Crucigera zygophora ( Johnson, 1901 )

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, McCANN, Linda D., Keppel, Erica & Ruiz, Gregory M., 2017, The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview, European Journal of Taxonomy 344, pp. 1-76 : 15-17

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.344

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27AA4538-407D-470A-8141-365124193D85

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851361

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/794587B2-FFCF-FFAC-FDF5-FEABFD4BFE22

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Carolina (2020-05-19 17:24:32, last updated 2024-11-26 04:57:14)

scientific name

Crucigera zygophora ( Johnson, 1901 )
status

 

Crucigera zygophora ( Johnson, 1901) View in CoL

Figs 2 View Fig C–D, 3

Serpula zygophora Johnson, 1901: 433–434 View in CoL , pl. 19, figs 205–208 (type locality: Alki Point, Puget Sound, Washington, United States).

Crucigera formosa Bush, 1905: 233–234 View in CoL , pl. 28, figs 3–4, pl. 33, fig. 4, pl. 39, figs 6–7, 10–11, 14 (type locality: Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island; also from Wrangell, southern Alaska).

Crucigera hespera Chamberlin, 1919b: 270 View in CoL , pl. 2, fig. 9 (type locality: Mendocino, northern California, United States).

Crucigera zygophora View in CoL – Bush 1905: 233, pl. 29, fig. 5, pl. 31, fig. 2, pl. 33, fig. 3, pl. 39, figs 8, 12– 13, 15, 17, 20 (Sitka, Orca and Virgin Bay, and Prince William Sound, southern Alaska; attached to shell fragments, in twisted masses). — Treadwell 1914: 227 (Alaska and Santa Barbara, Southern California). — Berkeley 1930: 73 (Nanoose Bay, British Columbia; 36–55 m). — ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984: 165–170, figs 4a–c, 5d, 8d, 9a–j, 10a, c–d, 11a–h, 12 (revision of the genus; Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and California). — Bastida-Zavala 2008: 17–19 View Cited Treatment , figs 4E–F (Alaska and California; 12–64 m).

Crucigera formosa View in CoL – ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984: 166 (synonymy).

Material examined

179 specimens: AK (61) Jul. 2000, AV (1) Aug. 2000, PW (2) Aug. 2003, KD (26) Aug. 2001, ST (58) Aug. 2001, KT (4) Sep. 2003, WA (11) Aug. 2000, OR (3) Aug. 2000, HB (13) Sep. 2003.

Additional material

Approximately 13 specimens: LACMNH N2128, 1 specimen (approx. 55°55' N, 161°27' W, Canoe Bay, north shore, Alaska, King Crab Investigation, sta. 12–40, 17 Sep. 1940; see Hartman 1948); LACMNH N2129, several specimens (approx. 55°19' N, 162°57' W, Cold Bay, Alaska, King Crab Investigation, sta. 70–40, 27– 64 m, 17 Oct. 1940); LACMNH N2789, 1 specimen (approx. 55°55' N, 161°27' W, Canoe Bay, Alaska, from crab trap, 23 Sep. 1940, coll. N.L. Schmitt); LACMNH N412, 1 specimen (approx. 38°15' N, 122°58' W, Dillon Beach, Perch Rock Pt, California, Jun. 1941, coll. S.F. Light).

Diagnosis

Juvenile specimens. Tube white, thin and smooth; without peristomes, transverse ridges, longitudinal ridges or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white, with a bulbous region below funnel ( Fig. 2C View Fig ). In adult, base of operculum yoke-shaped, with a rounded dorsal process and two latero-ventral ones ( Fig. 2D View Fig ). Operculum a nearly radially symmetric funnel, shallow and smooth, without tubercles, with 13–34 radii with rounded tips ( Fig. 2 View Fig C–D). Collar with bayonet chaetae, with 1–2 blunt, short teeth and minute accessory teeth, smooth distal blade.

Taxonomic remarks

Juveniles of Crucigera zygophora can be mistaken for Serpula columbiana Johnson, 1901 ( Fig. 9A View Fig ), since the operculum funnel is symmetrical and the basal processes appear as a bulbous region ( Fig. 2C View Fig ), less prominent than in the adult specimens ( Fig. 2D View Fig ). However, the number of radii of the juveniles of C. zygophora is mostly less than 25 radii ( Fig. 2C View Fig ), and in adult between 28 to 34 radii, while S. columbiana have more than 100 radii ( Fig. 9B View Fig ). Also, juveniles of C. zygophora could be confused with C. websteri (see previous remarks on this species).

Ecology

Sublittoral, 12–250 m ( ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984; Bastida-Zavala 2008).

Distribution

Pacific: Northern Japan, U.S. west coast from Alaska to southern California ( Treadwell 1914; ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs 1984; Bastida-Zavala 2008). In this work, Crucigera zygophora juveniles were abundant on fouling plates from Kachemak Bay, Kodiak and Sitka, Alaska; and occasionally found in Valdez, Prince William Sound and Ketchikan, Alaska; Puget Sound, Washington; Coos Bay, Oregon; and Humboldt Bay, northern California ( Fig. 3 View Fig ).

Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2008. Serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the eastern Pacific, including a brief mention of Hawaiian serpulids. Zootaxa 1722: 1 - 61.

Berkeley E. 1930. Polychaetous annelids from the Nanaimo district. Part. 5. Ammocharidae to Myzostomidae. With an appendix on some pelagic forms from the Straits of Georgia and the west coast of Vancouver Island. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries 6 (5): 67 - 77.

Bush K. J. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. In: Merriam C. H. (ed.) Harriman Alaska Expedition with Cooperation of Washington Academy of Sciences 12: 169 - 346. Doubleday, Page and Company, New York.

Chamberlin R. V. 1919 b. Pacific coast Polychaeta collected by Alexander Agassiz. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 63 (6): 250 - 270.

Hartman O. 1948. The polychaetous annelids of Alaska. Pacific Science 2 (1): 3 - 58.

Johnson H. P. 1901. The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound Region. Proceedings of the Boston Society for Natural History 29: 381 - 437.

Imajima M. & ten Hove H. A. 1984. Serpulinae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Truk Islands, Ponape and Majuro Atoll, with some other new Indo-Pacific records. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology 27: 35 - 66.

Treadwell A. L. 1914. Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collections of the Zoological Museum of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 13 (8): 175 - 234.

Gallery Image

Fig. 2. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Crucigera websteri. A. Operculum, juvenile from Humboldt Bay, California. B. Operculum, adult from San Pedro, California (LACMNH-N8819). – C. zygophora. C. Operculum, juvenile from Alaska (SERC). D. Operculum, adult from Canoe Bay, Alaska (LACMNH-N2128). – Ficopomatus enigmaticus. E. Tubes from Lake Merritt, California (LACMNH-N5141). F. Body, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-59327). G. Operculum, from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (SERC-60530R). H. Colonies in Long Beach, California (photo by Bruno Pernet).– F. miamiensis. I. Tubes, from Chetumal Bay, Mexican Caribbean (ECOSUR). J–K. Operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-88344RF). – F. uschakovi. L. Tube, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883). M. Thorax and operculum, from Galveston Bay, Texas (SERC-86995). N. Operculum, from La Encrucijada, Chiapas (UMAR-Poly 113). O. Thorax and operculum, from Corpus Christi, Texas (SERC-88883).

Gallery Image

Fig. 9. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Serpula columbiana. A. Operculum, from Ketchikan Bay, Alaska (SERC-81981). B. Operculum, adult from San Diego, California (LACMNH-Poly4928);. – Spirobranchus kraussii. C-D. Operculum and tube fragment, from Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-114603). E. Colony, from Natal, South Africa (LACMNH-N5217). – S. minutus. F. Tube, from Santa Catarina, Brazil (USNM-43239). G. Operculum, From Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-93759). Types of collar chaetae. H–J. Bayonet. K. Bayonet with proximal rasp. L. Capillaries. M. Limbate. N. Fin-andblade chaetae. O. Coarsely serrated. – Hydroides sanctaecrucis (H, L). – H. cf. brachyacantha (I). – Spiraserpula ypsilon (J). – H. elegans (K). – H. ochotereana (M).– Pseudochitinopoma occidentalis (N).– Ficopomatus uschakovi (O, modified from Arteaga-Flórez et al. 2014).

Gallery Image

Fig. 3. Distribution of serpulids (Crucigera and Ficopomatus spp.) from United States fouling plates (closed symbols) and literature records (open symbols).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Order

Sabellida

Family

Serpulidae

Genus

Crucigera