Thysananthus retusus subsp. retusus

Sukkharak, Phiangphak, 2015, A systematic monograph of the genus Thysananthus (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta), Phytotaxa 193 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

15a. Thysananthus retusus subsp. retusus

Lobules 0.2–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm, to 2 × longer than wide, 1/4–1/3 × lobe length. Figs. 28 , 29A, C–F, H–N .

Additional illustrations:— Hattori (1944, p. 95, Fig. 60; p. 96, Fig. 61 as Archilejeunea flavescens ); Mizutani (1961, p. 160, Fig. VIII. as Mastigolejeunea flavescens ); Thiers & Gradstein (1989, p. 70, Fig. 26 ; p. 68, Fig. 25 as Thysananthus australis ); Gradstein et al. (2002, p. 79, Fig. 50).

Distribution and ecology:— India (Uttarakhand), Southern Japan, Malesia, Australia (Queensland and New South Wales), and the Pacific region; there is a doubtful record from Mascarene Islands by Miller et al. (1983) (fide Thiers & Gradstein 1989), which may have been mislabeled or misidentified; 125–1700 m; on shaded stems of treelets and tree trunks in Eucalyptus -dominated grasslands, and in the understory of lowland rain forests and montane forests. Fig. 5L .

Representative specimens:— India. UTTARAKHAND: Mussoorie, September 1930, Chopra s.n., Hep. Sel. Crit. Verdoorn 260 ( JE) . Japan. KAGOSHIMA: type of Thysananthus flavescens ; a pass between Hanaze and Hekka, Mizutani 41481 ( U) , ibid., 11 May 1959, Mizutani s.n., Hep. Jap. Exs. Mizutani 628 ( BM, HIRO) . Thailand. NAKHON SI THAMMARAT: Mt. Khao Luang, Tagawa & Kitagawa T 4728, T4754, T5169, T5179, T5216, T5219 (G); Mt. Khao Nan Yai, Sukkharak 44, 291, 423 ( BCU) , ibid., San Yen, 19 February 2009, Chantanaorrapint s.n. ( PSU) , Sukkharak 733, 741, 743 ( BKF, GOET) . Indonesia. JAVA: Pantjar, December 1893, Schiffner s.n., Hep. Sel. Crit. Verdoorn 284 ( BM 2 packets, BR, C, G 2 packets, GOET, JE, PC, SING, U); Bogor, 1843, collector unknown (S); Mt. Gede-Pangrango National Park , Haerida 1H811 ( BZ) ; Geger Benteng, Noerta 1070 (L 2 packets). Philippines. BATAAN: Mt. Mariveles, Merrill 3984 ( BM) .— BENGUET: Baguio and vicinity, 19 May 1191, Robinson s.n. ( BM) .— DAVAO ORIENTAL: Aliwagwag falls , “Georges-Pahl” 86.P.12004 ( BR) .— PALAWAN: trail to Mt. Inang Baboy, Gruezo 5893 ( NICH) . Papua New Guinea. CENTRAL: Angabanga river, Streimann & Naoni 16121 ( JE) , Streimann & Naoni 16136 ( JE, LAE) .— MOROBE: Kunai Creek, Gradstein 3963 (G 2 packets, U 2 packets), 3980 ( U) ; Mt. Missim, Gradstein & Sipman 7929 (G), Gradstein 3833a ( U) ; Situm logging area, Streimann 41733 ( JE) ; Herzog Mts., Streimann & Umba 10923 ( JE, LAE) , 10834, 10994 (LAE); Busu-Butibum ridge, Streimann 22679 ( JE, LAE) .— EAST NEW BRITAIN: Nakanai Mts., Streimann 40492, 40547 ( JE) . Solomon Islands. GUADALCANAL: Mt. Gallego, Dennis 20025b ( JE, S); Mt. Popemanaseu , van Zanten 68–2545/b2 ( JE) .

Australia. NEW SOUTH WALES: type of Thysananthus australis ; Ballina, Watts 17 ( MEL, NSW) ; Protestors falls, Nightcap Range National Park , Renner 1492 ( NSW) ; Minyon falls, Nightcap Range National Park , 20 October 2009, Brown s.n. ( NSW) ; 6.6 km south-southwest of Alstonville, Victoria Park Nature Reserve , 21 October 2009, Brown s.n. ( NSW) ; Camden Haven State Forest , Streimann 38462 ( JE) .— QUEENSLAND: Big Tableland , Streimann 30895 ( JE, NICH) ; near Mt. Walker , Streimann 30989 ( JE) ; main coast range, Mary L.A., Streimann & Gray 27135 ( JE) ; Mossman Gorge National Park, Thiers & Halling 2560 ( MEL, U) ; Bellenden Ker National Park , Thiers 2395 (F, U) ; McDowell range north of the Daintree river , Hicks 11495 ( U) ; Birthday creek ( Townsville university experimental plot), Pócs & Streimann 9972/AQ ( GOET) ; Daintree National Park, Pócs & Streimann 9991/A (F, G); Tully Gorge, Renner 1808 ( NSW) ; Second stream ford, Cardwell State Forest , Renner 1653 ( NSW) ; Finch Hatton Gorge, Eungella National Park , Renner 1514, 1516, 1519 ( NSW) .

Vanuatu. Type of Brachiolejeunea grossivitta . Fiji. CAKAUDROVE: Mt. Uluigalau , Degelius P–223 ( JE, S), P–234/d (S).— RA: Navai, Hürlimann T 1019e, T1021b (G, U) , ibid., Mt. Victoria , Hürlimann T 1082a (G) . Samoa. UPOLU: without location, Schultze-Motel 3078 ( JE) , Rechinger 3272 ( BM) . American Samoa. TUTUILA: without location, Stevenson 14946, 14982 ( JE) .

Taxonomic notes:— This species is a small and rather fragile plant which differs from other species of the genus by (1) leaves widely spreading, loosely reflexed or plane when dry, (2) leaf cells subisodiametric with confluent trigones, and (3) vitta 4–6 cell rows wide. Thysananthus retusus varies in the length of the lobule tooth, which may be 1–6 cells long.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Thysananthus species. A. Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. B. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinwardt, Blume & Nees) Lindenb. C. Thysananthus convolutus Lindenb. D. Thysananthus mollis Steph., E. Thysananthus pancheri (Steph.) Hürl. F. Thysananthus anguiformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees G. Thysananthus comosus Lindenb. H. Thysananthus fruticosus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Schiffn. I. Thysananthus aculeatus Herzog. J. Thysananthus appendiculatus Steph. K. Thysananthus montanus Gradst., X.-L. He & Piippo. L. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. M. Thysananthus gottschei (Jack & Steph.) Steph. N. Thysananthus ciliaris comb. nov. O. Thysananthus discretus Sukkharak & Gradst.

FIGURE 25. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A. Portion of shoot, ventral view. B. Leaves, ventral view. C. Underleaves, ventral view. D. Female bracts, ventral view: a = appendage. E. Female bracteole, ventral view. F. Perianth, dorsal view: a = appendage. G. Perianth, ventral view, a = appendage. H. Leaf apex. I. Margin cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. L–N. Leaf lobule apices. O. Cross section of stem. (All the holotype).

FIGURE 26. Thysananthus mollis Steph. A–C. Portion of shoot, ventral view. D–F. Leaves, ventral view. G–I. Underleaves, ventral view. (A, D, G from Streimann & Bellamy 13049 (JE); B, E, H from Streimann 26631 (JE); C, F, I from Gradstein 3792 (GOET)).

FIGURE 28. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–C. Portions of shoot, ventral view. D. Leaves, ventral view. E. Underleaves, ventral view. F. Female bracts, ventral view. G. Female bracteole, ventral view. H. Perianth, dorsal view. I. Perianth, ventral view. J–L. Leaf apices. M. Margin cells of leaf lobe. N. Median cells of leaf lobe. O. Basal cells of leaf lobe, showing the vitta. P–Q. Leaf lobule apices. R. Cross section of stem. S. Oil bodies, non-vittate cells. T. Oil bodies, vittate cells. (A–R from the holotype; S–T from Sukkharak 733 (BKF, GOET)).

FIGURE 29. Thysananthus retusus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) B.M.Thiers & Gradst. A–E. Portion of shoot, ventral view. F–I. Leaves, ventral view. J–L. Underleaves, ventral view. M–N. Leaf lobule apices. (A, F, J, M from the holotype of T. australis; C, H, K, N from Gradstein 3963 (GOET); D from the holotype; E, I, L from Degelius 223 (JE).—T. retusus subsp. sellingii (Herzog) Sukkharak. B. Portion of shoot, ventral view. G. Leaves, ventral view. (All from the holotype).