Rhamphomyia (Holoclera), 1860

Shamshev, Igor V. & Barták, Miroslav, 2024, New species and records of the Rhamphomyia subgenus Holoclera (Diptera, Empididae) from the Palaearctic Region, Zootaxa 5512 (4), pp. 512-530 : 526-528

Key to Palaearctic species of Rhamphomyia (Holoclera)

The key provided below is an updated and slightly modified version of the key compiled by Barták & Kubík (2012).

1 Fore femur with row (often irregular) of short, spine-like setae anteriorly. Hind tibia at most with very short seta in posteroapical comb. Acrostichal setae absent. ( R. (H.) nigripennis group).................................................... 2

- Fore femur with fine setae anteriorly. Hind tibia with long seta in posteroapical comb (much longer than surrounding setulae). Acrostichal setae usually present; if absent, anal vein complete. (R. (H.) flava group)............................... 25

2 (1) Palpus yellow. [Additional characters: postsutural supra-alar seta present, fore coxa yellow. Male: hypopygium— Barták 1982, fig. 16c. Female: frons shiny, hind femur with 1 to several ventral setae at apical third.]........... R. (H.) caliginosa Collin

- Palpus brown to black................................................................................. 3

3 (2) Dorsocentral setae 2–3-serial. [Additional characters: fore coxa brown, postsutural supra-alar seta present. Male: fore femur with posterodorsal setae as long as femur width; hypopygium— Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 8–10. Female: frons pruinose, hind femur without long ventral setae]....................................................... R. (H.) biserialis Collin

- Dorsocentral setae uniserial............................................................................. 4

4 (3) Male............................................................................................... 5

- Female............................................................................................ 15

5 (4) Mesoscutum extensively shiny, with two narrow vittae of faint pruinosity below rows of dorsocentral setae and somewhat broader median vitta. [Additional characters: postsutural supra-alar seta absent, fore coxa yellow. Habitus ( Fig. 2A ), male hypopygium ( Fig. 2B, C ).]....................................................... R. (H.) stepankubiki sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum uniformly pruinose......................................................................... 6

6 (5) Cercus slightly longer than epandrium, with very long setae dorsally............................................. 7

- Cercus shorter than epandrium, with short setae............................................................. 8

7 (6) Abdominal sternite 8 with 2–4 long and 2–5 short marginal setae. Cercus parallel-sided in apical half, with only short setae ventrally; epandrial lamella gently rounded apically, without spine-like apical setae; hypandrium long and densely setose, setae longer than its maximum height ( Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 6, 7)............................. R. (H.) tenuipes Becker

- Abdominal sternite 8 with equally short setae arranged in two irregular rows (10–12 setae in each row). Cercus distinctly broadened apically, with long setae also along ventral margin; epandrial lamella narrowed apically, with 1–2 spine-like apical setae; hypandrium short and sparsely setose, setae shorter than its maximum height ( Collin 1961, fig. 149b)............................................................................................... R. (H.) lamellata Collin

8 (6) Cercus at most slightly, broadly concave dorsally (lateral view)................................................. 9

- Cercus with at least deep notch at apical half (lateral view), forming distinct lobes................................. 11

9 (8) Larger, body 4–4.1 mm, wing 4.4–4.8 mm ( Fig. 4A ). Epandrial lamella only with fine setae at apex ( Fig. 4B, C ); hypandrium with 2 long, strong setae............................................................. R. (H.) vikhrevi sp. nov.

- Smaller, body 2.5–3 mm, wing 2.5–3.5 mm. Epandrial lamella at least with 1 short, spine-like seta at apex; hypandrium with several setae........................................................................................ 10

10 (9) Cercus with inner margin angled (dorsal view); epandrial lamella with several strong setae at apex; phallus extremely long, longer than abdomen (only visible after dissection) ( Barták 1982, fig. 12d)................ R. (H.) nigripennis (Fabricius)

- Cercus with inner margin straight (V-shaped in dorsal view); epandrial lamella with only single, short apical seta; phallus short ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 3)................................................. R. (H.) helvetica Barták & Kubík

11 (8) Fore coxa dark, concolorous with pleura.................................................................. 12

- Fore coxa yellowish brown, paler than pleura.............................................................. 13

12 (11) Hypandrium long setose ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 9), pruinose in ventral view............. R. (H.) trigemina Oldenberg

- Hypandrium without setae, shiny in ventral view ( Barták 1982, fig. 16d)................... R. (H.) umbripennis Meigen

13 (11) Epandrial lamella nearly bottle-shaped, with elongate, slender apical portion ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 4); cercus almost as long as epandrial lamella, lower lobe clavate (lateral view). [Additional characters: cercus distinctly divided into two lobes at apical half; lower lobe nearly as broad as basal half of cercus, upper lobe digitiform, much shorter and narrower than lower lobe; with additional short internal projection, only visible following dissection; postsutural supra-alar seta present; labrum 1.5 times as long as head height.]................................................ R. (H.) portugalica Barták & Kubík

- Epandrial lamella subtriangular to subrectangular, at most slightly narrowed and rounded at apex; cercus distinctly shorter than epandrial lamella, lower lobe digitiform, slender (lateral view)................................................ 14

14 (13) Cercus with deep notch at apical half; upper lobe scarcely prominent (lateral view) ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 2). Hypandrium with long setae. Postsutural supra-alar seta absent.................................. R. (H.) bohemica Barták & Kubík

- Cercus mostly divided into two digitiform lobes of subequal lengths (lateral view) ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 8). Hypandrium with very short setae. Postsutural supra-alar seta unknown. ( Turkey).......... R. (H.) sp. (= sp. 2 in Barták & Kubík 2012)

15 (4) Mesoscutum extensively shiny, with two narrow vittae of faint pruinosity below rows of dorsocentral setae and somewhat broader median vitta. [Additional characters: postsutural supra-alar seta absent, fore coxa yellow.].................................................................................................. R. (H.) stepankubiki sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum uniformly pruinose........................................................................ 16

16 (15) Frons shiny.................................................................. R. (H.) nigripennis (Fabricius)

- Frons pruinose...................................................................................... 17

17 (16) Postsutural supra-alar seta absent. Fore coxa yellow to yellowish brown, paler than pleura.......................... 18

- Postsutural supra-alar seta present (sometimes very short). Fore coxa yellow (paler than pleura) or brown (concolorous with pleura)............................................................................................. 20

18 (17) Larger, body 4–4.1 mm, wing 4.4–4.8 mm. Hind femur with 1 subapical anteroventral seta. Morocco (High Atlas Mountains)................................................................................ R. (H.) vikhrevi sp. nov.

- Smaller, body 2.5–3 mm, wing 2.5–3.5 mm. Hind femur without subapical anteroventral seta. Europe................. 19

19 (18) Antenna with postpedicel usually shorter than 0.20 mm, 1.4–1.7 times as long as stylus.... R. (H.) bohemica Barták & Kubík

- Antenna with postpedicel usually longer than 0.21 mm, 1.8–2.0 times as long as stylus.... R. (H.) helvetica Barták & Kubík

20 (17) Fore coxa brown, concolorous with pleura................................................................ 21

- Fore coxa yellow to yellowish brown, paler than pleura...................................................... 22

21 (20) Dorsocentral setae long (about as long as distance between rows); usually 1 long and 0–1 shorter postsutural supra-alar seta(e). Frons slightly broadened above.................................................... R. (H.) trigemina Oldenberg

- Dorsocentral setae shorter than distance between rows; usually 2 subequally short postsutural supra-alar setae. Frons slightly broadened below................................................................ R. (H.) umbripennis Meigen

22 (20) Proboscis with labrum more than 1.5 times as long as head height. Fore coxa usually darker, yellowish brown. Halter with yellowish brown knob..................................................... R. (H.) portugalica Barták & Kubík

- Proboscis with labrum less than 1.4 times as long as head height. Fore coxa yellow. Halter with brown knob............ 23

23 (22) Hind femur without long anteroventral seta, anterior spines on fore femur shorter than 0.02 mm long ( Turkey).............................................................................. R. (H.) sp. (sp. 2 in Barták & Kubík 2012)

- Hind femur with or without long anteroventral seta, anterior spines on fore femur up to 0.03 mm long................. 24

24 (23) South Mediterranean................................................................ R. (H.) tenuipes Becker

- Temperate European................................................................. R. (H.) lamellata Collin

25 (1) Acrostichal setae absent............................................................................... 26

- Acrostichal setae present.............................................................................. 29

26 (25) Thorax and abdomen entirely yellow ( Fig. 1A ). Halter with brown (male) knob or yellow (female) knob................................................................................................. R. (H.) richterae sp. nov.

- Thorax and abdomen extensively black to brown in ground-colour. Halter with yellow knob in both sexes.............. 27

27 (26) Abdomen pale setose....................................................... R. (H.) daugeroni Barták & Kokan

- Abdomen black setose................................................................................ 28

28 (27) Antennal stylus shorter, 1/3 of postpedicel length. Mid and hind tibiae with anteroventral setae. Male: hypandrium with several long submedian setae ( Barták 1982, fig. 16b; Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 7).................... R. (H.) variabilis (Fallén)

- Antennal stylus longer, more than half of postpedicel length. Mid and hind tibiae without anteroventral setae. Male: hypandrium with two very short apical setae ( Barták & Kubík 2012, figs 5, 6). Habitus as Fig. 3.... R . (H.) subvariabilis Barták & Kubík

29 (25) Antennal scape yellow. Thorax of both sexes yellow, without dark pattern........................ R. (H.) flava (Fallén)

- Antennal scape reddish brown to black, distinctly darker than palpus. Male thorax never yellow...................... 30

30 (29) Male.............................................................................................. 31

- Female (unknown in R. (H.) bistriatella).................................................................. 36

31 (30) Eyes broadly separated on frons, ommatidia enlarged in ventral part. Frons with setae at least as long as pedicel......... 32

- Eyes meeting or almost meeting on frons, if narrowly separated, frons bare or with minute setae only, ommatidia enlarged in dorsal part.......................................................................................... 34

32 (31) Epandrial lamella broader at apex, rather subrectangular ( Barták 1982, fig. 16e). Wing with vein CuA+CuP complete. Mesoscutum usually with more than 35 acrostichal and dorsocentral setae altogether. Scutellum usually with 6 setae. Larger species, wing more than 5.5 mm ................................................... R. (H.) flaviventris Macquart

- Epandrial lamella narrower at apex, subtriangular ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 1). Wing with vein CuA+CuP incomplete. Mesoscutum usually with less than 35 acrostichal and dorsocentral setae altogether. Scutellum usually with 4 setae. Smaller species, wing less than 5.5 mm ......................................................................... 33

33 (32) Halter yellow. Fore and mid tibiae with dorsal setae at least as long as tibia width. Cercus in dorsal view with basal swelling, in lateral view trilobate ( Barták 1982, fig. 17f)............................................. R. (H.) bistriata Strobl

- Halter grey. Fore and mid tibiae without dorsal setae. Cercus in dorsal view without basal swelling, strip-like, in lateral view bilobate ( Barták & Kubík 2012, fig. 1)......................................... R. (H.) bistriatella Barták & Kubík

34 (31) Wing with vein CuA+CuP complete, well-sclerotised throughout. Mesoscutum dark brown or reddish brown in dorsal view. Mid femur with anterior setae. Hind femur with at least 2 strong anteroventral (or ventral) setae, one of which situated on basal half of femur................................................................... R. (H.) heterochroma Bezzi

- Wing with vein CuA+CuP incomplete, at least distinctly weakened or abbreviated at apical part. Mesoscutum velvety black in dorsal view. Mid femur usually without anterior setae. Hind femur usually without anteroventral (or ventral) setae at least on basal half of femur................................................................................... 35

35 (34) Visible part of cercus longer than high ( Barták 1982, fig. 16a). Phallus slightly broadened at tip. Wing with axillary angle acute............................................................................ R. (H.) culicina (Fallén)

- Visible part of cercus higher than long ( Barták 1982, fig. 15b). Phallus pointed at tip. Wing with axillary angle obtuse to right................................................................................ R. (H.) sciarina (Fallén)

36 (30) Thorax black...................................................................... R. (H.) culicina (Fallén)

- Thorax yellow in ground-colour......................................................................... 37

37 (36) Wing with vein CuA+CuP complete; axillary angle right to acute. Scutellum usually with 6–8 setae. Clypeus shiny...... 38

- Wing with vein CuA+CuP incomplete; axillary angle right to obtuse. Scutellum usually with 4 scutellar setae. Clypeus pruinose........................................................................................... 39

38 (37) Hind femur with at least 2 anteroventral setae, one of which situated on basal half of femur. Mid femur with several setae anteriorly. Larger, more robust and more setose species. Abdominal sternite 1 setulose or bare.. R. (H.) heterochroma Bezzi

- Hind femur without anteroventral (ventral) setae at least on basal half. Smaller, less robust and less setose species. Abdominal sternite 1 bare.................................................................. R. (H.) flaviventris Macquart

39 (37) Halter clear yellow. Mesoscutum usually with more than 10 acrostichal setae, without vittae......... R. (H.) bistriata Strobl

- Halter greyish. Mesoscutum usually bearing less than 10 acrostichal setae, with two darker and shinier vittae between rows of acrostichals and dorsocentrals........................................................ R. (H.) sciarina (Fallén)

Figures

FIGURE 1. Rhamphomyia (Holoclera) richterae sp. nov., male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Hypopygium, lateral view. C. Outline of hypopygium, lateral view (setae omitted). D. Cerci, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Rhamphomyia (Holoclera) stepankubiki sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Hypopygium, lateral view. C. Outline of hypopygium, lateral view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Rhamphomyia (Holoclera) subvariabilis Barták & Kubík. Male habitus, lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Rhamphomyia (Holoclera) vikhrevi sp. nov., male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B, C. postabdomen, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus. Scale bars: A—1 mm, C—0.1 mm.