Phytoliriomyza brunofasciata Kato, 2022

Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna & Imada, Yume, 2022, Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts, ZooKeys 1133, pp. 1-164 : 1

25. Phytoliriomyza brunofasciata Kato sp. nov.

Fig. 48

Material examined.

Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a380), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. (35.6327°N, 138.3519°E, 1110 m asl), 25-III-2021 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 6-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32038. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a429), same data as holotype, emerged on 5-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32039; 1♂ (MK-AG-a405), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 3-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32040; 1♀ (MK-AG-498), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 8-V-2010 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 8-VI-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32041; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a344, a345), Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 8-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32042, 32043; 1♂ (MK-AG-a298), Nishiyama-onsen, Hayakawa, Yamanashi Pref., 18-III-2017 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 4-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32044.

Other material.

Japan: On Conocephalum salebrosum : 3♂1♀, Hashigami, Yamane, Kuji, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 5-29-5-VI-2012; 2♂6♀, Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref., 28-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-10-VI-2015; 4♂12♀, Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 15-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 5-13-V-2016; 2♂1♀, Akiyama-go, Sakae-mura, Nagano Pref., 3-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 26-V-14-VII-2020; 8♂18♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 15-V-2018 (as larva), emerged on 1-4-VI-2018; 2♂5♀, Sengataki, Uminokuchi, Minami-maki, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-10-VI-2014; 4♂6♀, Azusayama, Kawakami-mura, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 25-2-V-2014.

On Conocephalum orientalis : 1♂, Tairadate, Sotogahama, Higashitsugaru, Aomori Pref., 26-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1-15-VI-2012; 1♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-3-VI-2014.

On Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 2♂1♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 2-6-VI-2012; 20♂22♀, Mitsumine-jinja, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 26-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-2-V-2021; 1♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 22-VII-2013; 1♂, Mitsumine-jinja, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-V-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VI-2011.

Diagnosis.

A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9-2.2 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of gray stripes, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 5-7 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis and C. purpureorubrum .

Description.

Adult male (Fig. 48A-E ).

Head: Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 48C ). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 48B ). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 48C ). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 48D ). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with a medial brown stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow brown supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider brown intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural brown ovoid spots (Fig. 48D ). Scutellum and subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite and anatergite brown, katatergite yellow with venter brown (Fig. 48E ). Pleuron yellow with venter of katepisternum and meron brown (Fig. 48B ). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 48A ). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae seven or eight pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.2.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown. Genitalia: (Fig. 48G-J ) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with a long tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six or seven fused (rarely unfused in part) long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and an irregular row of several (2-3) short tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 48I ). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 48I ). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view; a pair of dorsal lobes, each with one seta. Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 48I ). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 48G ). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 48H ). Basiphallus with pale broad lateral plate on left side and lightly sclerotized dorsal margin (Fig. 48G ). Hypophallus hood-shaped, membranous; covered with microtrichia ventrally; medially with a pair of dark fused, ventrally incurved, narrow sclerites (Fig. 48G, H ). Paraphallus membranous, rounded or like 4-winged; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 48H ). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus. Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, with truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 48H ). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 48J ).

Female (Fig. 48F ). Similar to male, but larger, first flagellomere black, rarely base yellowish; pedicel and scape yellow. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 48L, M ) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 48L ). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 48M ). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 48M ). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 48A ).

Immatures. (Fig. 48Q ) Puparium internal, slender, and brown.

Etymology.

The specific name (brunus = brown, fascia = stripe) refers to the brown stripes on the scutum.

Japanese name.

Harusame-jagoke-hamoguribae.

Host plants.

Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis and C. purpureorubrum ( Conocephalaceae ) growing on mesic soils in cool-temperate broadleaf deciduous forests.

Mine.

Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 48O-R ).

Biological notes.

The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by Fagus crenata , Cercidiphyllum japonicum , and Quercus crispula (Fig. 48N ). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.

Distribution.

Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Fig. 45 ). The distribution is restricted to broadleaf deciduous forests in the cool temperate zone at high altitudes.

Remarks.

This species resembles P. nigroflava , P. pallidofasciata , and P. bifasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the color of the stripes (brown in P. brunofasciata ; black in P. nigroflava ; pale brown in P. pallidofasciata ; inner pairs black and outer pairs pale brown in P. bifasciata ).

Figures

Figure 45. Locality records of three Phytoliriomyza species associated with Conocephalum spp.: P. caliginosa, P. ugetsu, P. nigroflava and P. brunofasciata.

Figure 48. Phytoliriomyza brunofasciata sp. nov. A-E holotype male A habitus B dorsal C frontal D dorsal E posterior F paratype female (MK-AG-a 42), dorsal G-J male genitalia G whole genitalia, ventral H phallic complex, ventral I epandrium, ventral J ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal L, M female postabdomen L oviscape and spermatheca M tergite 10 N habitat at Nishiyama-onsen O-R mined thalli of Conocephalum salebrosum. Arrows in Q and R indicate puparia.