 View Table 2 (discussion). — Bastida-Zavala 2008: 43, fig. 10H–J (Alaska, California, Hawaii and Mexican Pacific: Sinaloa and Oaxaca; intertidal to 116m).— Carlton &Eldredge2009:62 –63(Hawaii; invasion history); 2015: 34 (Hawaii; introduction confirmed). — Bastida-Zavala et al. 2016: 433 – 434, figs 8, 12E–F (Mexican Pacific: Baja California, Baja California Sur and Oaxaca; intertidal to 1 m; in marinas and harbors, fouling).

Filograna implexa View in CoL (non Berkeley 1835) – Kudenov 1980: 122 (Sonora coast, Gulf of California). — Kerstitch & Bertsch 2007: 38, fig. 63 (field guide of the Gulf of California; 46 m).

Material examined

212 specimens: ST (6) Aug. 2001, MI (1) Jul. 2013, SD (205) Aug. 2000 and Jul. 2013.

Additional material

More than 12 specimens: MBL-SD s.n., 2 specimens (approx. 32°40' N, 117°25' W, off San Diego, RV, sta. E–9 and E–14, 3 Oct. 1996 and 15 Jul. 2003, 116 m and 98 m); SERC- 233687, one specimen (Galapagos, photographed in vivo, by Erica Keppel, 1 May 2016, coll. SERC); UMAR-Poly 94, colony (Hawaii inter-island cargo barge, HF–023, hull fouling community roughly two years old; barge only operates in Hawaii, coll. S. Godwin).

Diagnosis

This species is gregarious and can form colonies. Tube white, thin, with transverse ridges; without peristomes, longitudinal ridges or alveoli. Branchial crown with 3–4 radioles in each lobe ( Fig. 7J View Fig ). Without opercular peduncle or operculum. Collar with fin-and-blade chaetae, with 3–5 big teeth. Thorax with seven segments; all thoracic chaetigers (except collar segment) with “ Apomatus ” chaetae.

Taxonomic remarks

Salmacina tribranchiata was the first species of the genus described from the eastern Pacific and as is the case for S. huxleyi , this name is preferred in the region until the status of species in this genus is clarified with SEM and/or molecular studies ( Nogueira & ten Hove 2000; Ben-Eliahu & ten Hove 2011).

Ecology

Intertidal to 116 m ( Bastida-Zavala 2008). On mixed bottoms, on rocks, on the sabellariid Idanthyrsus luciae , and as fouling of pier pilings ( Bastida-Zavala et al. 2016).

Distribution

Northeastern Pacific, from Alaska to Gulf of California, Hawaii, southern Mexican Pacific and Galápagos Islands ( Bastida-Zavala 2008). In this work, Salmacina tribranchiata was found abundantly and frequently on fouling plates from San Diego, southern California, and occasionaly from Sitka Bay, Alaska, and Mission Bay, southern California ( Fig. 10 View Fig ).

References

Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61.

Bastida-Zavala J. R., Rodriguez Buelna A. S., de Leon-Gonzalez J. A., Camacho-Cruz K. A. & Carmona I. 2016. New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa 4184 (3): 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4184.3.1

Ben-Eliahu M. N. & ten Hove H. A. 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian migration perspective. Zootaxa 2848: 1 - 147. http: // www. mapress. com / zootaxa / 2011 / f / zt 02848 p 147. pdf

Berkeley M. J. 1835. Observations upon the Dentalium subulatum of Deshayes. The Zoological Journal 5: 424 - 427.

Berkeley E. & Berkeley C. 1941. On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 40 (1): 16 - 60.

Carlton J. T. & Eldredge L. G. 2009. Marine Bioinvasions of Hawai'i. The Introduced and Cryptogenic Marine and Estuarine Animals and Plants of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Cultural and Environmental Studies 4. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

Hartman O. 1969. Atlas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids from California. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles.

Huxley T. A. 1855. On a hermaphrodite and fissiparous species of tubicolous annelid. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series 1 (1): 113 - 129. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 131108 # page / 129 / mode / 1 up

Kerstitch A. & Bertsch H. 2007. Sea of Cortez Marine Invertebrates. A Guide for the Pacific Coast, Mexico to Peru. Second edition, Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.

Kudenov J. D. 1980. Annelida: Polychaeta (Bristleworms). In: Brusca R. C. (ed.) Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California: 77 - 123. Second edition, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

McIntosh W. C. 1885. Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 1876. Challenger Reports, Zoology 12. London.

Monro C. C. A. 1933. The Polychaeta Sedentaria collected by Dr. C. Crossland at Colon, in the Panama region, and the Galapagos Islands during the expedition of the S. Y. St. George . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933: 1039 - 1092. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1933. tb 01640. x

Moore J. P. 1923. The polychaetous annelids dredged by the U. S. S. Albatros off the coast of southern California in 1904. Spionidae to Sabellariidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 75: 179 - 259.

Nogueira J. M. M. & ten Hove H. A. 2000. On a new species of Salmacina Claparede, 1870 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae), from Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Beaufortia 50: 151 - 161.

Rioja E. 1941 b. Estudios Anelidologicos III. Datos para el conocimiento de la fauna de poliquetos de las costas mexicanas del Pacifico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 12: 669 - 746.

Steinbeck J. & Ricketts E. F. 1941. Phylum Annelida. Class Polychaeta. In: Sea of Cortez, a Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research: 348 - 370. Paul P. Appel, California.

Figures

Fig. 7. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Pomatostegus stellatus. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118825). – Protula balboensis. B–D. Tube, body and branchial crown, white arrow shows detail of rounded processes, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118825). E. Body of live adult from Smithsonian Institution station in Bocas del Toro, Panama (photo by Betel Martínez- Guerrero). – Pseudochitinopoma occidentalis. F. Operculum, Puget Sound, Washington (SERC- 33385R). – Pseudovermilia occidentalis. G. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118450). – Salmacina huxleyi. H–I. Tubes, body and collar chaetae, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118449). – S. tribranchiata. J. Body, Galapagos Island (SERC-233687).

Fig. 10. Distribution of serpulids (Salmacina, Serpula and Spirobranchus spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols).