Hydroides gracilis ( Bush, 1905 )

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, European Journal of Taxonomy 344, pp. 1-76 : 35-36

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.344
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851387
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/794587B2-FFE3-FF9F-FD96-FAE7FE16FBCF
treatment provided by	Carolina (2020-05-19 17:24:32, last updated 2024-11-26 04:57:14)
scientific name	Hydroides gracilis ( Bush, 1905 )
status

Treatment

Hydroides gracilis ( Bush, 1905) View in CoL

Figs 4G View Fig , 6 View Fig

Eupomatus gracilis Bush, 1905: 234–235 View in CoL , pl. 27, fig. 9, pl. 34, fig. 25, pl. 37, figs 26–27 (type locality: Pacific Grove, California, United States).

Eupomatus intereans Chamberlin, 1919a: 23 View in CoL (type locality: Laguna Beach, southern California).

Eupomatus gracilis View in CoL – Treadwell 1914: 225 ( San Pedro and San Diego, southern California).

Hydroides uncinata View in CoL (non Philippi 1844) – Berkeley & Berkeley 1941: 56 (southern California; on seaweed holdfast); 1958: 405 (west coast of Baja California Peninsula: Tortugas Bay, Baja California Sur).

Hydroides gracilis View in CoL – Zibrowius 1971: 694 –695 (synonymization of E. intereans View in CoL and H. uncinata View in CoL recorded by Berkeley & Berkeley 1941, 1958). — Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003: 89 –92, fig. 13A–V (California and Baja California, Mexican Pacific; intertidal to 5 m; on colony of vermetid Aletes View in CoL sp., on Trochidae View in CoL , also from aquaculture tanks and lead filter). — Bastida-Zavala 2008: 27, fig. 6K (California; PVC plates).

Material examined

232 specimens: SF (3) Sep. 2000 and 2001, LB (185) Sep. 2003, MO (5) Sep. 2013, MI (7) Aug. 2013, SD (32) Aug. 2000 and Jul. 2013.

Diagnosis

Tube white; with two longitudinal ridges, with or without peristomes; but no transverse ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Opercular funnel with 16–42 radii with pointed tips ( Fig. 4G View Fig ); verticil with 9–12 smooth spines, curving inwards, without internal, external or lateral spinules or wings ( Fig. 4G View Fig ). Special collar chaetae with two blunt or pointed teeth and smooth distal blade.

Taxonomic remarks

Two tiny specimens have the Hydroides “ priscus ” type opercula ( ten Hove & Ben-Eliahu 2005), with only a chitinous funnel instead of the normal funnel and verticil. The abundance of H. gracilis is variable in the fouling community, sometimes occurring at high abundances. Nonetheless, its distribution is restricted to California and the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula.

Ecology

Intertidal to sublittoral (5 m). On holdfast of seaweeds, shells of gastropods ( Aletes sp. and Trochidae ), and in aquaculture facilities ( Berkeley & Berkeley 1941; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003).

Distribution

California to Bahía Tortugas, west coast of Baja California Peninsula ( Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003). In this work, Hydroides gracilis was found abundantly on fouling plates from Long Beach and San Diego, California; and occasionally from San Francisco, Morro Bay and Mission Bay, California ( Fig. 6 View Fig ). Hydroides gracilis extends its range northward from Pacific Grove ( Bush 1905) to San Francisco, California (140 km).

References

Bastida-Zavala J. R. & ten Hove H. A. 2003. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Eastern Pacific Region and Hawaii. Beaufortia 53: 67 - 110.

Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61.

Berkeley E. & Berkeley C. 1941. On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 40 (1): 16 - 60.

Berkeley E. & Berkeley C. 1958. Some notes on a collection of Polychaeta from the northeast Pacific south of latitude 32 ° N. Canadian Journal of Zoology 36: 399 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 58 - 034

Bush K. J. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. In: Merriam C. H. (ed.) Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of Washington Academy of Sciences 12: 169 - 346. Doubleday, Page and Company, New York.

Chamberlin R. V. 1919 a. New polychaetous annelids from Laguna Beach, California. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 11: 1 - 23.

Hove H. A. ten & Ben-Eliahu M. N. 2005. On the identity of Hydroides priscus Pillai 1971 - Taxonomic confusion due to ontogeny in some serpulid genera (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 127 - 145.

Philippi A. 1844. Einige Bemerkungen uber die Gattung Serpula, nebst Aufzahlung der von mir im Mittelmeer mit dem Thier beobachteten Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1): 186 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29558

Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234.

Zibrowius H. 1971. Les especes Mediterraneennes du genre Hydroides (Polychaeta Serpulidae): remarques sur le pretendu polymorphisme de Hydroides uncinata. Tethys 2: 691 - 746.

Figures

Fig. 4. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Hydroides bispinosa. A. Operculum, from Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118756). – H. cf. brachyacantha. B. Operculum, Pensacola Bay, Florida (SERC- 92415). – H. dianthus. C. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87878RB). – H. dirampha. D. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). – H. elegans. E. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-04075R). – H. floridana. F. Operculum, Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-87968). – H. gracilis. G. Operculum, San Diego, California (SERC-34585R). – H. longispinosa. H. Operculum, Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-19654). – H. parva. I. Operculum, Biscayne Bay, Florida (SERC-118709). – H. sanctaecrucis. J. Operculum, Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-66920R).