Tachycines (Gymnaeta) parvus, Qin & Liu & Li, 2019

Qin, Yanyan, Liu, Xianwei & Li, Kai, 2019, Review of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, Aemodogryllinae, Aemodogryllini), Zootaxa 4560 (2), pp. 273-310 : 275-276

Key to the species of subgenus (Gymnaeta) genus Tachycines

1(26) Hind metatarsus with bristles beneath.

2(7) Supra internal spur of hind tibiae almost exceeding ventral apex of hind metatarsus.

3(4) Hind tibiae above on each side with less than 50 spines.............................. T. (G.) tonkinensis Chopard, 1929

4(3) Hind tibiae above on each side with more than 50 spines.

5(6) Dorsal surface of body without longitudinal band; male genitalia as Figs. 3–4 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 5............................................................................. T . (G.) gonggashanicus ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

6(5) Dorsal surface of body with light longitudinal band; male genitalia as Fig. 7 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 8........................................................................................ T . (G.) brevicaudus Karny, 1934

7(2) Supra internal spur of hind tibiae not exceeding ventral apex of hind metatarsus.

8(13) Internal genicular lobe of fore femur without spine; hind tibiae above on each side with more than 50 spines.

9(10) Subgenital plate of female transverse ( Fig. 11 ); male genitalia as Fig. 10......... T . (G.) wuyishanicus ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

10(9) Subgenital plate of female not transverse.

11(12) Subgenital plate of female as long as wide ( Fig. 15 ); male genitalia as Figs. 13–14................. T . (G.) parvus sp. nov.

12(11) Subgenital plate of female distinctly longer than wide ( Fig. 17 )................. T. (G.) longilaminus ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

13(8) Internal genicular lobe of fore femur with a short spine; hind tibiae above on each side with less than 50 spines.

14(19) Fore and mid tibiae beneath with spurs.

15(18) Mid tibiae beneath with 1–2 external spurs and 1 internal spur; 3–8th abdominal sternites with cone-like projections.

16(17) Eyes somewhat reduced ( Fig.18 ); epiphallus of male as Fig. 20............... T . (G.) semicrenatus ( Gorochov et al., 2006)

17(16) Eyes well developed; epiphallus of male as Fig. 21.............................. T . (G.) chenhui ( Rampini et al., 2008)

18(15) Mid tibiae beneath with 1 internal spur only; 3–8th abdominal sternites without cone-like projections................................................................................................. T. (G.) cuenoti Chopard, 1929

19(14) Fore and mid tibiae beneath without spurs.

20(21) Eyes less reduced; female subgenital plate as Fig. 27........................... T . (G.) caudatus ( Gorochov et al., 2006)

21(20) Eyes strongly reduced.

22(25) Eyes presented by a line.

23(24) Hind tibiae above on each side with 26–39 spines............................. T. (G.) proximus ( Gorochov et al., 2006)

24(23) Hind tibiae above on each side with 9–11 spines............................. T. (G.) ferecaecus ( Gorochov et al., 2006)

25(22) Eyes absent....................................................... T. (G.) omninocaecus ( Gorochov et al., 2006)

26(1) Hind metatarsus keeled beneath.

27(68) Supra internal spur of hind tibiae not exceeding ventral apex of hind metatarsus.

28(51) Hind tibiae above on each side with 50–90 spines.

29(38) Body smaller (hind femur shorter than 20mm).

30(37) Body unicolor; frons without dark longitudinal bands.

31(34) Epiphallus of male A-shaped.

32(33) Male genitalia as Figs. 36–37 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 38.................... T . (G.) beresowskii ( Adelung, 1902)

33(32) Male genitalia as Fig. 39 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 40......................... T . (G.) belousovi (Gorochov, 2010)

34(31) Epiphallus of male not A-shaped.

35(36) Male genitalia as Figs. 42–43.................................................. T . (G.) fallax ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

36(35) Male genitalia as Figs. 46–47.............................................. T . (G.) femoratus ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

37(30) Body light brown, mottled with dark blotches; frons with 2 dark longitudinal bands ( Fig. 48 ); male genitalia as Figs. 49–50 T . (G.) lushuicus sp. nov.

38(29) Body larger (hind femur longer than 20mm).

39(40) Epiphallus of male distinctly transverse ( Fig. 52 ).................................. T. (G.) bifurcatus (Gorochov, 2010)

40(39) Epiphallus of male not transverse.

41(46) Subgenital plate of female with triangular median lobe.

42(43) Epiphallus of male nearly rectangular............................................. T. (G.) racovitzai Chopard, 1915

43(42) Epiphallus of male H-shaped.

44(45) Male genitalia as Fig. 55 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 56...................... T . (G.) solidus ( Gorochov et al., 2006)

45(44) Male genitalia as Fig. 57 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 58....................... T . (G.) latellai ( Rampini et al., 2008) 46(41) Subgenital plate of female with rounded median lobe.

47(48) Body unicolor; male genitalia as Figs. 59–60 ; female subgenital plate as Fig. 61.............. T . (G.) yueyangensis sp. nov.

48(47) Body light brown, mottled with dark blotches.

49(50) Apex of female subgenital plate bluntly projected ( Fig. 63 )........................... T. (G.) latus ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

50(49) Apex of female subgenital plate bluntly truncate ( Fig. 65 )........................ T. (G.) roundatus ( Zhang & Liu, 2009)

51(28) Hind tibiae above on each side with 30–50 spines.

52(57) Fore femur about 2.4–2.5 times longer than the pronotum.

53(54) Abdominal sternites with short ventral projections; male genitalia as Fig. 66........... T . (G.) zorzini ( Rampini et al., 2008)

54(53) Abdominal sternites without ventral projections.

55(56) Male genitalia as Figs. 69–70 ; subgenital plate of female as Fig. 71................... T . (G.) borutzkyi ( Gorochov, 1994)

56(55) Male genitalia as Figs. 73–74 ; subgenital plate of female as Fig. 75................................. T . (G.) lii sp. nov.

57(52) Fore femur about 2.0–2.2 times longer than the pronotum.

58(59) Body larger (hind femur longer than 20mm); epiphallus of male as Fig. 76................ T . (G.) coomani Chopard, 1929

59(58) Body smaller (hind femur shorter than 20mm).

60(61) Fore tibiae beneath with 2 external spurs and 2 internal spurs; male genitalia as Fig. 80.......... T . (G.) dianxicus sp. nov.

61(60) Fore tibiae beneath with 1–2 external spurs and 1 internal spur.

62(63) Epiphallus of male nearly H-shaped ( Fig. 82 ); subgenital plate of female as Fig. 84....... T . (G.) cavernus ( Jiao et al., 2008)

63(62) Epiphallus of male genitalia nearly subquadrate.

64(65) Apex of subgenital plate of female notched; male genitalia as Figs. 85–86.................... T . (G.) bruneri Karny, 1934

65(64) Apex of subgenital plate of female blunt.

66(67) Male genitalia as Fig. 90 ; subgenital plate of female as Fig. 91................................ T . (G.) pallidus sp. nov.

67(66) Male genitalia as Fig. 92 ; subgenital plate of female as Fig. 93...................... T . (G.) sonlaensis (Gorochov, 1990)

68(27) Supra internal spur of hind tibiae almost exceeding ventral apex of hind metatarsus.

69(76) Body larger (hind femur longer than 20mm).

70(73) Hind tibiae above on each side with 70–90 spines.

71(72) Male genitalia as Fig. 94........................................................ T . (G.) adelungi Chopard, 1921

72(71) Male genitalia as Fig. 98..................................................... T . (G.) nocturnus ( Gorochov, 1992)

73(70) Hind tibiae above on each side with 50–70 spines.

74(75) Hind tibiae above on each side with 61–67 spines; male genitalia as Figs. 101–102................. T . (G.) dispar sp. nov.

75(74) Hind tibiae above on each side with 50–51 spines; male genitalia as Figs. 105–106.................. T . (G.) verus sp. nov.

76(69) Body smaller (hind femur shorter than 20mm).

77(82) Epiphallus of male A-shaped.

78(81) Fore tibiae beneath with 2 external spurs and 2 internal spurs.

79(80) Male genitalia as Fig. 107...................................................... T . (G.) gansu (Gorochov, 2010)

80(79) Male genitalia as Fig. 108 ; subgenital plate of female as Fig. 109....................... T . (G.) longicaudus Karny, 1934

81(78) Fore tibiae beneath with 2 external spurs and 1 internal spur; male genitalia as Fig. 110..... T . (G.) kabaki (Gorochov, 2010)

82(77) Epiphallus of male not A-shaped.

83(86) Epiphallus of male nearly triangular.

84(85) Male genitalia as Fig. 111.................................................... T . (G.) sichuanus (Gorochov, 2010)

85(84) Male genitalia as Fig. 113................................................. T . (G.) altimontanus (Gorochov, 2010)

86(83) Epiphallus of male not triangular-shaped.

87(88) Male genitalia as Fig. 115.............................................................. T . (G.) vicinus sp. nov.

88(87) Male genitalia as Fig. 117...................................................... T . (G.) maoershanensis sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 52. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) bifurcatus (Gorochov, 2010). 52. male genitalia, dorsal view. (modified from Gorochov, 2010)

FIGURE 107. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) gansu (Gorochov, 2010). 107. male genitalia, dorsal view. (modified from Gorochov, 2010)

FIGURE 110. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) kabaki (Gorochov, 2010). 110. male genitalia, dorsal view. (modified from Gorochov, 2010)

FIGURE 113. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) altimontanus (Gorochov, 2010). 113. male genitalia, dorsal view. (modified from Gorochov, 2010)

FIGURE 117. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) maoershanensis sp. nov.. 117. male genitalia, dorsal view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 2–5. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) gonggashanicus (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 2. hind tarsus, lateral view; 3. male genitalia, dorsal view; 4. male genitalia, ventral view; 5. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 6–8. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) brevicaudus Karny, 1934. 6. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 7. male genitalia, dorsal view; 8. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 9–11. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) wuyishanicus (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 9. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 10. male genitalia, dorsal view; 11(a, b). a. larve of female subgenital plate, ventral view; b. adult of female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009, scale=1mm)

FIGURES 12–15. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) parvus sp. nov.. 12. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 13. male genitalia, dorsal view; 14. male genitalia, ventral view; 15. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 16–17. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) longilaminus (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 16. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 17. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 18–20. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) semicrenatus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006). 18. head and pronotum, lateral view; 19. coxae, lower parts of 3rd–8th abdominal sternites, lateral view; 20. male genitalia, dorsal view. (modified from Gorochov et al., 2006)

FIGURES 21–22. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) chenhui (Rampini, Di Russo & Cobolli, 2008). 21. male genitalia, dorsal view; 22. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Rampini et al., 2008)

FIGURES 27–28. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) caudatus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006). 27. female subgenital plate, ventral view; 28. ovipositor, lateral view. (modified from Gorochov et al., 2006)

FIGURES 36–38. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) beresowskii (Adelung, 1902). 36. male genitalia, dorsal view; 37. male genitalia, ventral view; 38. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 39–40. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) belousovi (Gorochov, 2010). 39. male genitalia, dorsal view; 40. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 41–44. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) fallax (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 41. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 42. male genitalia, dorsal view; 43. male genitalia, ventral view; 44. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 45–47. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) femoratus (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 45. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 46. male genitalia, dorsal view; 47. male genitalia, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 48–51. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) lushuicus sp. nov.. 48. head, frontal view; vertex, dorsal view; 49. male genitalia, dorsal view; 50. male genitalia, ventral view; 51. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 54–56. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) solidus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006). 54. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 55. male genitalia, dorsal view; 56. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Gorochov, Rampini & Cobolli, 2006)

FIGURES 57–58. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) latellai (Rampini, Di Russo & Cobolli, 2008). 57. male genitalia, dorsal view; 58. subgenital plate of female, ventral view. (modified from Rampini, Di Russo & Cobolli, 2008)

FIGURES 59–61. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) yueyangensis sp. nov.. 59. male genitalia, dorsal view; 60. male genitalia, ventral view; 61. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 62–63. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) latus (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 62. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 63. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 64–65. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) roundatus (Zhang & Liu, 2009). 64. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 65. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 66–67. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) zorzini (Rampini, Di Russo & Cobolli, 2008). 66. male genitalia, dorsal view; 67. subgenital plate of female, ventral view. (modified from Rampini, Di Russo & Cobolli, 2008)

FIGURES 68–71. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) borutzkyi (Gorochov, 1994). 68. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 69. male genitalia, dorsal view; 70. male genitalia, ventral view; 71. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 72–75. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) lii sp. nov.. 72. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 73. male genitalia, dorsal view; 74. male genitalia, ventral view; 75. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 76–77. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) coomani Chopard, 1929. 76. male genitalia, dorsal view; 77. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (76. modified from Gorochov & Storozhenko, 1992; 77. modified from Chopard, 1929)

FIGURES 78–80. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) dianxicus sp. nov.. 78. head, frontal view; 79. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 80. male genitalia, dorsal view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 81–84. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) cavernus (Jiao et al., 2008). 81. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 82. male genitalia, dorsal view; 83. male genitalia, ventral view; 84. subgenital plate of female, ventral view. (modified from Jiao et al., 2008)

FIGURES 85–87. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) bruneri Karny, 1934. 85. male genitalia, dorsal view; 86. male genitalia, ventral view; 87. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Gorochov, 1998)

FIGURES 88–91. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) pallidus sp. nov.. 88. head, dorsal view; 89. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 90. male genitalia, dorsal view; 91. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 92–93. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) sonlaensis (Gorochov, 1990). 92. male genitalia, dorsal view. 93. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (92. modified from Gorochov, 1990; 93. modified from Gorochov, 1998)

FIGURES 94–96. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) adelungi Chopard, 1921. 94. male genitalia, dorsal view; 95. epiphallus of male genitalia; 96. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Chopard, 1921)

FIGURES 97–99. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) nocturnus (Gorochov, 1992). 97. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 98. male genitalia, dorsal view; 99. subgenital plate of female, ventral view. (modified from Gorochov, 1992)

FIGURES 100–103. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) dispar sp. nov.. 100. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 101. male genitalia, dorsal view; 102. male genitalia, ventral view; 103. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 104–106. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) verus sp. nov.. 104. tarsus of hind leg, lateral view; 105. male genitalia, dorsal view; 106. male genitalia, ventral view. (scale=1mm)

FIGURES 108–109. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) longicaudus Karny, 1934. 108. male genitalia, dorsal view; 109. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Zhang & Liu, 2009)

FIGURES 111–112. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) sichuanus (Gorochov, 2010). 111. male genitalia, dorsal view; 112. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (modified from Gorochov, 2010)

FIGURES 114–116. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) vicinus sp. nov.. 114. head, frontal view; 115. male genitalia, dorsal view; 116. female subgenital plate, ventral view. (scale=1mm)