Salicarus Kerzhner, 1962

Konstantinov, Fedor V., 2023, Plant bugs with swollen antennae: a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Heterocapillus Wagner, 1960 and related genera (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 845-879 : 845

5.11. Salicarus Kerzhner, 1962

Figs 3G, H, K, L , 4I, J , 5D, E, M, N , 6A, H , 7F, H, K , 9Q-T , 11C , 12C-F

Salicarus Kerzhner, 1962: 381.

Sthenarus ( Salicarius [sic!]): Wagner 1975: 99.

Salicarus : Putshkov 1977: 370.

Type species.

By original designation: Capsus roseri Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838.

Diagnosis.

Body broadly oval, with short appendages (Fig. 3G, H, K, L , 4I, J ); head vertical, clypeus barely visible in dorsal view, posterior margin of vertex carinate (Fig. 5D, E ) or posteriorly attenuate (Fig. 5M, N ); dorsum and/or thoracic pleura clothed with scalelike setae and simple setae (Fig. 6A , 7B, F ); parempodium apically spatulate; pulvillum small, not reaching midpoint of claw (Fig. 7H ); vesica large, strongly coiled at middle, apically with two long and thin, gradually tapering blades tightly fused along almost entire length (Fig. 9Q-T ); secondary gonopore large, located close to middle of vesica, equipped with gonopore sclerite; vestibulum of bursa copulatrix S-shaped, contrastingly long and thin (Fig. 12C-F ).

Despite some habitual distinctions, the genus Salicarus in its present concept contains ten species united by the pretarsal structure, male and female genitalia. Most species of the group utilize different Fabaceae ( Genista , Caragana , Halimodendron , Calicotome spp.) as hosts, although Salix spp. were documented for S. concinnus , S. roseri , and S. urnammu . The genus appears to be most closely related to Phoenicocoris due to the similar pattern of vestiture, the presence of minute spicules on dorsoapical surface of the hind femur, the apically spatulate parempodia, and the tightly coiled, apically bifid vesica with gonopore sclerite. However, Phoenicocoris spp. differ from Salicarus in having rounded posterior margin of vertex, larger pulvillum reaching half-length of claw, smaller and more tightly coiled vesica with apically bifurcating blades ( Schwartz and Stonedahl 2004: figs 23, 24), and S-shaped, but thick and short vestibulum of the bursa copulatrix. Refer to Schwartz and Stonedahl (2004) for additional discussion.

Species composition.

Salicarus cavinotum (Wagner, 1973) comb. nov. - Rhodes, Greece.

Salicarus concinnus Putshkov, 1977 - Mountains of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.

Salicarus fulvicornis (Jakovlev, 1889) - Mongolia, Altai, Buryatia, Zabaikalsky Terr. (South Siberia, Russia), Inner Mongolia (China).

Salicarus genistae (Lindberg, 1948) comb. nov. - Cyprus, Turkey.

Salicarus halimodendri Putshkov, 1977 - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia.

Salicarus nitidus ( Horváth, 1905) comb. nov. - Spain, Corsica, Sardinia.

Salicarus perpusillus (Wagner, 1960) comb. nov. - Spain, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Crete.

Salicarus qiliananus (Zheng, 1996) - Gansu (NW China).

Salicarus roseri (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) - Transeurasian species, widely distributed from Western Europe to Kamchatka except high north but absent in North Africa and Middle East, spanning south to Northern Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia.

Salicarus urnammu Linnavuori, 1984 - Iraq, Armenia, Iran.

Figures

Figure 3. Dorsal habitus of species included in the phylogenetic analysis. A Atractotomus amygdali ♂; B A. rhodani ♂; C A. magnicornis ♂; D A. magnicornis ♀; E Mesopsallus mali ♂; F M. mali ♀; G Salicarus genistae ♂; H S. genistae ♀; I Heterocapillus tigripes ♂; J H. tigripes ♀; K Salicarus cavinotum ♂; L S. cavinotum ♀; M Mesopsallus pici ♀; N Mesopsallius ambiguus ♂; O Atractotomus parvulus, holotype ♀; P Atractotomus parvulus ♂, a specimen described as a male of Heterocapillus schmiedeknechti (Wagner 1973 a). Scale bar in A valid for all pictures.

Figure 4. Dorsal habitus of species included in the phylogenetic analysis. A Criocoris crassicornis ♂; B C. crassicornis ♀; C Excentricoris pictipes ♂; D Abietocapsus dissimilis ♂; E Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis ♂; F Lobicris basalis ♂; G L. basalis ♀; H Zophocnemis bicolor ♂; I Salicarus fulvicornis ♂; J S. fulvicornis ♀; K Campylomma atlanticum ♂, holotype; L Campylomma pusillum ♂.

Figure 5. Head and pronotum in dorsal view. A Campylomma pusillum ♂; B Campylomma atlanticum ♂; C Lobicris basalis ♀; D Salicarus roseri ♀; E S. roseri ♂; F Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis ♂; G P. (P.) validicornis ♀; H Heterocapillus tigripes ♂; I H. tigripes ♀; J Mesopsallus amygdali ♂; K M. amygdali ♀; L Mesopsallus pici ♀; M Salicarus nitidus ♂; N S. nitidus ♀; O Abietocapsus dissimilis ♂; P A. dissimilis ♀.

Figure 6. Vestiture. A - F Hemelytron in dorsal view: A Salicarus halimodendri ♂; B Abietocapsus dissimilis ♂; C Heterocapillus genistae ♀; D Mesopsallus ambiguus ♂; E Mesopsallus mali ♂; F Mesopsallus pici ♀. G - H Head and pronotum in lateral view: G Heterocapillus tigripes ♂; H Salicarus perpusillus ♂.

Figure. 7. SEM images of selected structures. A Mesopsallus ambiguus, head and pronotum in lateral view ♂; B Salicarus roseri, head and pronotum in lateral view ♂; C Mesopsallus ambiguus, head in lateral view ♂; D Mesopsallus ambiguus, abdomen in lateral view ♂; E Mesopsallus ambiguus, vestiture of hemelytron ♂; F Salicarus fulvicornis, vestiture of hemelytron ♂; G Mesopsallus ambiguus, metathoracic pretarsus in lateral view ♂; H Salicarus fulvicornis, metathoracic claw in lateral view ♂; I Mesopsallus mali, metathoracic pretarsus in lateral view ♀; J Lobicris basalis, metathoracic preatrsus in lateral view ♂; K Salicarus roseri, metathoracic pretarsus in lateral view ♀; L Heterocapillus tigripes, metathoracic pretarsus in ventral view ♂.

Figure 9. Male genitalia. A - E Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis, vesica: A apex of vesica in lateral view, magnified, B - C: vesica in ventral and lateral views. D, E: holotype of P. (Psallus P.) Psallus niger, vesica in ventral and lateral views. F - N: vesica of Mesopsallus spp: F M. ambiguus; G - H M. mali in lateral and ventral views; I, J M. rhodani in left and right lateral views; K, L M. pici in lateral and ventral views; M, N M. amygdali in lateral and ventral views. O, P Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis, holotype of P. niger: O right paramere, P apex of phallotheca. Q - T Salicarus spp., vesica in lateral view: Q S. cavinotum; R S. nitidus; S S. genistae; T S. perpusillus.

Figure 11. Female genitalia. A, B Abietocapsus dissimilis: A dorsal labiate plate; B vestibulum. C Campylomma pusillum, vestibulum. D - F Heterocapillus tigripes: D dorsal labiate plate; E posterior wall; F vestibulum. G - I Lobicris basalis: G dorsal labiate plate; H posterior wall; I vestibulum.

Figure 12. Female genitalia. A Mesopsallus ambiguus, vestibulum. B Psallus (Phylidea) validicornis, dorsal labiate plate. C Salicarus genistae, vestibulum. D-F Salicarus roseri: D dorsal labiate plate; E sclerotized ring, magnified; F vestibulum.