Amazonatolica, Holzenthal, Ralph W. & Pes, Ana Maria Oliveira, 2004

Holzenthal, Ralph W. & Pes, Ana Maria Oliveira, 2004, A new genus of long­horned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini), Zootaxa 621, pp. 1-16 : 3-6

Amazonatolica , new genus

Figs. 1–9

Type species: Amazonatolica hamadae , new species, original designation.

Adult: body, wings, and appendages pale stramineous, denuded (all specimens in alcohol). Head: frontal setal wart elongate oval ( Fig. 1 C), anteromesal, anterior, and posterolateral setal warts subequal, oval ( Fig. 1 A); intraocular distance about 2X diameter of eye ( Fig. 1 A); malar space very narrow ( Fig. 1 B); tentorium ( Fig. 1 D): anterior arms slender, slightly curved, tentorial bridge straight, very narrow, dorsal arms vestigial; antennal scape short ( Figs. 1 B, C), cylindrical, unmodified, with vestiture of short, fine setae; mouthparts ( Figs. 1 B, C): labrum very small; mandibles minute, slender; maxillary galea a small setose lobe, maxillary and labial palps 3­segmented in both sexes; haustellum present, very short. Thorax ( Figs. 1 A, B): prothorax small, meso­ (especially) and metathorax very large; mesopleural katepisternum very narrow ( Fig. 1 B); pronotal setal wart small, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with fine, diffuse setae ( Fig. 1 A); legs very slender ( Fig. 1 E), foreleg shortest, hind leg longest, hind leg femur short, slightly bowed, hind leg tibia long, bowed, hind leg basitarsus 2X longer than tarsal segments 2–5 combined; all tibiae lacking spurs (i.e., tibial spur formula 0, 0, 0), but tibiae and tarsi bearing small, black spines; tarsal claws small. Forewings ( Figs. 2 A, 3A) narrow in both sexes; forks I and V present in male ( Fig. 2 ) (as interpreted by Holzenthal 1988); I, III, and V present in female; forewing forks I (both sexes) and III (female) petiolate, with stems equal in length to their forks; fork V deep, sessile; discoidal and thyridial cells long, subequal in male, discoidal cell 2/3 length of thyridial cell in female. Hind wings ( Figs. 2 B, 3B) narrow, but especially so in female; pointed apically; only fork V present; wide space between R1 and Rs.

Male ( Fig. 4 ): Abdominal segment IX annular, narrow. Segment X simple; without processes. Preanal appendage long, digitate, setose, shorter than abdominal segment X. Inferior appendage long, bipartite; primary segment with long, digitate apicodorsal portion and broader basal portion; basal portion with broad, triangular, sclerotized mesal shelf; apicodorsal portion bearing short, stout, spine­like setae on mesal surface; second article of inferior appendage (harpago) long, spatulate, apex rounded. Phallic apparatus simple, phallobase tubular; phalicata absent (or fused apically with phallobase); parameres absent; endophallic membranes present apicoventrally; phallotremal sclerites present.

Female ( Fig. 5 ): Tergum IX lightly sclerotized, with dorsal setae; sternum IX lightly sclerotized, rounded, covered with fine microtrichia. Appendage of segment X short, broadly rounded apically, heavily setose. Valve prominent, flaplike, apex irregular, heavily setose. Tergum X produced into thin, ventrally directed, apically excavated, sclerotized plate below appendages of segment X and between valves. Vaginal apparatus oval, with central, key­hole shaped sclerites.

Larva: Length of final instar larva 7.5–8 mm (n=6). Head ( Figs. 6 B, 8): pale stramineous; elongate oval; antennae atypical for family, very short, situated close to anterior margin of head capsule; ventral apotome small, triangular, but venter of head semimembranous, unpigmented and ventral ecdysial line obscure ( Fig. 8); head setal pattern ( Fig. 8) atypical for family, numerous short, pale, secondary setae on labrum and at head primary setal positions 1–3, 7–11, and 15–17; primary seta 12 apparently absent; mandibles ( Fig.7 D) scraper­like, symmetrical, broadly triangular, with shallow apical teeth and deep mesal concavity bearing apical brush of peglike setae and basal brush of long, slender setae. Thorax ( Figs. 6 A, B): pale yellow; pronotum wider than long, apical margin straight, covered with many short, fine secondary setae, pronotal cuticle ( Fig. 7 E) (also, but to a lesser extent, head and mesonotum) sparsely papillate; mesonotal sclerites completely covering dorsum of mesonotum, somewhat expanded laterally, anterolateral corners rounded, anterior half covered with many fine, secondary setae, pale yellow, with darker pigmentation along ecdysial line and distinctive dark spot at ventrolateral corner; metanotal sa l and sa 2 sclerites completely fused, forming a single large median plate with posterolateral corners extended and directed mesad, very lightly pigmented except for darker pigmented areas along ecdysial line; sa 3 sclerites elongate oval, very lightly pigmented; metanotal setae as in Fig. 6 B; foretrochantin horn­shaped ( Fig. 7 F); meso­ and metapleural sclerites large; thoracic sterna without setae; legs short, stout (7A–C); foreleg shortest, hind leg longest; hind tibia broad, triangular in cross section, greatly expanded apicoventrally, lacking macrosetae, but covered with fine microtrichia; tarsal claws short, stout, with short basal seta. Abdomen ( Fig. 6 A): unusually long and slender; segment I with lateral hump sclerite ( Fig. 7 H), but without dorsal hump sclerite; abdominal fringe and lateral tubercles absent; gills absent; dorsal sclerite of segment IX ( Fig. 7 I) with posterolateral corners irregularly extended, with 1 pair of long apicolateral seta and 2 pairs of very short mesal setae; anal proleg ( Fig. 7 G) with narrow ventral plate in addition to lateral sclerite and ventral sole plate and bearing long apicolateral setae; band of uniformly small spines adjacent to anal opening; 6 anal papillae present, single dorsal papilla, 2 pairs of mesal papillae, and 1 ventral papilla; anal claw prominent, with single, stout, dorsal accessory hook.

Larval Case ( Fig. 6 C): Composed entirely of silk; long, slender, tapered, gently curved, transparent. Length of final instar case 10–11 mm (n=6).

Pupa: Head ( Fig. 9 B): sparsely setose, with pair of short setae on vertex, pair of long frontal setae, and single, pale setae below each eye; labrum oval, with 2 pairs of long basal setae, and 3 pairs of much shorter, paler lateral and apical setae; mandibles small, each with single, large, apical tooth, inner margins smooth. Abdomen ( Fig. 9 A): long, slender; abdominal segment I with elongate, narrow, faint sclerite, bearing single, fine seta; abdominal hook plates III, IV, Va and Vp, VI present, small, oval, bearing 2–3 or 4 (plate Vp) small spines; lateral abdominal setal fringe absent; gills absent; dorsum of segment VIII with pair of small, narrow, irregular sclerites; segment IX narrow, tapered, very membranous, with single pair of lateral setae; anal processes slender, flexible, each bearing 3 setae along length ( Fig. 9 A). Anterior silken membrane of pupal case ( Fig. 9 C) imperfectly triperforate.

Etymology. The genus name is a combination of the word Amazona for the Amazon River and the suffix ­ tolica taken from the name of the related genus Atanatolica .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Adult head and thorax: A—dorsal; B—lateral; C—frontal; D—tentorium, dorsal; E—fore­, mid­, and hind legs, lateral.

FIGURE 2. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Male wings: A—forewing; B—hind wing.

FIGURE 4. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Male genitalia: A—lateral; B—inferior appendage, ventral; C—segments IX & X, dorsal; D—phallus, lateral; E—apex of phallus, enlarged, lateral; F—apex of phallus, enlarged, ventral.

FIGURE 5. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Female genitalia: A—lateral; B—dorsal; C—vaginal apparatus, ventral.

FIGURE 6. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Larva: A—lateral; B—head and thorax, dorsal; C—case, lateral.

FIGURE 7. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Larva: A—foreleg, lateral; B—midleg, lateral; C—hind leg, lateral; D—mandible, dorsal; E—anteromesal corner of pronotum, detail of cuticle; F—fore trochantin, lateral; G—abdominal segments IX & X, lateral; H—lateral hump scletire, lateral; I—tergum IX, dorsal.

FIGURE 9. Amazonatolica hamadae, new species. Pupa: A—abdomen, abdominal hook plates, enlarged; B—head, frontal, mandible enlarged; C—anterior silken membrane of pupal case.