Muscidae

Couri, Marcia S., Pont, Adrian C. & Daugeron, Christophe, 2010, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Vanuatu, Zootaxa 2556 (1), pp. 1-39 : 5-7

Key to the genera and species of Muscidae from Vanuatu

1. Anepimeron partly setulose ......................................................................................................................................... 2

1'. Anepimeron bare.......................................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Lower calypter broad, truncate posteriorly; vein M with an angular forward bend towards vein R 4+5; dorsocentral setae 2+4; 3 species ............................................................................................................................. Musca Linnaeus A. Proepisternal depression always with hairs ................................................................... Musca domestica Linnaeus A'. Proepisternal depression bare................................................................................................................................ B B. Scutum bluish with grey pollinosity, with two narrow black presutural vittae; abdomen mostly orange-yellow .... ................................................................................................................................... Musca ventrosa Wiedemann B'. Scutum not bluish with grey pollinosity, with four black presutural vittae that fuse into two broad black postsutural vittae; abdomen at least partially dark ........................................................................... Musca vetustissima Walker

2'. Lower calypter narrow, tongue-like; vein M without an angular forward bend towards vein R 4+5; dorsocentral setae 2+4 or different ............................................................................................................................................................. 3

3. Parafacial with one or more irregular rows of fine hairs for most or all of its length; palpus moderately to strongly enlarged in apical part; prosternum bare; 3 species ................................................................................. Lispe Latreille A. Vein M rather curved forward towards vein R 4+ 5 in its apical part ................................ Lispe assimilis Wiedemann A'. Veins M and R 4+5 subparallel at apex...........................................................................................................................B B. Abdomen largely brown with very small silver pollinose lateral areas on tergites; postpedicel short, at most twice as long as pedicel ......................................................................................................................... Lispe nicobarensis Schiner B'. Abdomen not largely brown, with silver pollinose areas larger; postpedicel long, a little more than 3 times as long as pedicel .................................................................................................................................... Lispe fuscipalpis Malloch

3'. Parafacial bare; palpus slender or very slightly broadened in apical part; prosternum setulose; 3 species ................... ................................................................................................................................................... Dichaetomyia Malloch A. Scutellum with lateral and sometimes also ventral setulae; scutum dark brown with grey pollinosity, yellow only laterally ................................................................................................................... Dichaetomyia quadrata (Wiedemann) A'. Scutellum bare on lateral and ventral surfaces; scutum not coloured as above ......................................................... B B. Scutum wholly yellow, without dark vittae .................................................................. Dichaetomyia vicaria (Walker) B'. Scutum yellow, with a median brown vittae that becomes broader towards scutellum ............................................... ...................................................................................................................................... Dichaetomyia univittata , sp. nov.

4. Wing with the subcosta running in a smooth even curve from humeral cross-vein to costa; body colour metallic black; gena with a strong differentiated upcurved seta anteriorly; female ocellar triangle shining black, and frontal plate with a pair of proclinate orbital setae; 2 species ................................................. Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy A. Posterior margin of eye concave below; wing with at least part of cell dm without microtrichia; anterior katepisternal seta fine or absent; fore tarsomeres not white ventrally ......................................... Hydrotaea spinigera (Stein) A'. Posterior margin of eye straight; wing entirely covered with microtrichia; anterior katepisternal seta developed; fore tarsomere white ventrally, especially in male ............................................. Hydrotaea chalcogaster (Wiedemann)

4'. Wing with the subcosta following a slightly sinuous course from humeral cross-vein to costa, not smoothly bowed; body colour usually not metallic black, partly or mainly dusted; gena without a differentiated upcurved seta anteriorly; female ocellar triangle usually short, and frontal plate without proclinate orbital seta ...................................... 5

5. Head angular in profile, with the antenna long and inserted just below level of upper eye-margin; presutural dorsocentral setae short and weak, hardly distinguishable from the ground-setulae; fore femur with 0–2 posteroventral setae, situated near apex; prosternum and vein R 4+5 at base bare; arista bare; 5 species ......................... Atherigona Rondani A. Palpus of male elongate, flattened; palpus of female larger and band-shaped; wing clear; fore femur of male with a dorsal preapical excavation, covered with short black spinules; male without hypopygial prominence or trifoliate process (subgenus Acritochaeta Grimshaw ) .................................................................... Atherigona orientalis Schiner A'. Palpus of male short and club-like; palpus of female narrower and long; wing clear or not; fore femur of male without a dorsal preapical excavation or short black spinules; male with hypopygial prominence and trifoliate process (subgenus Atherigona Rondani ) .......................................................................................................................... B B. Palpus and frontal vitta black in ground-colour. Male hypopygial prominence and trifoliate process as in Pont (1986: Figs 254–261), the hypopygial prominence bifurcate and placed on a small boss. Female tergite 8 and sternite 7 as in Pont (1986: Figs 262–265) ..................................................................................... Atherigona simplex (Thomson) B'. Palpus and/or frontal vitta completely or mainly yellow .......................................................................................... C C. Frontal vitta wholly yellow. Pleura mainly yellow. Palpus yellow. Male wing clear; fore tibia with very long posteroventral to ventral setae in apical quarter. Female fore tibia with erect posteroventral setulae in apical quarter. Male hypopygial prominence as in Pont (1986: Figs 53–59). Female tergite 8 and sternite 7 as in Pont (1986: Figs 60–62) .. ................................................................................................................................................. Atherigona tibiseta Malloch C'. Frontal vitta wholly dark or dark on upper half. Pleura dark in ground-colour. Male wing with a dark smudge at the tip of the subcosta. Fore tibia in both sexes without setae or erect setulae in apical quarter of posteroventral surface .............................................................................................................................................................................. D D. Frontal vitta wholly dark. Male fore femur yellow but usually darkened on apical 1/4 to 1/3. Female fore femur black, yellow on basal 1/4 to 1/3. Male hypopygial prominence bifurcate, and stalk of trifoliate process expanded around middle ( Pont 1986: Figs 204–208). Female sternite 6 some 1.5 times as long as broad; tergite 8 and sternite 7 as in Pont (1986: Figs 209–214) ........................................................................................ Atherigona oryzae Malloch D'. Frontal vitta orange-yellow but dark on upper half. Male fore femur wholly yellow. Female fore femur black, yellow on basal 2/5 to 2/3. Male hypopygial prominence tuberculate, and stalk of trifoliate process not expanded around middle ( Pont 1986: Figs 103–109). Female sternite 6 short, as long as broad; tergite 8 and sternite 7 as in Pont (1986: Figs 110–112) ................................................................................................... Atherigona punctata Karl

5'. Head variable in shape, but never subquadrate, and antenna inserted well below level of upper eye-margin, but if antennae inserted just below level of upper eye-margin ( Limnophora longiantennata ) then prosternum and vein R 4+5 at base setulose, or ( Coenosia pectinata ) arista long plumose or pectinate; presutural dorsocentral setae distinct and strong, longer than the ground-setulae. Fore femur with a complete row of posteroventral setae............................... 6

6. Node at base of vein R 4+5 with 1 or more setulae on dorsal as well as on ventral surfaces .......................................... 7

6'. Node at base of vein R 4+5 bare on dorsal surface, bare or rarely setulose on ventral surface ...................................... 8

7. Prosternum setulose; prealar seta absent; 3 species ................................................. Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy A. Scutum without a white band or dusted area in front of transverse suture and with longitudinal vittae; antenna inserted just below level of upper eye-margin; postpedicel long.................................................................................... .................................................................................................. Limnophora longiantennata Couri, Pont & Daugeron A'. Scutum with a white band or dusted area interrupted or not in front of transverse suture and with no longitudinal vittae; antenna and postpedicel not as above .............................................................................................................. B B. Postsutural dorsocentral setae 4; abdomen with lateral trapezoidal dark marks on syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–4, divided by a longitudinal median stripe........................................................................... Limnophora mesolissa Bezzi B'. Postsutural dorsocentral setae 3; abdomen with syntergite 1+2 dark brown and tergites 3–5 each with a large subtriangular mark that is not divided by a longitudinal median stripe ............................... Limnophora efatensis Shinonaga

7'. Prosternum bare or only with 1–2 setulae on either side; prealar seta present though often short; 2 species ............... ........................................................................................................................................................... Myospila Rondani A. Scutum brown, silvery-grey pollinose, with two brown stripes along the dorsocentral lines; femora mostly brown; abdomen grey with round brown marks on tergites 3–5, not yellow basally .................... Myospila propinqua (Stein) A'. Scutum mainly or entirely reddish-yellow; femora yellow; abdomen yellow at least basally...................................... ................................................................................................................................ Myospila novaehebudae Vockeroth

8. Katepisternal setae not arranged in an equilateral triangle, the anterior one more distant from the posterior 1–3; lower proepimeral seta directed upwards; vein M curved forward towards vein R 4+ 5 in apical part (except in Helina ) ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

8'. Katepisternal setae arranged in an equilateral triangle, the lower one equidistant from the upper two; lower proepimeral seta directed downwards; vein M straight ........................................................................................................... 12

9. Arista bare; prosternum setulose; scutellum with numerous setulae on sides, 1 species ................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Synthesiomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm A. Large species ; antenna and palpus orange-yellow; abdomen brown with tergite 5 orange-yellow, strongly contrasting with the colour of the other tergites ................................................................. Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp)

9'. Arista plumose; prosternum bare; scutellum bare on sides ...................................................................................... 10

10. Arista short, with dorsal plumes longer than the ventral ones; 1 species ................. Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve A. Post-alar declivity bare; wing membrane entirely covered with microtrichia; male with sternite 2 covered with very dense short fine setulae; meron with long hairs ......................................................................... Passeromyia steini Pont

10'. Arista not shortened, with dorsal and ventral plumes of the same size ..................................................................... 11

11. Vein M curved forward towards vein R 4+ 5 in apical part; scutellum yellow at tip; anterior postsutural intra-alar seta placed posterior to level of supra-alar seta; 1 species ..................................................... Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy A. Palpus , basicosta and tibiae yellow .............................................................................. Muscina stabulans (Fallén)

11' Vein M running straight to wing-margin; scutellum wholly black in ground-colour; anterior postsutural intra-alar seta placed anterior to supra-alar seta; 1 species ........................................................................ Helina Robineau-Desvoidy A. Frons of male at narrowest point about 3 times the diameter of anterior ocellus; postsutural dorsocentral setae 3, fore femur yellow; lobes of male sternite 5 brown with greyish pollinosity .................................................................. ...................................................................................................................... H. flavoextrema Couri, Pont & Daugeron

12. Head with only one pair of reclinate orbital setae; presutural dorsocentral 1; hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta; 1 species ................................................................................................................................................ Coenosia Meigen A. Small species , 2.0–3.0 mm; antenna short and yellow in male, brownish in female; legs yellow, tibiae without submedian setae in male ........................................................................................................... Coenosia pumilio Stein 12'. Head with 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae; presutural dorsocentral setae 1 or 2; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

13. Mid tibia with 1 submedian posterodorsal seta; frontal triangle large or at least long and narrow, more or less reaching lunula .................................................................................................................................................................... 14

13'. Mid tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae; frontal triangle small and confined to the area of the ocelli, not nearly reaching lunula........................................................................................................................................................................... 15

14. Lower calypter reduced, linear, not projecting beyond upper one; arista short plumose, the longest hairs equal to width of postpedicel and continued evenly to tip of arista; anterior presutural dorsocentrals almost indistinguishable; legs yellow; 2 species, males only, females indistinguishable ............................................................... Parvisquama Malloch A. Mid femur with the short posteroventral ground-setulae in apical half remaining short and setulose; sternite 5 with the posterior lobes elongate, pointed, and armed on inner surface with a fringe of dense hairs (as Snyder 1965: fig. 7a) ........................................................................................................................ Parvisquama ciliata (Malloch) A’. Mid femur with the short posteroventral ground-setulae in apical half becoming distinctly spinulose and comblike; sternite 5 with the posterior lobes short and rounded, with short setulae on disc but bare along inner surface .... .............................................................................................................................. Parvisquama vanuatuensis , sp. nov.

14’. Lower calypter not reduced, projecting beyond upper one; arista pectinate in male and long plumose along its entire length in female; 1 species ............................................................................................................... Lispocephala Pokorny A. Head brown, densely grey dusted; postpedicel light brown, arista pectinate in male; palpus yellow, brown at base; coxae and femora brown, tibiae yellow ......................................................................... Lispocephala pectinata (Stein)

15. Fore tibia with a strong submedian posteroventral seta; lower katepisternal seta much shorter and finer than the upper two setae; upper frontal seta much closer to lower orbital seta than to lower frontal seta; 4 species .................. ............................................................................................................................................................... Pygophora Schiner A. Fore tibia without anterodorsal setae; male hind tibia with an apical lobe ( Fig. 13 of Crosskey 1962), and mid femur on anteroventral surface with a series of long and curved spine-like setae followed by a row of short curved spinose setulae ( Fig. 9 of Crosskey 1962) .................................................................................... Pygophora respondens (Walker) A'. Fore tibia with 2 distinct anterodorsal setae; male hind tibia without a ventral preapical lobe, and mid femur with anteroventral chaetotaxy different from that described above................................................................................... B B. Male hind tarsus with third tarsomere modified, with a posterior lobe bearing a long tuft of black hairs (Fig. 24 of Crosskey 1962) ............................................................................................................ Pygophora hirtimana Malloch B'. Male hind tarsus with third tarsomere not modified and not bristled as above..................................................... C C. Small species, measuring about 3.6–4.2 mm; postpedicel about 4.0 times as long as pedicel; male tergite 5 not densely bristled as described below; female with femora brown except at tips .................. Pygophora hopkinsi Malloch C'. Larger species, measuring about 5.5–7.1 mm; postpedicel about 2.8 times as long as pedicel; male tergite 5 densely bristled ventro-apically and with straight setae laterally; female with femora wholly yellow (doubtful record) ........................................................................................................................... Pygophora caledonica (Bigot)

15'. Fore tibia without a submedian posteroventral seta; lower katepisternal seta long and strong, the upper anterior seta the shortest of the 3 katepisternals; upper frontal seta much closer to lower frontal seta than to lower orbital seta; 1 species .......................................................................................................................................... Cephalispa Malloch A. General body colour wholly yellow; abdomen slightly compressed laterally in apical part, tergites 3–5 with lateral brown marks, tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and one lateral pair, tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae, and a second row on the lower side ...................................................................... Cephalispa commoni (Paramonov)

Figures

FIGURES 11–13. Parvisquama vanuatuensis sp. nov. Male terminalia. 11. Sternite 5. 12. Lobe of sternite 5, lateral view. 13. Surstylus, lateral view. (Scale bar 0.1 mm).

FIGURES 1–10. 1–6. Dichaetomyia univittata, sp. nov. 1–4. Male terminalia. 1. Sternite 5. 2. Cercal plate and surstylus, dorsal view. 3. Cercal plate and surstylus, lateral view. 4. Aedeagus, lateral view. 5–6. Female. 5..Ovipositor, dorsal view. 6. Ovipositor, ventral view and spermathecae. 7–10. Limnophora longiantennata Couri, Pont & Daugeron. Male terminalia. 7. Sternite 5. 8. Sternite 6. 9. Cercal plate and surstylus, dorsal view. 10. Cercal plate, surstylus and aedeagus, lateral view.