Acanthaspis quinquespinosa ( Fabricius, 1781 )

Cao, Liangming, Rédei, Dávid, Li, Hu & Cai, Wanzhi, 2014, Revision of the genus Acanthaspis Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae) from China, with new records of species to adjacent countries, Zootaxa 3892 (1), pp. 1-66 : 48-52

Acanthaspis quinquespinosa ( Fabricius, 1781)

( Figs 170–182 , 219 , 220 )

Reduvius quinquespinosus Fabricius 1781: 382 ; Fabricius 1787: 313; Fabricius 1794: 206; Wolff 1800: 39.

Zelus quinquespinosus: Fabricius 1803: 286 .

Acanthaspis flavipes Stål 1855: 187 .

Acanthaspis quinquespinosa: Stål 1866: 241 ; Stål 1874: 72; Lethierry & Severin 1896: 105; Distant 1904: 257; Bergroth 1915: 178; Hsiao & Ren 1981: 455; Maldonado-Capriles 1990: 387; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996: 186.

Redescription. Colouration. Dark brown to black. Eyes and second antennal segment brown; ocelli light yellow; first antennal segment, rostrum, spots next to ocellar area, legs and abdomen reddish brown; humeral angles and

discal spines (including the area around them) of posterior pronotal lobe, base and subapical spots of corium, posterior half of connexival segments yellow; tarsi yellowish brown; size of light spots on pronotum and forewings shows intraspecific variability ( Figs 170 , 219 , 220 ), generally posterior pronotal lobe with four separated yellow spots, two discal ones smaller, sometimes two discal spots very small, in some individuals two discal spots each connected with lateral spots, even four spots may connected.

Structure. Medium sized. Rostrum and first antennal segment clothed with short setae; ventral side of head, pronotum, scutellum with brown setae; coxae and thochanters with dense short and long setae; femora and tibiae with yellow long setae; ventral abdomen with short golden shining setae. Head oblong, anteocular portion about two times as long as postocular; long longitudinal depression between eyes deep; mandibular plate between antennifers much higher than anteclypeus, apex right-angled, forming a breach together with base of anteclypeus; maxillary plate tumid and produced anteriad; base of gena rounded; transverse constriction anteriad to ocellar area wide and deep; postocular portion rounded; there is a shallow longitudinal depression between the large, rounded ocelli; first visible rostral segment slightly longer than second segment; first antennal segment shorter than head, cylindrical ( Figs 170 , 171 ). Collar processes prominent, anterior margin nearly straight; gyriform elevations of anterior lobe with fine wrinkles; posterior lobe flat in middle, then gradually declivous; humeral angles long, straight, sharp; discal portion with two long erect processes smaller than humeral processes, sometimes two discal processes tuberculate-shaped, even indistinct in some individuals. Scutellum flat in middle, wrinkled, apical spine long. Hemelytron of male reaching or surpassing, of female nearly reaching abdominal apex. Paramere clubshaped, apical portion right-angled curved, apical part without setae and slender, apex rounded or truncated ( Figs 176–178 ); pygophore without median process, slightly swollen, with two small processes laterally ( Figs 172–174 ); basal plate thick; basal plate bridge slender and long ( Fig. 175 ); pedicel thick, slightly shorter than basal plate; dorsal phallothecal sclerite V-shaped, laterally strongly sclerotized, apex convex; struts fused, reaching subapical portion of phallosoma; endosoma with a median asymmetrical sclerotized endosomal process, pointed at right side ( Figs 179–181 ). Female with visible eighth abdominal tergite narrow and broad, posterior margin nearly straight; ninth and tenth terga not completely fused, tenth tergite darker than ninth, the later flat; first valvifer narrow and broad, visible part of first valvula just reaching ninth tergite, apex blunt with dense setae; styloid visible from dorsal view, apex sharp.

Measurements [in mm, ♂ (n= 16) / ♀ (n= 21)]. Body length 15.2–20.5/16.5–21.2; maximum width of abdomen 4.5–6.5/4.6–6.7; Head length 2.4–2.9/2.5–3.4; length of anteocular part 1.2–1.4/1.62–1.8; length of postocular part 0.4–0.5/0.47–0.52; length of synthlipsis 0.94–1.0/0.89–0.91; interocellar space 0.18–0.2/ 0.15–0.172; length of antennal segments I–IV= 2.2–2.7/1.56–2.78, 3.4–4.92/3.7–4.2, 5.2–6.8/5.3–6.7, 2.1–2.4/ 2.3–2.6; length of visible rostral segments I–III= 1.31–1.43/1.33–1.41, 1.0–1.2/1.14–1.22, 0.6–0.67/0.64–0.65; length of anterior lobe of pronotum 1.4–1.9/1.5–2.1; length of posterior lobe of pronotum 1.85–2.1/2.2–2.7; maximum width of thorax 4.3–6.2/5.5; length of scutellum 2.2–2.7/2.13–2.71; length of hemelytron 10.5–13.3/ 10.3–13.2.

Type material. Syntype (s), from “ India orientalis” [= East Indies], BMNH. According to Zimsen (1964), the type specimens of this species are deposited in the BMNH .

Other materials examined. 1♂, “ China, Tibet, Metog” ( SEM) . 1♀, “ Nepal, Adhabar Terai Forest , 24.IV.1968, T. Kumata ” ( EIAU) . 1♂, “ India, Coimbatore , X.1971, Nathan” ( NMNST) . 1♀, 1♂, “ N. Khasia; 15.v.(19)03(?); (Chennell?)”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Ceylon (green)”; “534”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ N. Khasia, Brr; Wzorr (?); (Chennell(?))”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♂, 1♀, “ Bombay Leith ”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383”; “ quinquespinosa Fab. ” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Bvr (?) Ghal (hrsem(?))”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “Pegu” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Palon, ( Pegu ),; L. Fea; VIII-IX.(19)87” “235”; “Museo Civ. Genova”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ quinquespinosa Fabr ; Bombay, 520”; “520, presented by Walter Elliot Esq.”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa , Walker’s Catal” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Sikkim ”; “ Acanthaspis flavipes ” (BMNH) . 1♀, “ Assam ”; “Atkinson Coll. 02-6”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa ” (BMNH) . 1♂, “ Sikkim ”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “Lchor-daga (?)” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “S. India, Bombay”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Ceylon, Tangalla ; 4.1902”; “1049”; “Distant Coll. 1911-383” ( BMNH) . 3♂, “ Khasia Hills , 96-135”; “upper pink label without word”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . 2♀, 4♂, “ Khasia Hills , 96-135”; “yellow label without word”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Khasia Hills , 96-135”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . 2ex [abdomen missing, sex unknown], “ Khasia Hills , 96-135”; “yellow label without word”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . “ India, Karnataka, Hebbal Bangalore ; 03.X.1981; Rama H. N. Coll. ”; “ Acanthaspis xerampilina Dist. ”; “7” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ India, Karnataka, Bangalore, Gkvk (?), 916 m; 03.II.1996; A. J. Hloz Coll. ”; “ Acanthaspis vincta Dist. ”; “8” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Berhampur ”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ India; Harwood Coll., B. M. 1945-120” ( BMNH) . 2♂, “ South India; V. Campbell Coll., B. M. 1930-599” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ South India; V. Campbell Coll., B. M. 1930-599”; “1984; A. quinquespinosa, CB, S. India; T. V. Campbell ” ( BMNH) . 1ex [abdomen missing, sex unknown], “ Assam ”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ India, Bandra; Dr. Jayakar; 1905-152” ( BMNH) . 2♀, “ South India, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli ”; “ vii.1988; D. Ambrose ” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “CB”; “ South India; T. V. Campbell Coll.; B. M. 1930-599” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Bangalore , Mysore; June 94” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Mysore ; H. K. Slater, 1901-182” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “N. India ”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa ; Walker’s Catal” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ E. In [eastern India]/ 58, 60”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa ; Walker’s Catal” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ E. In [eastern India]/ 58, 60”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa ; Walker’s Catal”; “ Acanthaspis 6= guttata A. H.; Acanthaspis 4= guttata Fab.; Mus: Banks (?)” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Assam, W. F. Badgley; 1906-185”; “34”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa Fabr. ; M. L. Cook det. 1974” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “pink label without word” ( BMNH) .

Distribution in China. Tibet (Metog) ( Fig. 182 ).

Distribution outside China. India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka.

Remarks. China (1940) listed this species from China without any further detail. Hoffmann (1944) recorded it from Hainan Island; however, the specimen (“Loh-fung-tung, Yai Dist.; Feb. 27–28, 1935; F. K. To.”; “ Acanthaspis quinquespinosa, Hoffmann det.” currently deposited at Entomological Museum of Sun Yat-Sen University), on which he based, is actually Acanthaspis geniculata Hsiao. We considered the record of this species in Hainan as improbable.

There are another two species ( A. angularis Stål and A. flavipes Stål ) with the similar colour pattern of A. quinquespinosa , but their male genitalia are different. Acanthaspis quinquespinosa is a common species and well illustrated by Distant (1904).

Figures

FIGURE 170. Acanthaspis quinquespinosa (Fabricius), ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 2.86 mm.

FIGURES 171–181. Acanthaspis quinquespinosa (Fabricius), ♂. 171, Head and pronotum, antennae removed; 172, median pygophore process; 173, 174, pygophore; 175, basal plate and basal plate bridge; 176–178, paramere; 179–181, phallus. 171, 174, 181, lateral view; 173, 179, ventral view; 172, caudal view; 175, 180, dorsal view. Scale bar of 171= 1.67 mm; of 172–174 = 1.00 mm; of 175–181 = 0.50 mm.

FIGURE 182. Distribution of Acanthaspis quinquespinosa (Fabricius) in China.

FIGURES 216–219. 216, Acanthaspis melanota sp. nov. ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.86 mm; 217, Acanthaspis octoguttata sp. nov. ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 4.01 mm; 218, Acanthaspis picta Hsiao, ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 4.02 mm; 219, Acanthaspis quinquespinosa (Fabricius), ♀. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.75 mm.

FIGURES 220–223. 220, Acanthaspis quinquespinosa (Fabricius), ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.90 mm; 221, Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao, ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.90 mm; 222, Acanthaspis westermanni Reuter, ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 2.44 mm; 223, Acanthaspis westermanni Reuter, ♀. Habitus. Scale bar = 2.65 mm.