Wellstenhelia clio, Karanovic & Kim, 2014

Karanovic, Tomislav & Kim, Kichoon, 2014, New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay, Zootaxa 3783 (1), pp. 1-96 : 24-30

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E6155BDC-AEAE-475D-BC83-61B3B863344C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062483
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460-FFB9-FFCD-64D0-FE700115FF69
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Wellstenhelia clio
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov.

( Figs. 12–17 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 )

Type locality. South Korea, South Sea , Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 34.920944°N 127.785528°E ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ) GoogleMaps .

Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232676), male allotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232677), two male paratypes and three female paratypes together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232678), six male paratypes and eight female paratypes and six copepodid paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232679), five females destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful); type locality, 18 February 2012, leg. K. Kim.

Two male paratypes and three female paratypes and one copepodid paratype together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232680), one female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification successful, Code 0187), type locality, 30 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.

One female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 15, muddy sediments, 34.890139°N 127.795111°E ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim. Three GoogleMaps males and three females destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea , Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 12, muddy sediments, 34.951389°N 127.734361°E ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim. GoogleMaps

Etymology. The species is named after Clio (Ancient Greek: Κλειώ), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of history. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).

Description. Female (based on holotype and two paratypes). Body length from 540 to 617 µm (latter in holotype). Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness and surface appearence as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov., including minute sparse pits visible only on highest magnifications on scanning electron microscope. Most somite ornamentation also similar to Wellstenhelia calliope , and presumed homologous pores and sensilla numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 12A, B, C View FIGURE 12 , 13A, B, C View FIGURE 13 , 14A View FIGURE 14 ) to allow easier comparison. Habitus ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 16A View FIGURE 16 ) more robust, with prosome/urosome length ratio 1.2, body length/width ratio about 2.9, and cephalothorax nearly twice as wide as genital double-somite.

Rostrum ( Figs. 12C View FIGURE 12 , 16B View FIGURE 16 ) slightly narrower in dorsal view than in Wellstenhelia calliope (arrowed in Fig. 12C View FIGURE 12 ), but without any other difference in shape or ornamentation.

Cephalothorax ( Figs. 12A, B, C View FIGURE 12 , 13B View FIGURE 13 , 16C View FIGURE 16 ) about 0.8 times as long as wide; represents 28% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope ; except two additional sensilla (nos. $, £) and one additional pore (no. ¥) present, two lateral pores (nos. 19, 33) missing, sensilla no. 40 paired, and somewhat different relative position of pores nos. 9, 10, 28 (arrowed in Figs. 12A, C View FIGURE 12 ).

Pleuron of second pedigerous somite ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 16D View FIGURE 16 ) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except lateral pair of sensilla no. 48 missing (arrowed in Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ).

Pleurons of third pedigerous somite ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 13C View FIGURE 13 , 16D View FIGURE 16 ), fourth pedigerous somite ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 14A View FIGURE 14 , 16D View FIGURE 16 ), and first urosomite ( Fig. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 16E View FIGURE 16 ) as in Wellstenhelia calliope .

Genital double-somite ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 13A View FIGURE 13 , 16E View FIGURE 16 ) as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except anterior part even more inflated laterally, forming blunt chitinous processes, ventral pair of sensilla (no. 73) much more widely spaced, and two additional rows of minute spinules in anterior half (arrowed in Fig. 12B View FIGURE 12 ).

Last threeurosomites ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 13A View FIGURE 13 , 16F View FIGURE 16 ) as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except for short lateral rows of spinules on preanal somite, more widely spaced sensilla nos. 74 & 78, and more ventrally located pores 79 & 80.

Caudal rami ( Figs. 12A, B View FIGURE 12 , 13A View FIGURE 13 , 16F View FIGURE 16 ) short and stout, much shorter than in Wellstenhelia calliope (arrowed in Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ), about 1.3 times as long as anal somite, cylindrical, 2.1 times as long as wide (ventral view), slightly divergent, and with space between them about one ramus width; ornamentation and armature as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except central part of inner margin without spinules and middle lateral seta much shorter (both arrowed in Fig. 13A View FIGURE 13 ).

Antennula ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ), antenna, labrum, paragnaths, mandibula ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ), maxillula, maxilla, and maxilliped as in Wellstenhelia calliope .

Swimming legs ( Figs. 12D View FIGURE 12 , 14B View FIGURE 14 ) segmentation, ornamentation, armature, and even proportions of various armature elements as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except proximal rows of spinules on coxae slightly longer (arrowed in Fig. 14B View FIGURE 14 ) and first endopodal segments without anterior pore (arrowed in Fig. 12D View FIGURE 12 ).

Fifth leg ( Figs. 12A View FIGURE 12 , 14C View FIGURE 14 ) segmentation, general shape, number of armature elements, and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except innermost endopodal seta proportionately longer (arrowed in Figs. 12A View FIGURE 12 , 14C View FIGURE 14 ), space between two central endopodal setae wider (arrowed in Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ), exopod wider at base (arrowed in Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ), and additional pore present on anterior surface of exopod (arrowed in Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ). Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1.2: 1.7: 1. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.3: 0.3: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6.

Sixth leg ( Fig. 14D View FIGURE 14 ) as in Wellstenhelia calliope .

Male (based on allotype and five paratypes). Body length from 519 to 564 µm (555 µm in allotype). Habitus ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 ), colour, rostrum ( Fig. 17C View FIGURE 17 ), shape and almost all ornamentation of cephalothorax ( Figs. 14E View FIGURE 14 , 17A, C View FIGURE 17 ), shape and ornamentation of second pedigerous somite ( Figs. 15C View FIGURE 15 , 17A View FIGURE 17 ) (including missing sensilla pair no. 48; arrowed in Fig. 15C View FIGURE 15 ), third pedigerous somite ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 ), and fourth pedigerous somite ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 ), ornamentation of first urosomite ( Figs. 15B View FIGURE 15 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ), ornamentation of last threeurosomites ( Figs. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 , 17A, B View FIGURE 17 ), caudal rami ( Fig. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 , 17A View FIGURE 17 ), antenna ( Fig. 17D View FIGURE 17 ), labrum ( Fig. 17D View FIGURE 17 ), paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla ( Fig. 17E View FIGURE 17 ), maxilliped ( Fig. 17E View FIGURE 17 ), first swimming leg ( Fig. 17F View FIGURE 17 ), and coxae, bases, and exopods of second, third, and fourth swimming legs as in female. Prosome/urosome ratio 1.1, greatest width at posterior end of cephalothorax, body length/width ratio about 3.5; cephalothorax twice as wide as genital somite in dorsal view. Genital somite and third urosomite not fused.

Cephalothorax ( Figs. 14E View FIGURE 14 , 17A, C View FIGURE 17 ) in addition to all sensilla and pores present in female, with one additional pair of lateral pores in posterior half (no. €).

First urosomite ( Figs. 15B View FIGURE 15 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ) slightly narrower and longer than in female but also with three pairs of sensilla (nos. 64, 65, 66) and two pairs of pores (nos. 63, 67).

Genital somite ( Figs. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ) somewhat wider and with fewer spinules than in Wellstenhelia calliope , but with all ornamentation same, except pore no. 68 situated more ventrally (arrowed in Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 ), i.e. much closer to pore no. #, and in one paratype two pores extremely close to each other ( Fig. 17B View FIGURE 17 ).

Third urosomite ( Figs. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ) as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except ventral row of spinules not interrupted between sensilla pair no. 73 and not broken between sensilla nos. 72 & 73 (both arrowed in Fig. 15A View FIGURE 15 ).

Antennula ( Figs. 14F View FIGURE 14 , 17C View FIGURE 17 ) shape, segmentation, armature, and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except spiniform process on first segment smaller (arrowed in Fig. 15F View FIGURE 15 ), dorsal pore missing (arrowed in Fig. 15F View FIGURE 15 ), and aesthetascs on third and fourth segments longer.

Fifth leg ( Figs. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ) shape, armature, and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except for shallow ventral notch on fused baseoendopods.

Sixth legs ( Fig. 15A, B View FIGURE 15 , 17B View FIGURE 17 ) as in Wellstenhelia calliope , except middle seta proportionately shorter (arrowed in Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 ).

Variability. Most morphological features are extremely conservative, including the sensilla and pores pattern of somites, and length ratio of different armature on appendages. Except for body length, the only other variable feature was the position of lateral pore no. 68 on the male genital somite (arrowed in Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 ).

Morphological affinities. Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov. has no obvious autapomorphy that would distinguish it at once from all other congeners. As mentioned above, its female fifth leg ( Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ) is relatively similar to that in the Swedish Wellstenhelia hanstromi ( Lang, 1948) comb. nov., with two inner endopodal setae of about the same length and strength and as long as the outermost endopodal seta (see Lang 1948), although not as long as those in the Artcic Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov. (see Kornev & Chertoprud 2008). However, this may be a plesiomorphic character, as a similar fifth leg endopod can be found in several lineages of the genus Delavalia Brady, 1869 . Unfortunately, both Wellstenhelia hanstromi and Wellstenhelia melpomene are known so far only from a very limited set of female morphological characters ( Lang 1948; Kornev & Chertoprud 2008) and most features cannot be compared. Even so, there is no doubt that all three represent separate species, as Wellstenhelia hanstromi has much longer caudal rami and a shorter seta on the first endopodal segment of the fourth leg than the other two, and Wellstenhelia melpomene has a longer exopod and all setae on the fifth leg, while Wellstenhelia clio has a shorter endopod of the first leg. In the absence of other evidence we have to assume that Wellstenhelia clio is probably morphologically most similar to Wellstenhelia melpomene , as these two species also have very similar caudal rami.

Other congeners can be easily distinguished from Wellstenhelia clio by many characters. Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis ( Ma & Li, 2011) comb. nov. have much longer caudal rami and a shorter innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod; Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov has much shorter caudal rami and only three setae on the female fifth leg endopod; while Wellstenhelia erato sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia bocqueti ( Soyer, 1971) comb. nov. have a much shorter innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod. Each species can additionally be distinguished from Wellstenhelia clio by some other feature in the proportion of armature elements or ornamentation of somites. Numerous differences between this species and Wellstenhelia calliope are indicated by arrowheads in Figs. 12A, B, C, D View FIGURE 12 , 13A View FIGURE 13 , 14B, C, F View FIGURE 14 , 15A, B, C View FIGURE 15 .