Nasutopedia, Aguiar & Melo, 2011

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 428-433

NASUTOPEDIA GEN. NOV.

Type species: Tetrapedia nigripes Friese, 1899

Comments and diagnosis: The recognition of the genus Nasutopedia is supported by at least four characters ( Figs 209 , 210 ), by the distinct morphology of male terminalia ( Figs 214–218 ), and by its biogeographical distribution. In Nasutopedia , as in Paratetrapedia , Tropidopedia , and Lophopedia , the male pygidial plate is reduced to a pygidial process, the pronotal collar is lamellate, and the female pygidial plate is differentiated into a basal and an apical portion. Nasutopedia , however, exhibits a set of unique characters, which allows its easy identification. In addition, the male terminalia of Nasutopedia nigripes and Nasutopedia micheneri are quite similar to each other but very distinct from the remaining species of Tapinotaspidini .

The following characters are common to the species of Nasutopedia gen. nov. here recognized: females with two large preapical teeth in the mandible (character 4:1); males with post-ocellar carina acute and very short, restricted to post-ocellar portion of vertex (character 12:0); females with post-ocular carina narrowly rounded ( Fig. 210 ; character 11:0); basitibial plate of female long and slightly reniform (character 31:2); metanotum weakly convex, and uniformly broad along its entire length; notaulus inconspicuous [completely absent in Nasutopedia rasmusseni ; character 16:0)].

The shape of the preapical teeth in the female mandible is very similar to the condition exhibited by species of the lugubris group in Paratetrapedia , with two large preapical teeth widely separate from the apical tooth. Tridentate mandibles are also present in females of Lophopedia pygmaea , but the shape of its teeth is quite distinct. In L. pygmaea , the second preapical tooth is smaller than the first tooth, and they are placed very close to each other; in the remaining species of Lophopedia , only a single and large preapical tooth, whose apex is rectangular, is present ( Aguiar, 2009).

Nasutopedia has in common with Paratetrapedia the female fore basitarsus without an apical projection; an acute male pygidial process; a reduced male basitibial plate, with only a short carina on its apical one-third; margins of basal portion of the female pygidial plate almost carinate and converging in an obtuse angle; setae of brush on female mid tibia with an acute apex and flat surface; margin of male S6 with tufts of plumose setae laterally; notaulus very weak, almost absent; row of setae on margin of male S2 not differentiated.

Description: Body length about 7.0 to 10.0 mm; integument varying from dark brown to black, usually with white or yellow marks on face; wing membrane dark brown or pale yellow infumate; terga orange brown or black. Pubescence mainly sparse and short; paraocular area with pubescence mostly simple; vertex and upper paraocular area with erect stout setae; mesoscutum and scutellum with dense short velvet pubescence, intermingled with numerous long setae. Terga smooth and shiny or with dense fine punctures. Posterolateral margins of terga with bands of hairs; in females, composed mainly of simple hairs, in males, composed of plumose hairs. In males, T 1– T 4 with marginal hair band occupying less than one third of margin laterally; T 5 with marginal band almost complete to complete; T 6 with marginal hair band usually complete, except in N. rasmusseni in which the margin is glabrous. In females, marginal hair band absent on T 1 (except N. nigripes ); on T 2– T 4, marginal hair bands occupying less than one third of margin laterally, almost absent; on T 5– T 6, complete. Males with pregradular area of S2–S6 covered by dense short plumose pubescence (except for N. micheneri , in which the pregradular surfaces of S2–S3 are glabrous); margin of S2 and S3 with erect simple setae forming a single continuous row; S4 with band of decumbent long plumose hairs, forming long converging fringes laterally; S5 with mid portion mostly glabrous with erect stout plumose hairs laterally; S6 with short stout plumose hairs on apical portion, with small tufts of setae on margin laterally. Males and females with differentiated hairs for oil and pollen collecting: fore basitarsus with comb of simple setae on outer margin and plumose hairs on inner concave surface. Females with a comb of stout spatulate setae with acute apex on inner surface of mid tibia; basitarsus of mid and hind legs with numerous short spatulate setae on inner surface. Mandible with two preapical teeth in females; males with only one preapical tooth. Post-ocellar carina narrowly rounded, almost inconspicuous ( Fig. 210 ), not reaching the post-ocular portion of vertex. Pronotal collar lamellate dorsally, with lateral sections low, confluent with lateral, vertical portions ( Fig. 210 ), or high and closed as a gutter on N. rasmusseni ; lamella of pronotal collar sharp, with lateral portions obtuse. Notaulus inconspicuous, not sulcated and indicated by a narrow smooth area; on N. rasmusseni completely absent. Pygidial plate of females differentiated in apical and basal portions; basal portion with margins almost carinate and converging in obtuse angle; male without pygidial plate, with only an acute pygidial process. Basitibial plate of females with smooth glabrous margins and central portion convex, curved, weakly reniform; basitibial plate of males mostly inconspicuous with only a short carina along apical one-third; inner hind tibial spur serrate, slightly distinct from outer spur. Male head about 1.2¥ wider than long; eyes weakly divergent toward vertex, lower interocular distance about 0.8¥ upper interocular distance. Male terminalia: lamellate apex of S7 densely pilose without a conspicuous inner lobe; lamellate apex of S8 long and narrow; dorsal bridge of gonocoxite long and broad; parapenial lobe with stout setae and weakly curved toward mid portion of gonocoxite.

Etymology: The generic name refers to the strongly convex clypeus of the males.

NASUTOPEDIA NIGRIPES ( FRIESE, 1899) COMB. NOV.

( FIGS 211, 212 , 219)

Tetrapedia nigripes Friese 1899: 287 ; holotype male,

Venezuela (ZMB, examined). Tetrapedia nigripes ; Ducke (1910b): 369. Strand

(1910): 460. Friese (1916): 335. Friese (1923): 4. Chalepogenus nigripes ; Cockerell (1923a): 450. Chalepogenoides nigripes ; Michener (1942): 281. Paratetrapedia nigripes ; Aguiar (2007): 625. Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) nigripes ; Rasmussen

& Ascher (2008): 77.

Comments and diagnosis: Nasutopedia nigripes differs from the remaining species by the dorsal surface of pronotal collar with opened, not raised lateral portions. Males of N. nigripes are distinguished by the integument mostly black, except for white labrum; surface of S2–S3 with dense fine short simple setae; T5 with almost complete marginal hair band of black plumose hairs; T6 with complete marginal hair band of black plumose hairs throughout its margin; T1–T3 with marginal hair band of plumose hairs occupying less than one third of margin laterally; T4 with marginal band of plumose hairs occupying about one third of margin laterally; T1 with dense minute punctures with very short pubescence; marginal zone of T2–T3 with sparse minute punctures, tergal disc smooth; lamella of pronotal collar with lateral portions low, obtuse, almost closed; sulcus on notauli thin, conspicuous.

The female is mainly identified by integument completely black to reddish brown, only terga and tarsi weakly pale brown; notaulus very weakly sulcated; lamella of pronotal collar with lateral portions low, opened, without signs of lateral lamella; frons with coarser punctures on disc (1 pd) and dense minute punctures (<1 pd); terga with numerous minute punctures on entire marginal zone, with dense minute hairs; hind tibial scopa mostly dark brown with distal portion pale yellow, almost white, and hind basitarsus with pale brown pubescence.

Redescription of holotype (male): Body length: 7.9; wing length (with tegula): 8.2; head: width, 2.56, length, 2.12; clypeus: length, 0.68, width, 1.14; lower interocular distance: 1.18; upper interocular distance: 1.41; scape: length, 0.61, width, 0.19; F1–F3, length: 0.25, 0.13, 0.21; F2 diameter: 0.23. Colour. Mostly black; terga, legs, and scape reddish brown; mandible pale yellow with apex black; labrum pale yellow; clypeus with lower margin pale yellow; S4–S5 pale yellow, almost white; mediotarsi and distitarsi of mid and hind legs pale yellow; tibial spurs dark brown. Wing membrane brown infumate; veins and pterostigma yellow; veins and membrane with dense dark brown microtrichiae. Integument sculpture. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd); disc of supraclypeal area smooth. Frons with coarse punctures (<0.5–1 pd), more sparse on upper portion of disc of frons. Paraocular area with sparse fine punctures (> 2 pd); antennal scrobe with dense fine punctures (c. 1 pd); vertex with dense minute punctures. Mesoscutum with minute punctures (1–3 pd), intermingled amongst few coarser punctures on disc (> 4 pd). Scutellum with dense fine punctures (1–2 pd); disc with two smooth areas on disc laterally. Mesepisternum with sparse fine punctures (> 3 pd); metapostnotum with sparse fine punctures (> 4 pd); propodeum with sparse fine punctures (> 3 pd); terga mostly smooth, with sparse fine punctures laterally (> 3 pd). S1–S3 with fine punctures (c. 1 pd); on S1–S2, dense (c. 1 pd); on S3, sparse (> 2 pd). Pubescence. Mostly dark brown; except lower margin of mandible, labrum, lower margin of clypeus, genal area, and short plumose hairs on mesepisternum ventrally mostly pale yellow. Hind tibial scopa mostly dark brown on proximal third and white on distal third. Lower margin of proximal portion of mandible with long simple setae, longer as the width of mandibular base; labrum with scarce pubescence, with short simple and plumose hairs intermingled; clypeus with decumbent short simple setae on lower portion and erect simple sparse setae on lateral and upper portions; paraocular area and vertex with sparse erect simple setae (c. 0.8 ¥ F2 diameter); vertex and genal area with dense fine plumose pale brown hairs; postocellar portion of vertex with erect simple and plumose setae, c. 0.8–1.2 ¥ F2 diameter. Mesoscutum with dense short plumose pale brown hairs, intermingled amongst sparse long simple stout setae, c. 0.7 ¥ F2 diameter; scutellum with numerous stout simple long setae (c. 0.5–1.8 ¥ F2 diameter) intermingled amongst plumose hairs on posterior margins. Mesepisternum laterally with numerous dark brown long simple hairs, c. 1.2 ¥ F2 diameter; on lower portion with short plumose pale white hairs intermingled. Metapostnotum with numerous short plumose hairs, c. 0.5 ¥ F2 diameter. Marginal hair band of plumose hairs on terga: T1, almost inconspicuous, with few hairs on margin laterally; T2–T3 with dense band of pale brown plumose hairs, occupying less than one-quarter of margin laterally; T4 with marginal hair band of dark brown hairs, occupying about one third of margin laterally; T5 with marginal hair band almost complete, with one short interval glabrous on mid portion; T6 with marginal hair band complete. S1–S3 with dense short decumbent simple hairs covering the surface; S2–S3 with long simple setae on margin forming a continuous row; S4 with dense band of long plumose hairs, forming long curved fringes laterally; S5 mostly glabrous, with few short plumose hairs laterally; S6 with numerous simple setae on mid line of apical portion, with apex curved posteriorly, and two small rows of setae oblique to margin laterally. Structure. Mandible with one pre-apical tooth; clypeus strongly convex; lower margin of supraclypeal area with short sulcus; mid line of frons weakly sulcate, very narrow; upper paraocular area weakly convex, almost flat; postocellar carina short and weak, almost absent, restricted to the post-ocellar portion of vertex; genal area declivous, weakly convex; pronotal collar with upper portion conspicuous lamellate, forming an acute convex lamella; dorsal lamella of pronotal collar with mid portion sinuous; dorsal surface of pronotal collar concave, with lateral portions opened, not raised; notauli weakly sulcate on mesoscutum, almost inconspicuous; scutellum biconvex, with mid line conspicuously concave; T7 with only a short thin lamellate pygidial process, pygidial plate absent; basitibial plate mostly inconspicuous, marked only on lower third portion.

Female: ( COLOMBIA: Prov. Valle\summit. W. of Cali). Body length: 10.0; wing length (with tegula): 10.0; head: width, 2.63, length, 1.93; clypeus: length, 6.69, width, 1.20; lower interocular distance: 1.18; upper interocular distance: 1.51; scape: length, 0.74, width, 0.15; F1–F3, length: 0.19, 0.11, 0.19; F2 diameter: 2.16. Colour. Mostly black; terga, legs, and scape reddish brown; basitarsus, mediotarsi, and distitarsi of hind legs pale yellow; tibial spurs dark brown. Wing membrane dark brown infumate; veins and pterostigma yellow; veins and membrane with dense dark brown microtrichiae. Integumental sculpture. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd). Disc of frons with dense fine punctures (<0.5 pd), intermingled amongst sparse coarser punctures (c. 1–3 pd). Paraocular area with sparse fine punctures (> 2 pd); antennal scrobe with dense fine punctures (c. 1 pd); vertex with dense minute punctures. Mesoscutum with dense minute punctures (0.5–1 pd), intermingled amongst few coarser punctures on disc (> 4 pd). Scutellum with dense fine punctures (0.5–2 pd). Mesepisternum with sparse fine punctures (> 3 pd); metapostnotum with numerous minute punctures (c. 3 pd); propodeum with numerous minute punctures intermingled amongst sparse coarse punctures. T1 with minute punctures (c. 1–2 pd); T2–T4 with numerous minute punctures (c. 2–3 pd), with marginal zone completely smooth. T5 and T6 with surface mostly undercovered by the remaining terga. S1–S2, S4–S5 with numerous fine punctures on pre-marginal zone; S3 mostly smooth, with sparse punctures on posterior margin. Pubescence. Mostly dark brown; except lower margin of mandible, labrum, and clypeus mostly reddish yellow. Hind tibial scopa mostly dark brown on proximal third and white on distal third. Lower margin of proximal portion of mandible with long simple setae, longer than width of mandibular base; labrum with numerous setae on lower margin; clypeus with erect simple sparse setae on lateral and upper portions; paraocular area and post-ocellar portion of vertex with sparse erect simple setae (c. 1.0 ¥ F2 diameter); vertex and genal area with dense fine plumose hairs. Mesoscutum with dense short plumose dark brown hairs, intermingled amongst sparse long plumose stout setae, c. 0.5 ¥ F2 diameter; scutellum with stout simple long setae (c. 1.5–2.5 ¥ F2 diameter) intermingled amongst dense plumose hairs on posterolateral portions. Mesepisternum laterally with numerous dark brown long simple hairs, c. 1.3– 2.0 ¥ F2 diameter. Metapostnotum with numerous very short hairs, <0.2 ¥ F2 diameter. Marginal band of hairs on terga: T1–T4, almost inconspicuous, with few hairs on margin laterally, occupying less than one-quarter of margin laterally; T5 with marginal hair band of dark brown hairs, occupying whole margin. S1–S2, S4, and S5 with dense short decumbent simple hairs covering the surface; S3 with sparse simple setae; S4 with dense band of long plumose hairs on posterior margin. Structure. Mandible with two pre-apical teeth; clypeus weakly convex; lower margin of supraclypeal area with narrow sulcus; frons convex; upper paraocular area weakly convex, almost flat; post-ocellar carina short and weak, almost absent, restricted to the post-ocellar portion of vertex; genal area declivous, weakly convex; pronotal collar with upper portion conspicuous lamellate, forming an acute convex lamella; lamella of pronotal collar with mid portion not sinuous; lateral portions of pronotal collar opened; notauli weakly sulcate on mesoscutum, almost inconspicuous; scutellum homogeneous convex, without mid line concave.

Variation: The marginal hair band on male T5 can be complete or on about one third of margin laterally.

Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela (above 1800 m altitude; Fig. 219).

Type material: Tetrapedia nigripes Friese ; holotype male, ‘ Venezuela \ 1896’ ‘Type’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ nigripes \ ♂ 1904 Friese Fr. det.’.

Additional material: See Appendix.

Figures

Figure 209. Strict consensus of four most parsimonious cladograms with equal weighting, for species of Paratetrapedia (fast optimization; length: 126 steps; consistency index: 54; retention index: 83); solid circles represent unique transformations and open circles multiple transformations.

Figure 210. Most parsimonious cladogram with implied weighting for species of Paratetrapedia (k, concavity constant = 3), fast optimization (total fitness: 455.2; length: 123; consistency index: 56; retention index: 84). Solid circles represent unique transformations and open circles multiple transformations. Main biogeographical components indicated following species name; components according to Camargo & Pedro (2003), except for the Cerrado and Choco. Abbreviations: Atl, Atlantic; CA, Central America; NAm, northern Amazon; Neot, Neotropical region; SEAm, south-eastern Amazon; SWAm, south-western Amazon. An asterisk indicates that the species also has extralimital records.

Figures 214–218. Nasutopedia micheneri, male; sterna 6–8 (S6–S8), genital capsule, ventral and dorsal view, scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 211–213. Head; 211: Nasutopedia nigripes (Friese), female, dorsal view; 212: Nasutopedia nigripes, male (Colombia, Risaralda); 213: Nasutopedia micheneri, male, holotype; scale bar = 0.5 mm.