Parascombrops analis ( Katayama, 1957 )

Schwarzhans, Werner W. & Prokofiev, Artem M., 2017, Reappraisal of Synagrops Günther, 1887 with rehabilitation and revision of Parascombrops Alcock, 1889 including description of seven new species and two new genera (Perciformes: Acropomatidae), Zootaxa 4260 (1), pp. 1-74 : 27-31

Parascombrops analis ( Katayama, 1957)

Figs. 6H , 7A , 9A , 11B , 13A , 14F–G , 16 , 35 , Tables 2–7

Neoscombrops analis Katayama 1957: 153 , fig. 1 (holotype: NSMT [ex Katayama Fish Coll. 2447]; type-location off Owase, Mie Prefecture, Japan).

Synagrops analis: Mochizuki 1984: 125 ; Hatooka 2002: 686; Fricke et al. 2014: 57.

Material examined (18 specimens). AMS I.20919-038, 2 specimens, 91–107.5 mm SL, off Queensland, Australia, 11°58’S, 144°07’E, 400–420 m ; ASIZP 72163, 2 specimens, 62–82 mm SL, Dong-gang , southwestern Taiwan ; BSKU 50683, 70 mm SL, BSKU 73676, 51 mm SL, BSKU 94342, 74.5 mm SL, BSKU 94343, 74.5 mm SL, BSKU 94426, 63.5 mm SL, BSKU 94525, 82.5 mm SL, BSKU 101383, 29 mm SL, all Mimase fish market, Kochi, Japan ; MNHN 1998-1056, 3 specimens, 77–82 mm SL, off Vanuatu, 16°52’S, 168°10’E, 486–494 m ; MNHN 2011-0160, 43 mm SL, off Vanuatu, 15°52’S, 167°27’E, 944–956 m ; NSMT P59841, 2 specimens, 72.5 and 74 mm SL, Mimase fish market, Kochi, Japan ; NSMT P65718, 76.5 mm SL, off Honshu , Japan, 36°N, 148°E, 148– 167 m .

Diagnosis. Deep-bodied species with convex dorsal head profile. Anal fin III + 6 in specimens> 65 mm SL. Pectoral fin with 16–18 rays, pectoral length 21.5–27% SL. Gill rakers 15–18. Pseudobranchial filaments 16–23, increasing with size. First anal-fin pterygiophore long, slightly forward bent, with very broad tip and hollow. Ectopterygoid with single row of denticles. Orbit diameter 11.7–13.3% SL. Otolith compressed (OL:OH = 1.45–1.55).

Description. Counts and measurements are summarized in Tables 2–7. Snout rounded; interorbital space strongly convex. Posterior edge of maxillary more or less concave with postero-dorsal and postero-ventral angles sharp and postero-ventral angle somewhat extended downward, but positioned on the same level with posterodorsal angle resulting in an almost vertical posterior rim of the maxillary. Preopercular lobe without longitudinal ridges, but denticles of hind margin serration extending onto preopercular lobe; inner edge of preopercle with 2–5 long denticles not extending along ventral branch. Three anal-fin spines, second and third spines almost equal in length, but third spine always less stiff than second; in specimens <65 mm SL the third spine sometimes not completely ossified, weak or transitional from soft ray to spine and then not counted as spine. First anal fin pterygiophore long, curved, broadened at tip, hollow, reaching last pair of pleural ribs. First haemal spine with a narrow posterior expansion. Pelvic-fin spine serrated along its outer edge; all other fin spines smooth. About 28 scales along lateral line.

Dentition. Premaxillary with a pair of canines near symphysis, followed posteriorly by a wide band of tiny conical teeth. Dentary with a pair of canines and a band of minute conical teeth near symphysis, followed posteriorly by a row of several small conical teeth and three to four enlarged canine-like teeth on each side. Vomer with a triangular to V-shaped patch of small conical teeth, usually with one row of longer teeth at rear margin. Palatines with one row of sharp conical teeth anteriorly and two rows of granular teeth posteriorly; ectopterygoid with single row of denticles. Tongue toothless.

Otolith morphology (n = 7). Otolith compressed, thin; OL:OH = 1.45–1.55; OL:OT about 5–6. Dorsal rim moderately high, broad, rounded pre- and postdorsal angles of nearly equal height, postdorsal angle shifted far backwards. Ventral deep, regularly curved, deepest anterior of the middle. Anterior tip with massive, somewhat pointed rostrum; weak antirostrum and excisura. Posterior rim broadly rounded, its tip located slightly below tip of cauda. Rims smooth or slightly undulating. Inner face slightly convex with shallow, slightly supramedian sulcus. Ostium shallow, about twice as wide as cauda, oval in shape, with distinct colliculum, tip of rostrum being positioned above mid-level. Cauda slightly deepened, narrow, almost straight with very slightly swung, rounded tip. CaL:OsL = 1.1–1.2. Dorsal depression shallow, large, well marked above crista superior. Ventral furrow moderately distinct, anteriorly very close to anterior rim of otolith, posteriorly slightly turned upward from ventral otolith rim and terminating close to tip of cauda. Outer face slightly concave, smooth with few weak radial furrows near ventral rim.

Size. Attain about 110 mm SL.

Discussion. This species can be distinguished from all other species of Parascombrops by the presence of three (vs two) anal-fin spines (specimens> 65 mm SL). The development of the third anal-fin spine is a secondary transformation of the first soft ray with growth, as demonstrated by the reduced number of soft rays in adults (6). It also has the deepest body (27.9–33.8% SL) of all species, and a distinctly convex dorsal head profile together with P. madagascariensis n. sp. and P. yamanouei n. sp. Parascombrops analis can be distinguished from both species by the vomerine tooth patch which is wider and more intensely covered by granular teeth, by a single row of denticles on the ectopterygoid (vs 2–4), and the first anal-fin pterygiophore being very broad, with a widened tipped and hollow (vs moderately broad, without widened tip and hollow).

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Parascombrops analis has a disjunctive distribution in the northwestern Pacific off southern Japan, Taiwan and the northern Philippines and in the southwestern Pacific from the Coral Sea to Vanuatu, but is absent from the tropical low latitudes. Specimens examined have been caught in a wide depth range between 148 and 956 m.

Figures

FIGURE 6 A – H. Spine serrations in Parascombrops: A, C, serrated first dorsal fin spine (6 A = Parascombrops serratospinosus, AMS I. 22822 - 017, 72 mm SL; 6 C = Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL); B, serrated second dorsal fin spine (Parascombrops serratospinosus, AMS I. 22822 - 017, 72 mm SL); D, second dorsal fin spines smooth (Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL); E, serrated spine in pelvic fin (Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL); F, in anal fin spine serrated (Parascombrops serratospinosus, AMS I. 22822 - 0 17, 72 mm SL); G, anal fin with two spines, one unbranched soft ray and six branched soft rays (Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL); H, anal fin with three spines and six soft rays (Parascombrops analis, MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL).

FIGURE 7 A – Q. Head profiles of Parascombrops, Caraibops, Kaperangus, Synagrops and Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis. A, Parascombrops analis, MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus, ZMUC P 44272, 122 mm SL; C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., BMNH 1986.10. 9.79. 85, paratype, 4 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMBA-P 782, holotype, 166 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., BSKU 102255, holotype, SL 97 mm; G, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; H, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 98886, holotype, 57.5 mm SL; I, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 44428, 64.5 mm SL; J, Parascombrops philippinensis, ZMA 112.453 (paralectotype of P. malyanus), 52 mm SL; K, Parascombrops serratospinosus, CAS 238016, 67.5 mm SL; L, Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL; M, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 23097, paratype, 70 mm SL; N, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; O, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; P, Synagrops japonicus, ZMUC P 44324, 159 mm SL; 7 Q, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolpis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 9 A – H. Dentition on vomer, palatines and ectopterygoids: A, Parascombrops analis, AMS I. 20919 - 038, 107.5 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus (B 1 = view of mouth roof, BPBM 23829, 119 mm SL; B 2 = lateral close-up view of left palatine and ectopterygoid, MNHN 1998 - 1041, 92 mm SL); C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., AMS I. 21835 - 026, paratype, 72 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 1988 - 1443, paratype, 62 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMB-P 3887, paratype, 98 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., AMS I. 2449 - 008, paratype, 93.5 mm SL; G, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 99887, paratype, 58 mm SL; H, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 0 63370, paratype, 87 mm SL.

FIGURE 11 A – E. Preopercular serrations: A, inner and outer edges serrated, serrations of outer edge extending onto preopercle as radial crests (Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL); B, inner and outer edges serrated, serration of outer edge extending onto preopercle as radial crests, and small spike present at upper central portion (Parascombrops analis, MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL); C, inner and outer edges serrated, no serrations on preopercle, two ridges on central portion of preopercle (Parascombrops argyreus, BPBM 23839, 118 mm SL); D, inner and outer edges serrated, serrations of outer edge extending onto preopercle as radial crests, and one ridge on central portion of preopercle (Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 15221, paratype, 74 mm SL); E, inner and outer edges serrated, no serrations or ridges on preopercle (Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 1879.5. 14.167, lectotype, 70 mm SL). Right images show characters enhanced by drawing and annotation.

FIGURE 13 A – Q. Anal-fin pterygiophores and shape of large first anal-fin pterygiophore of genera Parascombrops, Caraibops, Kaperangus, Synagrops and of Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis. A, Parascombrops analis, BSKU 94343, 74.5 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus, AMS I. 42758 - 006, 120 mm SL; C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., USNM 436684, paratype, 73 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMBA-P 3887, paratype, 98 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., BSKU 102255, holotype, 97 mm SL; G, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; H, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 15219, paratype, 70 mm SL; I, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 44428, 65.5 mm SL; J, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 2016.9. 14.1, paralectotype, 64 mm SL; K, Parascombrops serratospinosus, CAS 238016, 67.5 mm SL; L, Parascombrops spinosus, MNHN 1989 - 0411, 82 mm SL; M, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 15571, paratype, 102 mm SL; N, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; O, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; P, Synagrops japonicus, MNHN 1998 - 0993, 84 mm SL; Q, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolpis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 14 A – Y. Otoliths (inner faces and representative ventral views): A – E, Parascombrops argyreus (14 A – B = MNHN 1998 - 1041, 14 C = ZMUC P 44272, 14 D – E = CAS 90647); F – G, Parascombrops analis (MNHN 1998 - 1056); H – I, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp. (NMMB-P 3887); J – N, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp. (14 J – K = NMMB-P 23095, 14 L = USNM 436684, 14 M – N = BMNH 1986.10.9.79); O – R, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp. (14 O = MNHN 1998 - 0993, 14 P = BSKU 102255, 14 Q – R = NMMB-P 23092); S – U, Parascombrops ohei n. sp. (14 S = BSKU 72614, 14 T – U = BSKU 116498); V – Y, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp. (14 V – W = BSKU 98883, 14 X – Y = BSKU 98886).

FIGURE 16 A – B. Parascombrops analis (Katayama, 1957); MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL.

FIGURE 35. Geographic distribution of Parascombrops analis, P. glossodon, P. madagascariensis and P. yamanouei. Large symbols indicate location of holotypes. One symbol may represent several samples.