Hyalopale sapphiriglancyorum, Watson & Tilic & Rouse, 2019

Watson, Charlotte, Tilic, Ekin & Rouse, Greg W., 2019, Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida): an amphi-Atlantic Hyalopale bispinosa species complex and five new species from reefs of the Caribbean Sea and Indo-Pacific Oceans, Zootaxa 4671 (3), pp. 339-368 : 353-355

Hyalopale sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov.

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Figs. 1G ; 7 ; 8 A

Material examined. Holotype: MZB Poly.00409, 15E, ovigerous female, L: 1.35mm, W: 0.9mm, Western Pacific , Indonesia, Raja Ampat , slightly subtidal in front of Sorido Resort, Kri Island; rubble, algae and sand, 0.55575° S, 130.68535° E, coll. G. Rouse, Oct. 15, 2013.

Paratypes: MZB Poly.00410, collecting information collecting information as holotype , MZB Poly.00410, 3; SIO-BIC A 9490, 2E; Ovigerous females: 16E, L: 1.45mm, W: 0.9mm; 13E, L: 1.25mm, W: 0.75mm; 11E, L: 0.8mm, W: 0.4mm; one with gametes (?sperm), 16NE, L: 1.5mm, W: 0.8mm.

Additional Material. NTM W. 29627, Australia, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef ( GBR), Low Isles, 16 °23’S, 145° 34’E, Halimeda washings from Porites Pond , coll. B.C. Russell, 23 Dec 1987, 1, 11E, male.

Diagnosis. Hyalopale with mid-body main paleae narrow with well-defined apices, 14–15 (17) ribs, 4–5 shallow raised ribs.

Description (based on holotype, paratypes where noted). Live holotype with pale yellow body with darker patches at base of notopodia, silvery transparent main paleae, solid white pigment present in dorsal anterior segments (to segment 6) including curving around pharynx; holotype and all paratype material with internal brownish-green pigments ( Fig. 7 ). Prostomium partly retracted between anterior two chaetigers, with two pairs of large dark red fused eyes; slender finger shaped median antenna sits anterior to two slender lateral antennae; two rounded palps ventrally placed. Achaetous segment 1, very reduced with two pairs of slender tentacular cirri; segment II with six short, curved notochaetal spines; segment III with lateral spine, eight main paleae. Pharynx barrel shaped, extends to segment 5, very small pair of stylets visible. Mid-body notopodium with relatively narrow, long-shaped main paleae with sloping blunt brow, minute apex, inner margins with minute serrations, convex margin with visible serration leading to apex; with multiple very finely spaced internal ribs; main number 10–12, with (13) 14–15 (16) internal ribs, 4–5 shallow raised ribs; single, short midline-most spine with slight serration on distal convex margin ( Fig. 8A ). Lateral-most main may be slightly more symmetrical with (11) 12–14 ribs; posterior-most notopodia with midline-most main paleae, smaller, markedly more symmetrical in shape, 12–14 ribs. Notopodia with slender dorsal cirrus, style extending as long or slightly longer than main paleae fan. Neurochaetal falcigerous types with very slender blades, minutely serrate basally, with minute curved distal tips, comprising: five superior group very long-bladed; 5–6 mid superior long-bladed; 8–10 mid-group with slightly shorter-blades; 4–5 inferior group slightly shorter bladed. Ventral cirri insert relatively high on posterior margin of neuropodia; shape finger like, very slender about same length to slightly longer than length to neuropodial tip.

Additional material. When alive, the Australian specimen had greenish-black internal pigment material in patches and very thin, transparent paleae covering the dorsum. The convex margin of main palea with very fine serration to distal tip and (14) 15, 16 (17) ribs and 5/6 shallow raised ribs; mid-body segments with a small symmetrical midline-most main, and slender, relatively long dorsal and ventral cirri. It has particularly long-bladed, superior group falcigerous neurochaetae extending out beyond notopodia, numbering five.

Remarks. Hyalopale sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. is characterized by possession of the narrow shape of the main paleae and with the lowest number of ribs; comparatively longer dorsal cirri; neurochaetal types with particularly slender, long blades and slightly higher number of superior-most falcigers and possession of midline spines: characters sufficiently different to separate it from the other northern Australian Hyalopale species, Hyalopale angeliensis sp. nov., found from the eastern Indian Ocean (see Remarks H. angeliensis sp. nov. below). Hyalopale sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. is found in very similar shallow water, tropical coral reefal habitats from both western Pacific localities and is the sister group (though poorly supported) to the eastern Pacific temperate species H. zerofskii sp. nov. ( Fig. 13 ).

The morphology of Hyalopale sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. from Indonesia and north eastern Australia agree, though DNA sequences were only obtained for the Indonesia material. The specimens from the two localities share the presence of midline spines, similar length of dorsal cirri, numbers of superior neurochaetae and long, narrow main paleae with a similar range of rib number: Indonesia, 14–15 (16) versus Australia (14) 15–16 (17), and a similar number of raised ribs. A smaller midline-most main palea is observed in posterior chaetigers in material from Indonesia and is present in most body segments of the GBR specimen. Ovigerous females of 13 to 16 segments entire possessed 1–2 large eggs (220–230 µm) per segment and a total of 9–11 large eggs per individual, with smaller eggs also present; large eggs were absent in the 11E individual ( Fig. 7A ). The Indonesian and Australian material included individuals with bodies starting to disintegrate, neurochaetae falling out and eyes coalescing. Swollen horizontal to coiled glands in mature individuals are situated below the base of the dorsal cirrophore and may have a granular appearance; many individuals also possess large rounded vacuoles with a slight ‘crazed’ surface, situated interamally closer to the neuropodia. Similar mature glandular patterns are seen in Paleanotus species (e.g. Watson 2015, Fig. 2H, I ).

Etymology. Named in honor of the Glancy family, in appreciation for the support by John and Cynthia (Cindy) Glancy for the Rouse lab and the Scripps Oceanographic Collections Endowment (this was John’s gift to Cindy for their 50th wedding anniversary). Cindy and grandchildren were struck by the sapphire blue iridescence of the chaetae of the new species ( Fig. 7 ), so we have incorporated that into the name.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Composite plate comparing notochaetal main paleae in Hyalopale species. A. Hyalopale bispinosa s.s. Florida, W. Atlantic; B. H. cf. bispinosa Crete, Mediterranean Sea; C. H. leslieae sp. nov. Florida Keys, W. Atlantic; D. H. furfuricula sp. nov. Mozambique, W. Indian Ocean; E. H. angeliensis sp. nov. Western Australia, E. Indian Ocean; F. H. zerofskii sp. nov. California, E. Pacific; G. H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. E. Indonesia, W. Pacific. Note: correct number of raised and internal ribs figured.

FIGURE 2. Hyalopale bispinosa s.s. Bahama Islands, LACM–AHF 2879, live, colour photo, by Leslie Harris.

FIGURE 7. H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. Raja Ampat, Indonesia, Paratypes, MZB Poly. 00410, live, colour stereo micrograph, gametous individuals.

FIGURE 8. H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. Raja Ampat, Indonesia, Paratype, MZB Poly. 00410, A. mid-body notopodium with detail of main palea.

FIGURE 13. Maximum likelihood tree obtained with the molecular combined data (COI, 16S, 18S and H3) and with the hesionid Nereimyra punctata as outgroup. Values at nodes are shown as ML bootstrap then MP jackknife values. * =>90% values for ML bootstrap and MP jackknife values. The single MP tree was identical except that it recovered Paleanotus as the sistergroup to the remaining Chrysopetalinae, rather than to Hyalopale, though with only 53% jackknife support.