Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao, 1976

Cao, Liangming, Rédei, Dávid, Li, Hu & Cai, Wanzhi, 2014, Revision of the genus Acanthaspis Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae) from China, with new records of species to adjacent countries, Zootaxa 3892 (1), pp. 1-66 : 52-55

Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao, 1976

( Figs 183–194, 221 )

Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao 1976: 82 ; Hsiao & Ren 1981: 457; Ren 1987: 218; Maldonado-Capriles 1990: 388; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996: 187.

Redescription. Colouration. Red. Antennae (except base of first antennal segment) brown to black; eyes, three longitudinal markings on anterior portion of posterior pronotal lobe, scutellum (except apical spine), forewing (except base of clavus and corium, anterior margin and a transverse spot of corium) black; most thoracic pleuron and lateral margins of abdomen ventrally dark brown; apical portion of tibia, tarsus yellowish brown; ocelli yellow ( Figs 183, 221 ). Mostly each femur with apical 1/4 paler, sometimes femora may totally reddish or blackish. Color patterns of posterior pronotal lobe changeable, generally with three separated longitudinal black markings extending beyond half of posterior pronotal length, sometimes black markings smaller, nearly rounded, and shorter than half of posterior pronotal length, sometimes black marking reaching posterior pronotal margin

Structure. Medium sized. Body clothed with short and long setae; coxae and thochanters with dense thin setae; dorsum of head, first antennal segment and pedicel, and pronotum with brown short setae; femora, tibiae and abdominal apex ventrally with yellowish brown short and long setae. Head oblong, eyes small, anteocular portion as long as postocular; with interocular longitudinal depression deep and shallow in the middle; mandibular plates between antennifers higher than anteclypeus, apex right-angled; maxillary plates rounded, a little prominent; postocular portion rounded, transverse constriction wide and much deep, in dorsal view ocellar area covers mid part of this constriction; ocelli big, interocellar space half of its diameter; first visible rostral segment distinctly longer than second segment ( Figs 183, 184 ). Collar processes small, tuberculiform; anterior pronotal lobe shorter than wrinkled posterior lobe, with deep sculptures; humeral angles cone-shaped, recurved; disk unarmed; median posterior margin swollen, slightly concave. Scutellum triangular, flattened basally, concave discally, apical spine long and sharp ( Fig. 183). Hemelytron of male and female surpassing abdominal apex. Sixth abdominal sternum very short, seventh long along midline. Pygophore large, median process of pygophore long and spinous, laterally with two processes ( Figs 185–187 ); paramere large, irregular ( Figs 188–190 ); basal plate thick, basal plate bridge slender; pedicel very thick; apical and lateral portion of phallotheca sclerotized; struts fused, thick, reaching subapical portion of phallosoma; endosoma with two small lateral processes ( Figs 191–193 ). Female with visible eighth abdominal tergite big and broad, posterior margin nearly straight; ninth and tenth tergites separated, ninth tergite laterally developed and triangular, protruding backward, center deeply concave, obviously separated with lateral sides; tenth tergite swollen; first valvifer narrow and broad, visible part of first valvula just reaching half styloid, apex blunt with dense setae; styloid visible from dorsal view as half of tenth tergite, apex sharp.

Measurements [in mm, ♂ (n=1) / ♀ (n=1)]. Body length 20.5/19.5; maximum width of abdomen 6.1/6.2; head length 3.1/3.0; length of anteocular part 1.3/1.25; length of postocular part 1.3/1.2; length of synthlipsis 0.9/0.9; interocellar space 0.2/0.2; length of antennal segments I–IV= 2.2/2.5, 4.7/4.4, 4.6/4.5, 2.9/3.0; length of visible rostral segments I–III= 1.9/1.8, 1.5/1.3, 0.5/0.6; length of anterior lobe of pronotum 1.65/1.55; length of posterior lobe of pronotum 2.6/2.35; maximum width of thorax 5.3/6.3; length of scutellum 2.3/2.1; length of hemelytron 12.5/12.6.

Type material. Holotype, ♀, “ China, Yunnan, Hekou , 6.VI.1956, 80 m, Huang Keren [rectangular white]”; “ Acanthaspis picta Hsiao , holotype, det. Hsiao T. Y., 1965 [rectangular red]”; “IOZ200812 [rectangular blue]” ( IOZ) . Allotype, ♂, “ China, Yunnan, Cheli, 8.IV. 1955, 500 m, Kryzhanovsky”; “IOZ200813” ( IOZ). Paratypes, 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Ganlanba, 18.IV. 1957, 540 m, Hong Guangji”; “IOZ200814” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xiaomengyang, 5.V. 1957, 940 m, Liu Dahua”; “IOZ200815” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Ganlanba, 22.III. 1957, 540 m, Liu Dahua leg ( IOZ200816 ” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Cheli, 8.IV. 1955, 500 m, Kryzhanovsky ”; “IOZ200817” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Ganlanba , 14.III. 1957, 650 m, Liang Qiuzhen ”; “IOZ200818” ( IOZ). 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengla , 29.V.1959, 620– 700 m, Li Xiaofu ”; “IOZ200819” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Xiaomengyang , 20.X.1958, Wang Shuyong ”; “IOZ200820” ( IOZ). 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Xiaomengyang , 9.VI.1957, Wang Shuyong ”; “IOZ200821” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengla , 9.VII.1959, 620– 650 m, Li Xiaofu ”; “IOZ200822” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengla , 27.V.1959, 620– 650 m, Li Xiaofu ”; “ ( IOZ200823 ” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengxin , 27.VI. 1959, 550 m, Zhang Yiran ”; “IOZ200824” ( IOZ). 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengla , 20.V.1959, 620– 650 m, Pu Fuji ”; “IOZ200825” ( IOZ).

Other specimens examined. 1 ♂, “ China, Yunnan, Yaoqu , 5.VI. 2006, 800 m, Cui Jianxin ” ( CAU). 1 ♀, “ China, Yunnan, Menglun , 3.V.2006, Zhang Junhua ” ( CAU). 1 ♂, “ China, Yunnan, Mengla , 6.V. 1991, 650 m, Cai Wanzhi ” ( CAU). 1 ♂, “ China, Yunnan, Banna, Menglun , 21.IV.2007, N21°55′21″, E101°15′21″, 800 m, Cao Liangming ” ( CAU) . 2♀, “ Luang Prabang, Muong You ; 13.XI.1917; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Luang Prabang, Ban Houei Ngai ; 8.III.1918; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “Indo- China; R. V. de Salvaza, 1918-1”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♀, 1♂, “ Luang Prabang, Ban Thao Phan ; 11.III.1918; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “Indo-China; R. V. de Salvaza, 1918-1”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Luang Prabang, Pan Houei Ket ; 17.III.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “Indo-China; R. V. de Salvaza, 1920-280”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Luang Prabang, Ban Na Gana; 24.III.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “Indo-China; R. V. de Salvaza, 1920-280”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Luang Prabang, Ban Na Gana; 24.III.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 2♀, “ Luang Prabang, Muong You ; 25.V.1919; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Laos, Pakiung ; 21.V.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1ex [abdomen missing, sex unknown], “ Laos, Muong Om ; 19.I.1919; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Laos, Tatham ; Sept.1915; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Chatabon ; S. S. Flower; 99-248”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Siam, Sen Kam ; 28–29.IV.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “Indo-China; R. V. de Salvaza, 1920-280”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Mekong River, Pak Kop ; 7.V.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Mekong River, Tanoun ; 28.V.1920; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Tonkin, Hoabinh ; Oct.1916; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Tonkin, Hoabinh [= Hòa Bình Province]; Jan.1917; R. V. de Salvaza ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♀, “ Indo-China , Tonkin, R. V. de Salvaza; 1917-98”; “Nimrian (?); 29.Mar (?).19y (?); “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai, 2014” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Tauey (?)”; “ Distant Coll. 1911-383”; “ gulo Stål ”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai ” ( BMNH) . 1♂, “ Siam ”; “ Saunders , 65-13”; “ Acanthaspis gulo , Walker’s Catal”; “ Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao ; Det. W. Cai ” ( BMNH) .

Distribution in China. Yunnan (Ruili, Lancang, Yuanyang, Hekou, Xiaomengyang, Jinghong, Mengla, Mengxin), Guangxi (Luzhai, Napo) ( Fig. 194 ).

Distribution outside China. Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.

Remarks. This species is similar to the common southeastern Asian A. gulo Stål in similar body plan, colour patterns and genitalia; but it can be distinguished from the latter being slightly larger, having three markings on posterior pronotal lobe mostly separated, base of clavus reddish, discal area of posterior pronotal lobe unarmed, female ninth tergite laterally with two sharp processes, paramere much wider (vs. body slightly smaller, markings on posterior pronotal lobe mostly connected, base of clavus dark brown to black, most of posterior pronotal lobe with two discal tuberculates, female ninth tergite laterally rounded, paramere much thinner in A. gulo ).

Figures

FIGURE 194. Distribution of Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao in China.

FIGURES 220–223. 220, Acanthaspis quinquespinosa (Fabricius), ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.90 mm; 221, Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao, ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.90 mm; 222, Acanthaspis westermanni Reuter, ♂. Habitus. Scale bar = 2.44 mm; 223, Acanthaspis westermanni Reuter, ♀. Habitus. Scale bar = 2.65 mm.

FIGURES 184–193. Acanthaspis ruficeps Hsiao, ♂. 184, Head and pronotum, antennae removed; 185, 186, pygophore; 187, median pygophore process; 188–190, paramere; 191–193, phallus. 184, 185, 193, lateral view; 186, 191, ventral view; 184, caudal view; 192, dorsal view. Scale bar of 184 = 1.33 mm; of 185–187 = 1.60 mm; of 188–190 = 1.00 mm; of 191–193 = 0.80 mm.