Phytoliriomyza bifasciata Kato, 2022

Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna & Imada, Yume, 2022, Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts, ZooKeys 1133, pp. 1-164 : 1

29. Phytoliriomyza bifasciata Kato sp. nov.

Fig. 54

Material examined.

Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a349), Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref. (35.2768°N, 138.279°E, 1570 m asl), 26-V-2021 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 21-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32063. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a472, a473), same data as holotype, emerged on 11-16-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32064, 32065; 1♀ (MK-AG-a382), Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 6-VI-2021 (as larva on C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 15-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32066; 1♂ (MK-AG-542), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 17-XI-2014 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 26-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32067; 1♂ (MK-AG-a242), Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva on C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 6-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32068; 1♀ (MK-AG-a272), Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 24-II-2012 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 9-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32069; 1♀ (MK-AG-a274), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 5-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32070.

Other material.

Japan: On Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♂2♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 17-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-3-V-2014; 2♀, Otaki, Akiu, Taihaku, Sendai, Miyagi Pref., 14-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2014; 1♂, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2014; 2♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 3-5-V-2016; 1♂1♀, Mt. Hakusan, Hakusan, Ishikawa Pref., 3-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 24-31-V-2013.

On Conocephalum orientalis : 1♂1♀, Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 14-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20-24-V-2012; 1♀, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-V-2012; 1♂, Amagi-toge, Izu, Kaeda-keikoku, Kagamisu, Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref. Pref., 17-II-2009 (as larva), emerged on 26-III-2009; 3♂, Ashikubo, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 13-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-1-V-2012; 1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-IV-2011; 1♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2015; 1♂1♀, Shiibarui, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 5-20-V-2015; 1♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2010.

On Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♂1♀, Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-6-V-2010; 2♀, Mt. Toyoguchi, Ooshika, Shimo-ina, Nagano Pref., 30-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1-5-VI-2012; 1♀, Mt. Ishizuchi, Kuma-kogen, Ehime Pref., 4-V-2014 (as larva), emerged on 16-V-2014.

Diagnosis.

A large yellow species (wing length 2.2-2.3 mm) having a shiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of black stripes, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hypertrophied tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising three or four long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis and C. purpureorubrum .

Description.

Adult male.

Head: (Fig. 54A-E ) Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins. (Fig. 54C ). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 54B ). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 54C ). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 54B ). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax shiny. Scutum yellow with medial dark stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow pale brown supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider black intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural dark ovoid spots (Fig. 54D ). Scutellum yellow, subscutellum yellow with brown margin. Mediotergite brown, anatergite yellow with small brown spot near lower margin, and katatergite yellow (Fig. 54E ). Pleuron yellow with brownish patches on venter of katepisternum and meron (Fig. 54B ). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 54A ). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. 20-26 acrostichal setulae in four irregular rows (Fig. 54D ). Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 54A ). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 54E ). Genitalia: (Fig. 54G-J ) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-posterior margin with a dark ridge; inner-lateral surface with a flattened triangular tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising three or four basally fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part); inner-lateral margin with a row of three or four small tubercle-like setae (Fig. 54I ). Surstylus elongated, curved inwards; with a few short setae apically; with one stout tubercle-like seta subapically (Fig. 54I ). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of plate-like arms, the dorsal lobe of which is dark, hooked toward dorsum (Fig. 54I ). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 54G ). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically, cleft subapically (Fig. 54H ). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 54G ). Basiphallus with a pale broad, plate-like sclerite on left side (Fig. 54G ). Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites (Fig. 54H ). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 54H ). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; covered by a membrane bearing 7-9 pairs of minute oval lateral sclerites basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dark; constricted subdistally; with truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 54H ). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and short stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 54J ).

Female (Fig. 54F, M ). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 54K, L ) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 54K ). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 54L ). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 54L ). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 54K ).

Etymology.

The specific name (bifasciata = two stripes) refers to a pair of black stripes on the yellow scutum.

Japanese name.

Tsuyasuji-jagoke-hamoguribae.

Host plants.

Conocephalum salebrosum and C. orientalis ( Conocephalaceae ).

Mine.

Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 54O-Q ).

Biological notes.

The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by Quercus crispula , Fagus crenata and Aesculus turbinata (Fig. 54N ). It was sympatric with P. izayoi , P. luteola , and P. conocephali at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.

Distribution.

Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Fig. 55 ).

Remarks.

This species resembles P. dorsata , P. calcicola , P. argentifasciata , P. longifurcae , P. brunofasciata , and P. pallidofasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum; it is distinguished from all of them by the glossy scutum (subshiny in the other species) and by the dissimilarity of color between the outer and inner pairs of the stripes (color is similar between outer and inner pairs in the other species).

Figures

Figure 54. Phytoliriomyza bifasciata sp. nov. A-E holotype male A habitus B dorsal C frontal D dorsal E posterior F paratype female (MK-AG-a 272), dorsal G-J male genitalia G whole genitalia H phallic complex I epandrium J ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal K, L female postabdomen K oviscape and spermatheca L tergite 10 M live female fly at Hozaka N habitat at Hachimori O-Q mined thalli (O Conocephalum orientalis at Hachimori P C. salebrosum at Haccho-toge Q C. salebrosum at Akka).

Figure 55. Locality records of three Phytoliriomyza species associated with Conocephalum spp.: P. bifasciata, P. alpicola and P. lanternaria.