Salmacina huxleyi ( Ehlers, 1887 )

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, European Journal of Taxonomy 344, pp. 1-76 : 48-49

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.344
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851391
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/794587B2-FFEE-FF8C-FD9C-FBE2FADFFA93
treatment provided by	Carolina (2020-05-19 17:24:32, last updated 2024-11-26 04:57:14)
scientific name	Salmacina huxleyi ( Ehlers, 1887 )
status

Treatment

Salmacina huxleyi ( Ehlers, 1887) View in CoL

Figs 7 View Fig H–I, 10

Filigrana huxleyi Ehlers, 1887: 314–320 View in CoL , pl. 56, figs 4–9 (type locality: Dry Tortugas and Loggerhead Key, southern Florida, United States; 26 m).

Salmacina dysteri View in CoL (non Huxley 1855) – Hartman 1945: 48 (Beaufort, North Carolina; under shells and stones, shell fragments). — Rioja 1946: 202 (Veracruz, eastern Mexico; on tubes of the sabellid Sabellastarte indica (Savigny, 1822) View in CoL , now Sabellastarte spectabilis (Grube, 1878)) View in CoL . — Wells & Gray 1964: 74 (Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; hard substrates).

Salmacina View in CoL sp. A – ten Hove & Wolf 1984: 55-7, figs 55-1, 55-2a–g (western Florida; 37–88 m; coarse to medium sand).

Filograna huxleyi View in CoL – Perkins 1998: 95 (checklist of shallow-water polychaetes from Florida).

Salmacina huxleyi View in CoL – Nogueira & ten Hove 2000: 158–159, Tables 1–2 View Table 1 View Table 2 (discussion).

Salmacina incrustans View in CoL (non Claparède 1870) – Augener 1927: 81 –82, textfig. 9 (Spaanse Water, Cura ҫao, Caribbean Sea; on mangrove roots). — Augener 1934: 121 (Gairaca, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean; 30 m). — Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000a: 812 –813, fig. 4a–h (eastern Mexico: San Juan de Ulúa, Veracruz; San Felipe and Ría Lagartos, Yucatán; Puerto Morelos Beach, Nichupté Lagoon, Nizuc Point, Sam Point, Boca Paila, Contoy Island, Mujeres Island, Cozumel Island and Chinchorro Bank, Quintana Roo; intertidal to 43 m; mixed beaches, on rocks, seagrass, algae, corals, epifauna of the sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) , the sponge Agelas dispar View in CoL , on vermetids, oysters and ascidians, and wood dock pilings).

Material examined

115 specimens: RI (2) Sep. 2001, IR (1) Aug. 2005, BB (110) Aug. 2004, CC (2) Sep. 2002.

Diagnosis

This species is gregarious and can build colonies. Tube white, thin; with minute transverse ridges; without peristomes, longitudinal ridges or alveoli ( Fig. 7H View Fig ). Branchial crown with four radioles per lobe. Without opercular peduncle or operculum ( Fig. 7H View Fig ). Collar with fin-and-blade chaetae, with 6–7 large teeth ( Fig. 7I View Fig ). Thorax with 7–9 segments; all thoracic chaetigers (except collar segment) with “ Apomatus ” chaetae.

Taxonomic remarks

Salmacina huxleyi is a tiny and non-operculate serpulid, and was the first species of the genus described (as Filigrana ) from the western Atlantic. Other Salmacina species, S. dysteri ( Huxley, 1855) and S. incrustans Claparède, 1870 , were described from Europe and recorded in several localities from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and eastern Pacific, among other localities around the world. There are three other species described from the western Atlantic, S. amphidentata Jones, 1962 , S. piranga (Grube, 1872) and S. ceciliae Nogueira & ten Hove, 2000 . Except for the latter species, which is well characterised, the differences between the other species ( S. amphidentata , S. huxleyi and S. piranga ) are very subtle and should be studied with scanning electron micrography ( Nogueira & ten Hove 2000; Ben-Eliahu & ten Hove 2011). Therefore, we currently prefer to use the name S. huxleyi , the first species described from this region.

Ecology

Intertidal to 43 m. Mixed bottoms, on rocks, seagrass, algae, corals, epifauna of the sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides , the sponge Agelas dispar , vermetids, oysters and ascidians, and wood dock pilings ( Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000a).

Distribution

Gulf of Mexico, east coast of the United States and Caribbean Sea ( Augener 1927; Hartman 1945; ten Hove & Wolf 1984; Bastida-Zavala & Salazar-Vallejo 2000a). In this study, Salmacina huxleyi was abundant on fouling plates from Biscayne Bay, Florida and occasionally from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, the Indian River in Florida, and Corpus Christi, Texas ( Fig. 10 View Fig ). This species extends its northward range from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina ( Wells & Gray 1964) to Rhode Island (750 km).

References

Augener H. 1927. Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Fauna van Curacao. Resultaten eener Reis van Dr. C. J. van der Horst in 1920. Polychaeten von Curacao. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 25: 39 - 82.

Augener H. 1934. Polychaeten aus den Zoologischen Museen von Leiden und Amsterdam. IV Schluss. Zoologische Mededeelingen 17: 67 - 160. http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 149757

Bastida-Zavala J. R. & Salazar-Vallejo S. I. 2000 a. Serpulidos (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) del Caribe noroccidental con claves para la region del Gran Caribe: Salmacina, Ficopomatus, Pomatoceros, Pomatostegus, Protula, Pseudovermilia, Spirobranchus y Vermiliopsis. Revista de Biologia Tropical 48: 807 - 840.

Ben-Eliahu M. N. & ten Hove H. A. 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian migration perspective. Zootaxa 2848: 1 - 147. http: // www. mapress. com / zootaxa / 2011 / f / zt 02848 p 147. pdf

Claparede E. 1870. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 20 (1): 1 - 225.

Ehlers E. 1887. Reports on the results of dredging, under the direction of L. F. Pourtales, during the years 1868 - 1870, and of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78), and in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), in the U. S. Coast Survey steamer Blake , Lieut-Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N. and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XXXI. Report on the annelids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 15: 1 - 355.

Hartman O. 1945. The marine annelids of North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 2: 1 - 54.

Huxley T. A. 1855. On a hermaphrodite and fissiparous species of tubicolous annelid. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series 1 (1): 113 - 129. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 131108 # page / 129 / mode / 1 up

Nogueira J. M. M. & ten Hove H. A. 2000. On a new species of Salmacina Claparede, 1870 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae), from Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Beaufortia 50: 151 - 161.

Perkins T. H. 1998. Checklist of shallow-water marine polychaetous Annelida of Florida. In: Camp D. K., Lyons W. G. & Perkins T. H. (eds) Checklist of Selected Shallow-water Marine Invertebrates of Florida: 79 - 122. Florida Marine Research Institute, Technical Report 3.

Rioja E. 1946. Estudios Anelidologicos XIV: Observaciones sobre algunos poliquetos de las costas del Golfo de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 17: 193 - 203.

Imajima M. & ten Hove H. A. 1984. Serpulinae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Truk Islands, Ponape and Majuro Atoll, with some other new Indo-Pacific records. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 27: 35 - 66.

Wells H. W. & Gray I. E. 1964. Polychaetous annelids of the Cape Hatteras area. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 80 (2): 70 - 78.

Figures

Fig. 7. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Pomatostegus stellatus. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118825). – Protula balboensis. B–D. Tube, body and branchial crown, white arrow shows detail of rounded processes, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118825). E. Body of live adult from Smithsonian Institution station in Bocas del Toro, Panama (photo by Betel Martínez- Guerrero). – Pseudochitinopoma occidentalis. F. Operculum, Puget Sound, Washington (SERC- 33385R). – Pseudovermilia occidentalis. G. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118450). – Salmacina huxleyi. H–I. Tubes, body and collar chaetae, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118449). – S. tribranchiata. J. Body, Galapagos Island (SERC-233687).

Fig. 10. Distribution of serpulids (Salmacina, Serpula and Spirobranchus spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols).