Paratetrapedia fervida, (SMITH, 1879)

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 390-391

PARATETRAPEDIA FERVIDA ( SMITH, 1879)

( FIGS 2 , 17 , 33 , 41 , 70 , 99, 131 , 171, 172 )

Tetrapedia fervida Smith, 1879 ; holotype male, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis [‘Constancia’] (BMNH, examined).

Tetrapedia bunchosiae Friese, 1899: 286 ; lectotype male, designated by Aguiar (2007), Brazil: Santa Catarina, Blumenau (ZMB, examined).

Tetrapedia flaviventris Friese, 1899: 292 ; lectotype female, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Blumenau (ZMB, examined), designated by Moure (1996: 927) (redescription of male and female).

Tetrapaedia [ sic] obsoleta Schrottky, 1902: 547 ; holotype male, Brazil: São Paulo, Jundiaí (MZSP, examined).

Tetrapedia monacha Strand, 1910: 518 ; lectotype female, designated by Aguiar (2007), Paraguay: Assuncion (ZMB, examined).

Tetrapedia velutina Friese, 1910: 459 ; lectotype male, here designated, Paraguay: La Cordillera, San Bernardino (ZMB, examined).

Tetrapedia fervida ; Friese, 1899: 302. Schrottky, 1902: 557.

Tetrapaedia [sic] bunchosiae ; Schrottky, 1901: 212. Schrottky, 1902: 546.

Tetrapaedia [sic] flaviventris ; Schrottky, 1902: 551.

Tetrapedia velutina ; Friese (in Strand, 1909: 234), nomen nudum.

Tetrapedia bunchosiae ; Ducke, 1910b: 369. Cockerell, 1912b: 31. Schrottky, 1913: 260.

Chalepogenus bunchosiae ; Cockerell, 1923a: 450.

Pratetrapedia [sic] bunschosiae [sic]; Moure, 1941: 518.

Paratetrapedia velutina ; Moure, 1941: 518. Michener, 1954: 115.

Chalepogenoides bunchosiae ; Michener, 1942: 281.

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) bunchosiae ; Michener & Moure, 1957: 415. Silveira et al., 2002: 136.

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) obsoleta ; Michener & Moure, 1957: 416. Silveira et al., 2002: 136.

Paratetrapedia bunchosiae ; F. Müller in Vogel (1974: 179) [floral record: Bunchosia gaudichaudiana (Malpighiaceae) ]. Cocucci et al., 2000: 69. Silveira et al., 2002: 136.

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) velutina ; Michener & Moure, 1957: 416. Pedro, 1996: 251. Pedro & Camargo, 1999: 202. Sigrist & Sazima, 2004: 38 [floral records: Stigmaphyllon lalandianum , Tetrapterys guilleminiana (Malpighiaceae) ]. Silveira & Campos, 1995: 375.

Paratetrapedia flaviventris ; Bortoli & Laroca, 1990: 20 [floral record: Senecio oleosus (Asteraceae) ].

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) flaviventris ; Silveira et al., 2002: 136.

Paratetrapedia aff. Velutina ; San Martin-Gajardo & Sazima, 2004: 510 [floral record: Sinningia eumorpha (Gesneriaceae) ; Brazil: São Paulo].

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) fervida ; Gonçalves & Melo, 2005: 564. Aguiar, 2007: 622.

Paratetrapedia fervida ; Mickeliunas et al., 2006: 253 [ Figs 1–4 : flower records: Grobya amherstiae (Orchidaceae) ].

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia fervida can be distinguished mainly by the first labial palpus and prementum of female with numerous long stout curved setae, epistomal suture curved above upper margin of clypeus, male S2 with one isolated row of setae on mid portion ( Fig. 17 ), S3 wide concave in ‘U’ shape, covered by dense short plumose hairs ( Fig. 17 ), female T4–T5 with marginal hair band occupying entire margin, and male hind basitarsus with acute tooth on proximal third of anterior margin. Moure (1996) presents a very detailed redescription of the female lectotype of Tetrapedia flaviventris Friese.

Variation: Paratetrapedia fervida has a frons with coarse punctures whose density varies from sparse (2 pd) to dense (0.5 pd). The colours of integument, pubescence, tibial spurs, and wing membrane vary amongst specimens. Specimens from the northern portion of the distribution (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) have terga pale brown to yellow, sterna usually yellow, and wing membrane pale brown infumate, whereas those from the southern portion (Paraná, Santa Catarina) have terga and sterna completely dark brown and wing membrane dark brown infumate with black microtrichia. One specimen from Viçosa (Minas Gerais) presents two pale yellow stripes on disc of mesoscutum. One specimen from Ritápolis (Minas Gerais) and other from Ipanema (Minas Gerais) have sterna completely yellow and lateral portions of T3 – T6 yellow. The pubescence of hind leg can vary from completely dark brown, almost black, to orange yellow. The yellow marks on paraocular area, clypeus, and labrum can vary from very conspicuous, slightly faint, or can be completely absent. A few male specimens from Espírito Santo have the tooth on hind basitarsus very reduced .

Male. Body length: 8.5–11.3; maximum head width: 2.8–3.5; fore wing length (including tegula): 8.4–11.0. Female. Body length: 9.5–9.6; maximum head width: 3.1–3.6; fore wing length (including tegula): 8.3–8.7.

Distribution: Argentina: Misiones; Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; Paraguay ( Fig. 70 ).

Type material: Tetrapedia fervida Smith ; holotype male ( BMNH), ‘ Type \ H. T.’ ‘ B.M. Type \ Hym. \ 17B.882’ ‘ Tetrapedia fervida Sm. \ (Type)’ ‘ Constancia \ January 1857 \ J. Gray \\ 5757 ’.

Tetrapedia velutina Strand ; lectotype male (ZMB): ‘ Paraguay \ (San Bernardino)\ K.Fiebrig S.V.’ ‘Type’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ velutina ♂ 1907 Friese det.\ var. Fr.’ ‘ Tetr. velutina \ (Fr.i.l.) ♂ \ Strand det.’ ‘Zool. Mus.\ Berlin’ ‘sem dobra episternal\ basitarso armado’.

Tetrapedia bunchosiae Friese ; lectotype male ( ZMB): ‘ Brazil \ Blumenau \ 1897’ ‘ Tetrapedia ♂ \ bunchosiae \ ♂ det. Friese 1898\ Fr. ’ ‘ Type’ ‘ Zool. Mus. \ Berlin’ .

Tetrapedia flaviventris Friese ; lectotype female (ZMB): ‘ Brazil \ Blumenau\ 1897\ Virgil’ ‘ Tetrap. ♀ \ flaviventris \ det. Friese 1898\ n.sp.’ ‘Typus’ ‘Zool. Mus.\ Berlin’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ flaviventris ♀ \ ( Friese, 1899)\ det. J.S.Moure 1992’.

Tetrapedia obsoleta Schrottky , holotype male (MZSP), ‘17.838’ ‘ ♂ ’ ‘ obsoleta 96918’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ obsoleta ♂ \ ( Schrottky, 1902)\ Holotype \ Pe.J.S. Moure det. 1987’, information associated to number 17.838 in the registry book of MZSP: ‘familia Anthop .; det. Ducke 13, coll. C. Schrottky, Jundiahy (S.P.), Type!’.

Tetrapedia monacha Strand ; lectotype female ( ZMB): ‘ J.B. Anistis \ Assuncion \ Paraguay \ Sapucay\ 12.I.05’ ‘Type’ ‘ T. sapucay \ ensis Schr.?\ (Monacha\ Strand det. m.) ’; paralectotype female ( ZMB): ‘ J.B. Anistis \ Asuncion \ Paraguay \ Sapucay ♀ \ 12.I.05’ ‘ Co-Type’ ‘ T. sapucayensis \ Schr.?\ (Monacha \ Strand. det. m.’.

Additional material: See Appendix.

Figures

Figure 70. Geographical distribution of Paratetrapedia fervida and Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.

Figures 1–5. Fig. 1. Paratetrapedia connexa, female: labial palpi; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Fig. 2. Paratetrapedia fervida, female: mesoscutum pubescence; scale bar = 0.05 mm. Figs 3–5. Paratetrapedia connexa, female; 3: outer surface of fore basitarsus, showing the hair comb for oil gathering; 4: detail of setae on second tarsomere, with the two distinct stout, hook-like setae; scale bar = 0.2 mm; 5: mesepisternum, in lateral view, with acute carina on omaulus; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 12–17. Figs 12–14. Paratetrapedia connexa, female; 12: vertical surface of terga 1 (T1) with distinct short pubescence composed of dense microsetae; 13: detail of microsetae on T1; scale bar = 0.2 mm; 14: microreticulate lines on disc of T3; scale bar = 0.05 mm. Fig. 15. Sterna 2–6 (S2–S6), Paratetrapedia connexa, male; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Fig. 16: Paratetrapedia leucostoma, male, lateral view of S6; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Fig. 17: Paratetrapedia fervida, male, ventral view of metasoma, with concave area of S3 covered by dense short plumose pubescence; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 30–33. Figs 30–31. Metasoma, ventral view, female; 30: Paratetrapedia lineata; 31: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Figs 32–33. Fore margin of hind basitarsus, male; 32: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 33: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 34–41. Figs 34–36. Basitibial plate, female; 34: Tropidopedia nigrita; 35: Paratetrapedia connexa; 36: Lophopedia pygmaea; scale bar = 0.25 mm. Fig. 37. Basitibial plate, male, Paratetrapedia testacea; scale bar = 0.25 mm. Figs 38– 41. Pygidial plate, female; 38: T. nigrita; 39: Arhysoceble dichroopoda; 40: L. pygmaea; 41: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figures 129–137. Sternum 8 (S8), male; 129: Paratetrapedia flavescens sp. nov. (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Xilitla); 130: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 131: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 132: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 133: Paratetrapedia flavifrons sp. nov. (Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena); 134: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 135: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 136: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Três Marias); 137: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 171–184. Male genital capsule, ventral and dorsal views; 171–172: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 173–174: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 175–176: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 177–178: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 179–180: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 181–182: Paratetrapedia flavipennis (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 183–184: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: lbg, lamellate inner lobe of gonapophyses.