Bactrocera Macquart

David, K. J., Hancock, D. L., Singh, Shakti Kumar, Ramani, S., Behere, G. T. & Salini, S., 2017, New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India, Zootaxa 4272 (3), pp. 386-400 : 388-389

Key to Indian species of subgenus Bactrocera Macquart

1. Postsutural supra-alar seta present........................................................................ 2

- Postsutural supra-alar seta absent........................................................................ 36

2. Prescutellar acrostichal seta present....................................................................... 3

- Prescutellar acrostichal seta absent....................................................................... 34

3. Wing with faint costal band, subapical band fused with radial-medial band; scutellum with broad, black, basal, triangular marking (Andaman Islands)...................................................... .. B. albistrigata (de Meijere)

- Wing with prominent costal band from cell sc to wing apex or narrowed after vein R2+3 or discontinuous before expanding slightly towards apex................................................................................... 4

4. Costal band discontinuous beyond vein R2+3 with a break or very narrowly continuous before expanding towards apex...... 5

- Costal band continuous, of almost uniform width, sometimes with an apical expansion...............................8

5. Scutum reddish brown; face with two distinct black spots..................................... B. zonata (Saunders)

- Scutum black; face with spots coalescing to form a transverse line or separate black spots............................ 6

6. Face with separate black spots, tergites III–V wholly black.................................... B. tuberculata (Bezzi)

- Face with spots coalescing to form a transverse line; tergites III–V not entirely black................................ 7

7. Abdominal tergites III–V orange brown, tergites IV and V with narrow dark lateral margins; scutellum with a narrow black basal band............................................................................ B. correcta (Bezzi)

- Abdominal tergites III–V mostly black; scutellum with a broad black basal band.................. B. penecorrecta Drew

8. Fore, mid and hindfemur fulvous.........................................................................9

- All or at least forefemur with fuscous markings............................................................. 21

9. Scutum predominantly reddish brown or brown............................................................. 10

- Scutum predominantly black............................................................................ 16

10. Scutum with dark fuscous markings or mottled due to the attachment of muscles.................................. 11

- Scutum uniformly coloured, without fuscous markings........................................................13

11. Lateral postsutural vitta uniform in width and reaching intra-alar seta...........................................12

- Lateral postsutural vitta narrowed posteriorly and ending well before intra-alar seta............... B. paraosbeckiae Drew

12. Costal band confluent with R2+3 and narrow, not broadened apically; males attracted to methyl eugenol........................................................................................ B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White

- Costal band weakly overlapping R2+3 and broadened apically; males attracted to cue lure (Andaman Islands)........................................................................................... B. bhutaniae Drew & Romig

13. Scutellum with an apical black spot....................................................... .. B. versicolor (Bezzi)

- Scutellum without apical black spot...................................................................... 14

14. Abdominal tergites III–V black, large sized species (7.8‾ 8.3 mm)............................. B. aethriobasis (Hardy)

- Abdominal tergites III–V reddish brown, medium sized species (5‾ 6 mm)....................................... 15

15. Abdominal sternites pale orange-brown; aculeus tip acute with preapical steps or projections (Andaman Islands)....................................................................................... .. B. blairiae Drew and Romig

- Abdominal sternites fuscous to black; aculeus tip needle-like........................... B. rubigina (Wang and Zhao)

16. Lateral postsutural vitta broad (> 0.15 mm).................................................................17

- Lateral postsutural vitta narrow (<0.15 mm)............................................................... 18

17. Lateral postsutural vitta ending beyong intra-alar seta, ceromata black, epandrium with posterior lobe and anterior lobe of lat- eral surstylus fork shaped (lateral view) (Andaman Islands)........................... B. ranganathi Drew and Romig

- Lateral postsutural vitta ending before intra-alar seta, ceromata reddish brown, epandrium not as above, spicules of eversible membrane semicircular......................................................... B. syzygii White and Tsuruta

18. Scutum and pleural areas black, lateral postsutural vitta narrowed posteriorly; abdominal tergum III entirely dark fuscous to

black; males attracted to cue lure............................................. B. merapiensis Drew and Hancock - Scutum brownish to black, with area behind and beneath lateral postsutural vittae brown, lateral postsutural vitta of uniform width; abdominal tergum III never completely dark fuscous or black; males attracted to methyl eugenol................ 19

19. Costal band slightly overlapping vein R2+3.................................... B. verbascifoliae Drew and Hancock

- Costal band confluent with vein R2+3..................................................................... 20

20. Costal band not widening from the apex of R2+3 to extremity of wing; abominal tergites III–V reddish with a prominent T shaped mark (Andaman Islands) [some mainland specimens of B. invadens may also key here].......... B. dorsalis Hendel

- Costal band widening gradually from the apex of R2+3 to extremity of wing; abdominal tergites with dark markings on lateral regions....................................................................... .. B. paraverbascifoliae Drew

21. Scutum reddish brown................................................................................. 22

- Scutum black........................................................................................ 23

22. Costal band broad, confluent with vein R4+5, expanded into an apical spot; all femora with preapical markings (Andaman Islands)....................................................................... B. andamanensis (Kapoor)

- Costal band narrow, confluent with vein R2+3, not expanded into an apical spot; midfemur with preapical spot............................................................................................. B. psuedoversicolor Drew

23. Scutellum with an apical black spot................................................. B. apiconigroscutella Drew

- Scutellum without an apical black spot.................................................................... 24

24. Face entirely black................................................... B. nigrofemoralis White and Tsuruta

- Face with two black spots.............................................................................. 25

25. Lateral postsutural vitta ending at anterior supra-alar seta................................... B. neonigrotibialis Drew

- Lateral postsutural vitta extending beyond anterior supra-alar seta..............................................26

26. All femora with preapical dark spots (spots may be on various surfaces).........................................27

- Only forefemur/ only midfemur/ fore and hindfemur with preapical dark spots....................................30

27. Anepisternal stripe broad, almost reaching postpronotal lobe (Fig. 40); aculeus tip trilobed; males not attracted to any lures (breeds in Solanum spp.)................................................................ B. latifrons (Hendel)

- Anepisternal stripe not broad and not reaching postpronotal lobe; aculeus tip not trilobed............................ 28

28. Costal band narrow, confluent with R2+3................................................................... 29

- Costal band broad, confluent with R4+5 (Andaman Islands)................................... B. limbifera (Bezzi)

29. Aculeus tip acute, spicules of eversible membrane broad with 8–10 small projections............... B. caryeae (Kapoor)

- Aculeus tip bifid, spicules of eversible membrane conical shaped.................................. B. furcata sp. nov.

30. Only forefemur with preapical dark spot.................................................................. 31

- Fore and hindfemur with preapical dark spots............................................. B. neoarecae Drew

31. Costal band broadened towards apex and ends near the middle of cell r4+5........................................32

- Costal band of uniform width........................................................................... 33

32. Abdomen with a prominent T-shaped mark (Andaman Islands)...................... B. carambolae Drew and Hancock

- Abdomen with diffuse dark colour pattern (Andaman Islands)..................... B. melastomatos Drew and Hancock

33. Postpronotal lobe yellow; males respond to cue lure................................. .. B. vishnu Drew and Hancock

- Postpronotal lobe with dark red brown anteromedial corners; males respond to methyl eugenol.... B. amarambalensis Drew

34. Basal cells (bc and c) fuscous, costal band almost confluent with R4+5 slightly widening towards apex.......................................................................................... .. B. apicofuscans White and Tsuruta

- Basal cells (bc and c) clear; costal band overlapping R2+3 throughout its entire length but not confluent with R4+5......... 35

35. Wing with costal band broadened towards apex; males attracted to cue lure (Andaman Islands) [some specimens]....................................................................................... .. B. andamanensis (Kapoor)

- Wing with costal band either of uniform width or with a narrow section distal to the apex of R2+3 before expanding into a spot; males attracted to methyl eugenol........................................................... B. affinis (Hardy)

36. Scutum reddish brown; aculeus tip bifid.............................................. B. digressa Radhakrishnan

- Scutum black; females not known............................................... B. fastigata Tsuruta and White