Uenoidae, Iwata, 1927

Karaouzas, Ioannis, Zawal, Andrzej, Michoński, Grzegorz & Pešić, Vladimir, 2019, Contribution to the knowledge of the caddisfly fauna of Montenegro - New data and records from the karstic springs of Lake Skadar basin, Ecologica Montenegrina 22, pp. 34-39 : 38

Family Uenoidae

Thremma anomalum McLachlan, 1876

KIA 18(B), spring “Vukovo Vrelo” in Vidrovan: 04.VI.2018, 4 fifth instar larvae. Confirmed record for Montenegro where it was considered absent. Recent research in western Serbia and northern Montenegro has shown no trace of this species, in spite of its previous presence and that its area boundary in Serbia has moved from the Drina river (as the western boundary) to the Lisinski Brook - Grza River line, i.e. about 100 km eastwards ( Ţivić et al. 2013). Macrozoobenthos research within Serbian watercourses between 1989 and 2010 suggested a shift of the western boundary of its distribution. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the species was found in only one of ten former localities, implying that the species might entirely vanish from zoographic region 5 in the near future ( Ţivić et al. 2013). The finding of T. anomalum in this study confirms its presence in Montenegro; however more research is needed in the region to confirm the findings of Ţivić et al. (2013).

Faunistic surveys and records based on larvae are not frequently used or recommended, due to inability and uncertainty of identification to the species level in some cases ( Waringer & Graf, 2011). However, we considered the current data as an important contribution to the knowledge of caddisfly fauna of Montenegro and it was proven that in some cases faunistic data based on larvae can be useful (e.g. Previšić et al. 2013). Nevertheless, future caddisfly surveys in the region, preferably based on adult material, will contribute significantly to the Trichoptera fauna of Montenegro. In addition, molecular analysis (DNA barcoding) will increase the knowledge of the species present in the area, where the caddisfly fauna is partially known. During this investigation, fourteen Trichoptera species were found; three being new records for Montenegro ( Brachycentrus subnubilus , Lepidostoma hirtum , Triaenodes ochreellus lefkas ) and one being a confirmed record of a previously thought lost species ( Thremma anomalum ). This investigation with several first records is a result of a few days collecting effort in Montenegro and shows that the country is still underinvestigated.