Califia calida Hartman, 1957

Blake, James A., 2020, New species and records of deep-water Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Eastern Pacific continental slope, abyssal Pacific Ocean, and the South China Sea, Zootaxa 4730 (1), pp. 1-61 : 22-25

Califia calida Hartman, 1957

Figures 11–12

Califia calida Hartman, 1957: 306–308 , pl. 42, figs. 1–3; 1966: 109; 1969: 17–18, figs. 1–3; Fauchald 1972: 163–164; Blake 1996: 11–12, fig. 1.3; Imajima 1997: 191, fig. 12 a–h; 2009: 109.

Material examined. Continental slope, off northern California, west of Farallon Islands, US Navy 103 Site Selection survey, R / V Wecoma, coll. J.A. Blake, Sta. B-22, 25 July 1991, 37°31.75′N, 123°17.95′W, 2045 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ 234038 ).— US EPA 102 Site Selection Survey, off Half Moon Bay, R / V Point Sur, coll. J.A. Blake, north of Pioneer Canyon, Sta. 3-7, 14 Sep 1991, 37°27,44′N, 123°19.50′W, 1675 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ

234040); south of Pioneer Canyon, Sta. 4-6. 17 Sep 1991, 37°14.03′N, 123°16.84′W, 2010 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ 234029 ) ; Sta. 4-15,19 Sep 1991, 37°12.42′N, 123°15.81′W, 1730 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ 234033 ).— SF-DODS

Benthic Monitoring Program, west of Farallon Islands, R / V Point Sur , coll. J.A. Blake, Sta. 2, 11 Dec 1996, 37°41.00′N, 123°30.00′W, 2600 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ 234031 ) ; Sta. 16, 11 Jul 2007, 37°37.981′N, 123°26.957′, 2699 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ 234037 ) ; Sta. 114, 26 Sep 2003, 37°34.97′N, 123°26.98’′W, 2387 m, 1 specimen ( CASIZ 234039 ) ; Sta. 116, 26 Sep 2003, 37°35.08′N, 123°29.06′W, 2730 m, 1 specimen ( JAB).— Continental margin off Oregon, Cascadia Subduction Zone, NW Knoll, seeps, R / V Sonne Cruise 143, Sta. 68-2, TV-G, coll.

H. Sahling, 27 Jul 1999, 44°43.686′N, 125°13.864′W, 946 m, 1 specimen ( MCZ 153558 ).— South China Sea, off Brunei, Island of Borneo, Site CA1 , R / V Emma , coll. J.A. Blake, box corer, Sta. 19, coll. 05 Jun 2011, 5°47.479′N, 114°9.317′E, 1487m, 1 specimen ( UBD) ; Sta. 58, 01 Jun 2011, 5°44.766′N, 114°17.468′E, 1127 m, 1 specimen ( MCZ 153580 )

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Description. A moderately sized species, largest specimen from off northern California nearly complete, 33 mm long and 2.2 mm wide for 114 setigers ( Blake 1996); largest specimen in present study from off Oregon, 12.2 mm long, 2.0 mm wide for 35 setigers; larger incomplete specimens reported from original materials 80–100 mm long and 6.5 mm wide ( Hartman 1957). Only complete specimen from US Navy Sta. B-22 (CASIZ 234038) small, 3.2 mm long, with 33 setigers. Color in alcohol: light tan; some specimens reported with variable amounts of dark pigment on dorsum from about setiger 9–10 and posteriorly ( Blake 1996).

Prostomium conical, tapering to narrow rounded apex ( Figs. 11 A–B, 12A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs conspicuous elevated mounds, with apical cilia, arising at border with peristomium ( Fig. 11B ). Peristomium short, rectangular, about twice as wide as long with a single annular ring ( Fig. 11 A–B), extending ventrally and forming anterior and posterior lips of mouth ( Fig. 11B ).

Thorax with 9–14 setigers, with higher number on largest specimens. Branchiae from thoracic setigers 8–9 ( Figs. 11A , 12A ), short at first, becoming full size in abdominal segments, continuing posteriorly. Setigers 1–3 with short, digitate postsetal notopodial lamellae ( Fig. 11A, C ); neuropodia with short rounded or spherical postsetal lobes ( Fig. 11C ). Subsequent thoracic segments with elongate digitate noto- and neuropodial postsetal lamellae. Abdominal notopodia narrow, thin lobes ( Fig. 11D ). Abdominal neuropodia dorsally elevated, expanded apically, divided into two more or less equal lobes between which capillary setae arise ( Fig. 11D ). Thoracic segments uniannulate; abdominal segments bi-annulate, best developed on venter.

All thoracic notosetae dense fascicles of camerated capillaries ( Fig. 11C , 12 B-C, F). Setigers 1–3 with modified neurosetae ( Figs. 11C , E–F; 12B, D–E), set off from setiger 4 and following segments ( Figs. 11C , 12B ). Thoracic neurosetae of setigers 1–3 of three types: (1) anterior row of 10 or more short, narrow ribbed uncini with adhering sheath, fragmenting apically into tattered bristles ( Figs. 11F , 12B,E ), (2) 1–2 rows of long, heavy spines, mostly without ribs, bearing narrow adhering sheath dividing into apical bristles, sometimes extending beyond end of seta ( Figs. 11E , 12D ), and (3) superior fascicle of thin camerated capillaries; subsequent thoracic setigers with dense fascicles of short and long camerated capillaries ( Fig. 12C, F ). Abdominal notosetae include long, camerated capillaries and 2–3 delicate furcate setae ( Fig. 11G ). Abdominal neurosetae 5–10 thin capillaries.

Pygidium a rounded lobe with two long, thin anal cirri ( Fig. 11H ).

Variability. In larger specimens of C. calida , there are two rows of the long, smooth neuropodial spines on setigers 1–3; when present, the two rows are joined ventrally by 1–2 ventral-most spines forming a U-shape, similar to neuropodial uncini in some species of Leodamas ( Blake 2017) .

Methyl Green stain. No pattern, body stains uniformly and de-stains rapidly.

Remarks. Califia calida is similar to C. mexicana Fauchald, 1972 in parapodial and most setal morphology. The main differentiating character is the presence of an extra bundle of capillary neurosetae in setigers 1–3 of C. calida that is reported to be absent in C. mexicana by Fauchald (1972). However, Fauchald (1972) also reported C. calida in samples from off Mexico and a careful review of all of the Mexican specimens is needed to confirm the validity of C. mexicana .

Like most deep-water orbiniids reported in this study, Califia calida is relatively rare, with fewer than 10 specimens collected from the various site reconnaissance and monitoring programs off northern California since 1991. No specimens were collected in the most recent SF-DODS surveys of 31 samples (2015–2017). Hartman’s (1957) original collection consisted of 20 specimens from upper slope depths of 430–764 m whereas most subsequent reports by Fauchald (1972), Blake (1996), and this study are from middle and lower slope depths greater than 1100 m. Imajima (1997), however, reported the species from Suruga Bay, Japan, in 180– 740 m.

Blake (1996) noted that thoracic setiger 4 of C. calida sometimes exhibited a few acicular spines suggesting a transitional segment between the modified setigers 1–3 and the following thoracic setigers where all setae are camerated capillaries. One specimen (CASIZ 234029) did exhibit a single acicular spine in setiger 4; transitional spines were not observed in other specimens examined in this study.

Both specimens from the South China Sea have all of the main characters of C. calida including details of the neuropodial uncini of setigers 1–3. Furcate setae were not observed in abdominal notopodia, however, both specimens are incomplete and exhibit damage to the posterior parapodia.

The present description of the pygidial morphology ( Fig. 11H ) appears to be first record of this structure in any species Califia .

Distribution. Eastern Pacific Ocean, San Pedro Basin, California, 430–764 m ( Hartman 1957); middle and lower slope depths from off Oregon to Mexico; 946–2730 m; western Pacific Ocean, Japan, 180–740 m; South China Sea off Brunei, 1127–1487m.

Figures

FIGURE 11. Califia calida Hartman, 1957. (CASIZ 234031): A, anterior end, dorsal view. (CASIZ 234031): B, anterior end, ventral view. (CASIZ 234040): C, setiger 2, anterior view; D, middle abdominal setiger, anterior view; E, long, smooth neuropodial spine from setiger 2; F, short, ribbed neuropodial spine, setiger 2; G, abdominal notopodial furcate seta; H, posterior end, dorsal view.

FIGURE 12. Califia calida Hartman, 1957. (CASIZ 234037): A, anterior end, dorsal view. (CASIZ 234040): B, setiger 2, anterior view; C, middle thoracic setiger, anterior view; D, long, smooth neuropodial spines from setiger 2; E, short, ribbed neuropodial spines from setiger 2; F, group of notopodial capillary setae from setiger 3. Stained with Shirlastain A.