Eucharitidae (Schoeninger, 2018)

Silva, Thiago S. R., Silva-Freitas, Juliana M. & Schoeninger, Karine, 2019, A synopsis of the Brazilian Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) fauna: an annotated checklist of the family in the country, with a revised key for the New World genera, Zootaxa 4564 (2), pp. 347-366 : 350-351

Key to the New World genera of Eucharitidae

(modified from Heraty 2002, 2006 and Torréns & Heraty 2013)

1 Prepectus separated from pronotum by a suture or a line ( Fig. 1 , str: suture). First gastral sternum with transverse sulcus delimiting small crescentic anterior region ( Fig. 2 , gsu: sulcus)............................ Orasema Cameron (Oraseminae)

- Prepectus fused to pronotum ( Fig. 3 ), sometimes with crenulate sulcus along line of fusion. First gastral sternum evenly rounded without a transverse sulcus ( Fig. 4 )........................................... 2 ( Eucharitinae , Eucharitini)

2(1) Mesoscutellum rounded or with a flattened flange ( Fig. 5 )..................................................... 3

- Mesoscutellum with prominent single or paired process at frenum (fp: frenal process) that is more than 1.5× as long as wide at the base ( Fig. 6 ) (small paired processes in Colocharis )....................................................... 7

3(2) Mesoscutellum projecting as a flattened flange that is about as long as wide ( Fig. 7 , indicated by a white arrow). Frenal line continuous with lateral margins of scutellar process............................................. Carletonia Heraty

- Mesoscutellum rounded ( Fig. 5 ) or slightly projecting as a sharp flange ( Fig. 8 ) or rounded bidentate lobe; frenal line distinctly above or below its lateral margins if a process is present....................................................... 4

4(3) Frenum rounded or with broad, emarginated flange........................................................... 5

- Frenum with short bifurcating spines ( Fig. 10 , frl: frenal line; fp: frenal process)................................... 6

5(4) Prepectus reaching tegula ( Fig. 9 , tgl: tegula). Scutum predominantly smooth. Funicular segments simple................................................................................................ Pseudometagea Ashmead

- Prepectus not reaching tegula ( Fig. 3 ). Scutum areolate. Funicular segments simple, serrate or pectinate in female; always pectinate in male..................................................................... Pseudochalcura Ashmead

6(4) Funicular segments of female serrate or lobate, segments of male pectinate ( Fig. 11 ). Hind tibia with one spur. Propodeal processes forming a ridge or long tapering spines; callus rugose.................................. Lophyrocera Cameron

- Funicular segments simple ( Fig. 12 ). Hind tibia with two spurs. Propodeal processes blunt; callus and process with strong laminate carinae, rarely rugose.................................................................... Obeza Heraty

7(2) Supraclypeal area bordered laterally by crenulate sulcus. Posterior marginal fringe of fore wing present. Frenal spines short and blunt (not more than 2‒3× as long as wide) ( Figs 6 , 13 ). Propodeal spiracle circular................ Colocharis Heraty

- Supraclypeal area without a crenulate sulcus. Posterior marginal fringe of fore wing usually absent. Frenal spines long, usually extending to apex of gaster or beyond ( Fig. 14 ). Ventral margin of propodeal spiracle slit-shaped....................... 8 8(7) Scutoscutellar sulcus filled with a dense patch of long, hook-tipped, golden hairs ( Fig. 15 , indicated by a white arrow). Frenal spines of female broad and flattened or cylindrical; male processes thin and cylindrical.............. Dilocantha Ashmead

- Scutoscutellar sulcus bare or at most with a few scattered hairs or setae ( Fig. 16 , indicated by a white arrow). Frenal spines with various shapes.................................................................................... 9

9(8) Frenal spines flattened, triangular or dome-shaped; scutellar processes forming a carapace over metasoma and narrowly separated medially ( Fig. 17 ), or cylindrical and broadly separated apically but with a broad, nearly contiguous base (male of Galearia )........................................................................................... 10

- Frenal spines cylindrical and broadly separated along their entire length ( Fig. 18 ).................................. 12

10(9) Eye flat and contiguous with margin of head. Head closely fitted with mesosoma. Frenal spines of female dome-shaped and broadly rounded over gaster, processes of male acute apically with a broad, nearly contiguous base ( Fig. 19 )...................................................................................................... Galearia Brullé

- Eye broadly rounded and slightly convex. Head loosely articulating with mesosoma. Frenal spines of both sexes flat or triangular ( Fig. 20 )......................................................................................... 11

11(10) Eyes bare. Funicle of female with 5 or 6 segments. Frenal spines dorsoventrally flat, subtruncate apically, and striate ( Fig. 2 1 ). Propodeum smooth, callus strongly produced posterodorsally as a sharp flange.................. Dicoelothorax Ashmead

- Eyes with erect setae. Funicle of female with 8 segments. Frenal spines triangular, acute apically, and longitudinally ribbed ( Fig. 22 ). Propodeum of female flat and carinated, callus indistinct............................. Thoracantha Latreille

12(9) Eyes medially tuberculate. Frons raised and hemispherical laterally to scrobes; frons finely reticulate or granulate ( Fig. 23 )........................................................................................... Isomerala Shipp

- Eyes broadly convex. Frons flat, rarely slightly raised; when raised, the frons is completely smooth ( Fig. 24 )............ 13

13(12) Funicle of female with 6 or 7 segments, basal segments pectinate and apical 2 or 3 segments fused into a distinct clava. Frenal spines cylindrical and smooth along most of their length ( Fig. 25 ).............................. Lasiokapala Ashmead

- Funicle of female with 5‒9 segments, either simple or serrate, and without a distinct clava. Frenal spines variously sculptured, but not smooth ( Fig. 26 )............................................................................... 14

14(13) Basal flagellomere in male more than 5× longer than wide, excluding branch. Scape long and reaching at least to top of median ocellus, but usually exceeding vertex. Eyes with erect bristles ( Fig. 27 ).......................................... 15

- Basal flagellomere of male transverse basally, never elongate. Scape not reaching top of median ocellus. Eyes with short setae ( Fig. 28 )............................................................................................ 16

15(14) Mesoscutellum broadly rounded without a distinct median depression. Head with transverse carina between median and lateral ocelli extending towards inner margin of eyes ( Fig. 29 , indicated by a white arrow)............. Neolirata Torréns & Heraty

- Mesoscutellum distinctly humped with a median longitudinal depression. Head without a transverse carina between median and lateral ocelli. ( Fig. 30 ).................................................................. Lirata Cameron

16(14) Face smooth except for fine reticulation around median ocellus. Head, excluding eyes, and body with long, erect bristles. Mesoscutellum smooth and shining dorsally ( Fig. 31 )........................................... .. Liratella Girault

- Face usually more evenly sculptured, rarely smooth. Head and body with short erect or semi-appressed setae. Mesoscutellum longitudinally ribbed dorsally ( Fig. 32 )................................................................... 17

17(16) Head covered with dense, fine, erect or decumbent setae. Female with 9 flagellomeres; basal flagellomere (Fl 2) 4‒7× longer than its basal width ( Fig. 33 ). Female with two medial incisions over posterior margin of first gastral tergite................................................................................................. Latina Koçak & Kemal

- Head surface with sparse setae. Female with 7 or 8 flagellomeres, rarely with 9; basal flagellomere less than 3× longer than its basal width ( Fig. 34 ). Female with one medial incision over the posterior margin of the first gastral tergite.............. 18

18(17) Labial palpi absent, maxillary palpi small and unsegmented or absent. Female with 5 short serrate funicular segments and a large clava. Male with flagellar branches short and thick. Axillular groove deep and curved medially ( Fig. 35 , indicated by a white arrow). Frenal spines thin and closely spaced......................................... Parakapala Gemignani

- Palpal formula 3/2 or 3/3. Female usually with 7 or 8 funicular segments. Male with flagellar branches long and thin. Axillular groove shallow and linear ( Fig. 36 ). Frenal spines long, robust and broadly spaced..................... Kapala Cameron

Figures

FIGURES 1‒6. Images of the main diagnostic traits of New World genera of Eucharitidae. 1, Prepectus (pre) separated from pronotum by a suture (str) (Orasema). 2, First gastral sternum with transverse sulcus (gsu) delimiting small crescentic area (Orasema). 3, Prepectus fused to pronotum (Pseudochalcura). 4, First gastral sternum evenly rounded without a transverse sulcus (Obeza). 5, Scutellum rounded (Pseudochalcura). 6, Scutellum with prominent paired process (fp) that is more than 1.5× as long as broad at base (Colocharis).

FIGURES 7‒12. Images of the main diagnostic traits of New World genera of Eucharitidae. 7, Mesoscutellum projecting as a flattened flange that is about as long as wide (Carletonia). 8, Mesoscutellum slightly projecting as a sharp flange (Pseudometagea). 9, Prepectus reaching tegula (Pseudometagea). 10, Frenum with short bifurcating spines (Obeza). 11, Funicular segments of male pectinate (Lophyrocera). 12, Funicular segments simple (Obeza).

FIGURES 13‒18. Images of the main diagnostic traits of New World genera of Eucharitidae. 13, Frenal spines short and blunt (not more than 2–3× as long as wide) (Colocharis). 14, Frenal spines long, usually extending to apex of gaster or beyond (Kapala). 15, Scutoscutellar sulcus filled with a dense patch of long, hook-tipped, golden hairs (Dilocantha). 16, Scutoscutellar sulcus bare or at most with a few scattered hairs or setae (Kapala). 17, Frenal spines flattened, triangular or dome-shaped; processes forming a carapace over the metasoma and narrowly separated medially (Dicoelothorax). 18, Frenal spines cylindrical and broadly separated along their entire length (Kapala).

FIGURES 19‒24. Images of the main diagnostic traits of New World genera of Eucharitidae. 19, Frenal spines of female dome-shaped and broadly rounded over gaster (Galearia). 20, Frenal spines of both sexes flat or triangular (Dicoelothorax). 21, Frenal spines dorsoventrally flat, subtruncate apically, and striate (Dicoelothorax). 22, Frenal spines triangular, acute apically, and longitudinally ribbed (Thoracantha). 23, Eyes medially tuberculate (Isomerala). 24, Eyes broadly convex (Kapala).

FIGURES 25‒30. Images of the main diagnostic traits of New World genera of Eucharitidae. 25, Frenal spines cylindrical and smooth along most of their length (Lasiokapala). 26, Frenal spines variously sculptured, but not smooth (Lirata). 27, Eyes with erect bristles (Lirata). 28, Eyes with short setae (Latina). 29,Transverse carina between median and lateral ocelli extending towards inner margin of eyes (Neolirata daguerrei). 30, Head without a transverse carina between median and lateral ocelli (Lirata striatissima).

FIGURES 31‒36. Images of the main diagnostic traits of New World genera of Eucharitidae. 31, Mesoscutellum smooth and shining dorsally (Liratella). 32, Mesoscutellum longitudinally ribbed dorsally (Kapala). 33, Basal flagellomere (Fl 2) 4–7× longer than its basal width (Latina). 34, Basal flagellomere less than 3× longer than its basal width (Kapala). 35, Axillular groove deep and curved medially (Parakapala). 36, Axillular groove shallow and linear (Kapala).