Zygoneura Meigen, 1830

Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, Zootaxa 5496 (3), pp. 377-400 : 381

Genus Zygoneura Meigen, 1830

Type species: Zygoneura sciarina Meigen, 1830 [ Meigen (1830): 305, Pl. 65, Fig. 15 (by monotypy)].

Pharetratula Mamaev, 1968 [ Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 135; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Mohrig et al. (1990): 227; Zhang & Yang (1990): 267; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62].

Allozygoneura Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 [ Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 374; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 580; Zhang et al. (2010): 40; Shin et al. (2014): 561; Eiseman et al. (2016): 520].

Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 [ Meigen (1830): 304; Enderlein (1911): 187, 191; Johannsen (1912): 113, 116; Lengersdorf (1928 –30): 66; Frey (1942): 21, 35; Frey (1948): 45, 69; Tuomikoski (1960): 3, 156; Steffan (1966): 32, 39; Mamaev (1968): 610; Mamaev (1976): 135; Steffan (1980): 234; Steffan (1981): 250; Freeman (1983): 16, 22; Mamaev (1985): 29; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Gerbachevskaya (1988): 489, 538; Amorim (1992): 68 (in part); Evenhuis (1994): 172; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62; Menzel & Mohrig (1998): 374; Mohrig & Jaschhof (1999): 13, 88; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 84, 576, 723; Sasakawa (2003): 131; Rudzinski (2005): 375; Zhang et al. (2010): 41 ; Mohrig et al. (2013): 265; Shin et al. (2013): 835, 843; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 360].

Remarks. This genus is easily recognizable morphologically by the widely curved fork of wing-vein M, which is also a character of the genus Euricrium Enderlein and Pseudozygomma Mohrig. Zygoneura can be distinguished from the latter genera by characteristics such as a flagellomere with an elongated neck, a gonostylus lacking a tooth, absence of microtrichia on the posterior veins (M and Cu) of the wing, and a uniform coloration of the wing membrane without distinct brown bands..

Distribution. Palearctic, Oriental, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions ( Shin et al. 2014).

Figures

FIGURE 15. Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sajanica Mamaev. A: head, frontal view; B: fourth antennal flagellomere; C: apex of foretibia, prolateral view; D: hypopygium, ventral view; E: wing, dorsal view.