Paratetrapedia, MOURE, 1941

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 361-363

PARATETRAPEDIA MOURE, 1941

Paratetrapedia Moure 1941: 517 ; type species: Ancyloscelis lineata Spinola, 1853 , by original designation. Moure (1948): 337. Michener (1954): 114. Michener & Moure (1957): 395. Michener (1997): 46. Aguiar (2007): 620.

Chalepogenoides Michener 1942: 279 ; type species Chalepogenus leucostoma Cockerell 1923a , by original designation. Michener (1997): 14.

Comments and diagnosis

The genus Paratetrapedia can be recognized by the following combination of characters: body length

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about 6.0 to 12.0 mm; integument black, brown, pale yellow, orange yellow, or bicoloured, usually with white or yellow marks on face, thin yellow stripes on mesoscutum, terga usually monochromatic or bicoloured (reddish brown and yellow), wing membrane hyaline, brown, yellow or bicoloured. Pubescence mainly sparse and short; first labial palpomere, prementum and galea with numerous apically curved setae (character 1:1; Fig. 1 – more conspicuous in females); paraocular area with very short plumose pubescence; vertex and upper paraocular area with erect stout setae; mesoscutum and scutellum with dense short velvet pubescence ( Fig. 2 ), intermingled with sparse long setae. Terga mainly smooth and shiny, with bands of hairs on hind margins: composed mainly of simple hairs in females, and plumose hairs in males; T1–T3 with marginal hair band occupying less than one-third of margin laterally (for T1 – character 39:1); on T4–T6, marginal hair bands complete along entire margin (character 40:1), occupying one-third of margin laterally or absent. Sterna of males with pregradular area covered by dense short plumose pubescence, complete on S3–S4 and covering only the lateral third of S5–S6. Margins of sterna of males with very distinct pubescence: posterior margin of S2 with row of erect setae, varying on different species as a single continuous row or small rows; S3 with long plumose hairs laterally; mid portion of S3 completely glabrous ( Figs 24–26, 29 ), with one row of straight simple setae or deeply concave, ‘U’ shaped, covered by short plumose hairs ( Figs 17 , 27, 28 ); S4 with band of decumbent long plumose hairs, forming long converging fringes laterally; S5 mostly glabrous with few erect stout plumose hairs laterally; disc of S6 with sparse short plumose hairs and two conspicuous rows of stout plumose hairs on lateral margins ( Figs 24–29 ). Second tarsomere of fore leg of females with one or two stout curved setae, clearly distinct from remaining setae (character 27:1; Fig. 4 ).

Males and females possess specialized morphological features for oil collecting. The fore basitarsus is flattened, with the anterior surface convex and the posterior surface concave, and tarsomeres 2–4 bearing curved stout setae. The outer margin of the fore basitarsus has one comb of simple setae and the concave surface is covered by dense stout plumose hairs ( Vogel, 1974; Neff & Simpson, 1981; Fig. 3 ). The females also have numerous short stout flattened setae on the inner surface of mid and hind basitarsi, and stout spatulate setae forming one comb on inner surface of mid tibia. Mandible of males with only one large preapical tooth; mandible of females with one or two preapical teeth (character 4:1, Fig. 6). Vertex carinate on postocular portion, not reaching genal area. Pronotal collar lamellate dorsally, with lateral portions curved posteriorly (convex in dorsal view; Figs 18–21 ). Lamella of pronotal collar mostly sharp, except in a few species in which the lateral portions are obtuse; mesoscutum without indication of notaular sulcus. Pygidial plate of female differentiated in apical and basal portions; basal portion with margins almost carinate and apex conspicuously acute (character 24:1; Fig. 41 ); pygidial plate absent in males, apex of tergum with only pygidial process. Basitibial plate of females with smooth glabrous margins and central portion convex reniform (character 31:2; Fig. 35 ); basitibial plate of males obsolete, with only one very small carina on lower third (character 33:2, Fig. 37 ); hind basitarsus of males usually with one carinate tooth on anterior margin ( Fig. 32–33 ); inner hind tibial spur serrate, similar to outer spur (character 35:0). Head about 1.2¥ wider than long; eyes weakly divergent toward vertex, lower interocular distance about 0.8¥ the upper interocular distance. S6 of males with two conspicuous tufts of plumose hairs on lateral margins (character 49:1); S7 of males with apical portion of membrane folded (character 51:1) and glabrous, or with few short stout setae (character 50:0); apodeme of S8 long and large (character 58:1); genital capsule of males with parapenial lobe glabrous (character 61:1); gonostyli lamellate with ventral surface concave, usually with one large expansion on basal portion – beg (character 52:1; Figs 147, 153, 157 ); gonapophyses with one lamellate projection on mid portion of inner surface (character 54:1); dorsal, inner, expansion of gonapophyses with many short stout setae (character 59:1); parapenial lobe glabrous (character 61:1).

Figures

Figures 1–5. Fig. 1. Paratetrapedia connexa, female: labial palpi; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Fig. 2. Paratetrapedia fervida, female: mesoscutum pubescence; scale bar = 0.05 mm. Figs 3–5. Paratetrapedia connexa, female; 3: outer surface of fore basitarsus, showing the hair comb for oil gathering; 4: detail of setae on second tarsomere, with the two distinct stout, hook-like setae; scale bar = 0.2 mm; 5: mesepisternum, in lateral view, with acute carina on omaulus; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 24–29. Metasoma, ventral view, male; 24: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 25: Paratetrapedia testacea; 26: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.; 27: Paratetrapedia lineata; 28: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; 29: Paratetrapedia duckei; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 12–17. Figs 12–14. Paratetrapedia connexa, female; 12: vertical surface of terga 1 (T1) with distinct short pubescence composed of dense microsetae; 13: detail of microsetae on T1; scale bar = 0.2 mm; 14: microreticulate lines on disc of T3; scale bar = 0.05 mm. Fig. 15. Sterna 2–6 (S2–S6), Paratetrapedia connexa, male; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Fig. 16: Paratetrapedia leucostoma, male, lateral view of S6; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Fig. 17: Paratetrapedia fervida, male, ventral view of metasoma, with concave area of S3 covered by dense short plumose pubescence; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 18–23. Figs 18–21. Lateral portion of pronotal collar, dorsal view; 18: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; female; 19: Paratetrapedia lineata, female; 20: Paratetrapedia duckei, male; 21: Paratetrapedia testacea, male; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Figs 22–23. Lateral portion of metapostnotum, female; 22: P. lineata; 23: P. flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Figures 34–41. Figs 34–36. Basitibial plate, female; 34: Tropidopedia nigrita; 35: Paratetrapedia connexa; 36: Lophopedia pygmaea; scale bar = 0.25 mm. Fig. 37. Basitibial plate, male, Paratetrapedia testacea; scale bar = 0.25 mm. Figs 38– 41. Pygidial plate, female; 38: T. nigrita; 39: Arhysoceble dichroopoda; 40: L. pygmaea; 41: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figures 30–33. Figs 30–31. Metasoma, ventral view, female; 30: Paratetrapedia lineata; 31: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Figs 32–33. Fore margin of hind basitarsus, male; 32: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 33: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 147–158. Male genital capsule, ventral and dorsal views; 147–148: Paratetrapedia lugubris (Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena); 149–150: Paratetrapedia connexa (Guatemala); 151–152: Paratetrapedia hyalinata sp. nov. (Brazil, Pará); 153–154: Paratetrapedia volatilis (Brazil, Paraná, Piraquara); 155–156: Paratetrapedia flavescens sp. nov. (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Xilitla); 157–158: Paratetrapedia moesta (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: beg, expansion on basal portion of gonostylus; ea, expansion of apodeme of gonapophyses; lbg, lamellate inner lobe of gonapophyses; lg, inner lamella of gonapophyses.