Dermatobranchus tuberculatus, Gosliner & Fahey, 2011

Gosliner, Terrence M. & Fahey, Shireen J., 2011, Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2), pp. 245-356 : 339-345

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00649.x
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/761B2D60-4828-E235-0AAA-F93AFE9A3DCF
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Dermatobranchus tuberculatus
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

DERMATOBRANCHUS TUBERCULATUS View in CoL SP. NOV.

( FIGS 74F–H View Figure 74 , 82–85 View Figure 82 View Figure 83 View Figure 84 View Figure 85 )

Dermatobranchus sp. 17 Gosliner, Behrens & Valdés, 2008: 314, top photo.

Dermatobranchus sp. Coleman, 2008: 122 , as pinkedged Dermatobranchus View in CoL .

Type material: Holotype: CASIZ 112297 , one specimen, dissected, 10 mm preserved, Ligpo Island , Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands, 28 m depth, collected 18.iv.1996 by T. Gosliner . Paratypes: CASIZ 103780 , one specimen, 5 mm preserved, Ligpo Island , Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands, 36 m depth, collected 3.iv.1995 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 110363 , one specimen, 5 mm preserved, Ligpo Island , Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands, no depth recorded, collected 23.iv.1997 by C. Carlson . CASIZ 096332 , one specimen, 11 mm preserved, Devil’s Point , south-west of Maricaban Island, Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands, 25 m depth, collected 17.iii.1994 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 110361 , two specimens, 7–9 mm preserved, Ligpo Island , Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands, 25 m depth, collected 23.iv.1997 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 071239 , three specimens, 2–12 mm preserved, the Quarry , Cape Croiselles, north of Madang, Papua New Guinea, 30 m depth, collected 11.ii.1988 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 105640 , one specimen, 5 mm preserved, Medio Island , Verde Passage, Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands, no depth recorded, collected 28.ii.1995 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 174171 , one specimen, dissected, Tokong Kamundi , east Malaysia, 15 m depth, collected 29.ix.2007 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 178236 , one specimen, piece of CASIZ 174171 sampled for DNA extraction, Tokong Kamundi , east Malaysia, 15 m depth, collected 29.ix.2007 by T. Gosliner. CASIZ 068699 , one specimen, dissected, Hole in the Wall, near Hussein Village, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 7 m depth, collected 21.vii.1989 by J. Markham .

Geographical distribution: Known from Papua New Guinea, east Malaysia, and the Philippines (present study).

Etymology: The specific name tuberculatus refers to the presence of rounded tubercles on the dorsal surface of the notum that characterize this species. It is a noun in apposition

External morphology: The body shape of the living animal ( Fig. 74F–H View Figure 74 ) is elongate and triangular, flattened, and narrows at the rounded posterior end. The foot projects only slightly beyond the distinct mantle margin or may be entirely covered by the notum. The notum is rough and tuberculate with randomly distributed rounded tubercles on the surface. There are no distinct longitudinal ridges in any of the specimens examined. The oral veil extends forward and has rounded corners. The widely spaced, club-shaped rhinophores are behind the oral veil. They have a series of longitudinal lamellae on the rounded club and a short apex above it. The stalk does not narrow noticeably. Marginal sacs are visible along the mantle edge. There are no branchial or hyponotal lamellae. The genital opening is on the right side of the body, near the anterior of the body. The anus is situated approximately one - third of the way from the posterior end of the body.

The ground colour of the notum, the oral veil, and the foot is pale white to tan or purple. The tubercles are generally light brown with darker brown speckling. A light brown triangular mark may be present mid-dorsally on the anterior half of the notum. The oral veil is white with a few dark brown specks and has a pink to purple margin. The rhinophores are light brown with darker brown pigment just below the white apex.

Buccal armature: The jaws ( Figs 82–84A View Figure 82 View Figure 83 View Figure 84 ) are elongate with five to seven rows of undivided denticles ( Figs 82–84B View Figure 82 View Figure 83 View Figure 84 ) along most of the length of the jaw. The radula is moderately short and wide ( Figs 70–72C View Figure 70 View Figure 71 View Figure 72 ). The radular formula of the holotype (CASIZ 112297) is 18 ¥ 8.1.1.1.8 and those of four paratypes are 24 ¥ 16.1.1.1.16 (CASIZ 174171), 19 ¥ 12.1.1.1.12 (CASIZ 112297), 25 ¥ 14.1.1.14 (CASIZ 068699), and 22 ¥ 16.1.1.1.16 (CASIZ 096332). The rachidian teeth ( Figs 82D View Figure 82 , 83E View Figure 83 , 84D View Figure 84 ) are narrow with a narrow, elongate central cusp. The cusp is flanked by five to ten elongate, sharp denticles on either side. The inner lateral tooth ( Figs 82D View Figure 82 , 83E View Figure 83 , 84D View Figure 84 ) is broad with seven to ten elongate denticles on the outer side of the central cusp. The next two to nine laterals bear 5–11 denticles on the outer side of the sharp cusp ( Figs 82E View Figure 82 , 83D View Figure 83 , 84E–F View Figure 84 ). The outer three to five teeth lack denticles.

Reproductive system ( Fig. 85 View Figure 85 ): The ampulla is thick and simply curved. It bifurcates into the large female gland mass via a short oviduct and the vas deferens. The majority of the female gland mass is composed of the mucous gland whereas the membrane and albumen glands are much smaller. The vas deferens is initially relatively narrow and widens into a convoluted prostatic duct that enters the bulbous penial sac. Within the penial sac, the penis is wide and slightly curved and terminates in an acutely pointed apex. Adjacent to the penis is the elongate, wide, curved vagina, which narrows sharply distally and terminates in a relatively large, spherical bursa copulatrix.

Remarks: This species is externally and internally most similar to D. pustulosus . Both species are characterized by an irregular body surface, but in D. pustulosus these form distinct nodules rather than indicated as follows: 0, generally the presumed plesiomorphic condition; 1,2, apomorphic condition. In some cases, where clearly stated, 1 or 2 is the presumed plesiomorphic state. For character states that are not applicable, ‘-’ was used and for missing data, ‘?’ was used. The distribution of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states is presented in Table 2. Character states for the taxa examined for the present study can be found in Table 2. ‘Outgroup taxa’ refers to the combination of species identified in the Material and Methods section.

rounded tubercles as in D. tuberculatus . The rhinophores are far more bulbous in D. pustulosus and the oral veil has dark brown spots on its outer margin whereas it is uniformly pink to purple in D. tuberculatus .

Internally, there are several consistent differences between the two species. The radula of D. pustulosus ( Figs 22 View Figure 22 , 23 View Figure 23 ) contains 32–44 lateral teeth on each outer side of the inner lateral teeth, whereas in D. tuberculatus ( Figs 82–84 View Figure 82 View Figure 83 View Figure 84 ) there are 8–16 teeth on either outer edge of the inner lateral teeth. In D. tuberculatus , there are three to five short denticles on either side of the central cusp of the rachidian teeth, whereas in D. pustulosus there are five to ten elongate denticles on either side. In D. pustulosus , the inner lateral tooth is narrow with three to five denticles on the outer side of the short central cusp, whereas in D. tuberculatus the inner laterals are wide with seven to ten denticles on the outer side of the elongate central cusp. In D. pustulosus the outer 12 lateral teeth lack denticles whereas in D. tuberculatus the outer three to five teeth lack denticles.

The reproductive system of D. pustulosus has a short penial sac whereas it is elongate in D. tuberculatus . In D. pustulosus ( Fig. 24 View Figure 24 ) the vagina is relatively narrow throughout its length whereas in D. tuberculatus ( Fig. 85 View Figure 85 ), it is very wide in the basal portion and narrows abruptly before entering the bursa copulatrix.